Annelerin Okul Öncesi Çocuklarının Ağırlığı ile İlgili Görüşleri ve Kendi Beden Algıları ile İlişkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 6, 329 - 337, 18.11.2024

Mine Erkan , Sevtap Velipaşaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1455850

Öz

Amaç: Çocukların ağırlıklarının anneleri tarafından olduğundan düşük ya da yüksek olarak algılanması yanlış beslenme uygulamalarına ve sağlık sorunlarına yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, annelerin çocuklarının ve kendilerinin ağırlıkları ile ilgili algılarını değerlendirmek ve bu algıları etkileyebilecek sosyodemografik faktörleri belirlemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma 2-5 yaş arasındaki 170 çocuk ve annesinin dahil edildiği kesitsel tipte bir araştırmaydı. Çalışma için annelerin ve çocukların boy ve ağırlıkları ölçüldü; annelere kendine ve çocuğuna dair algısını anlayabilmek için sözel (5’li Likert tipi ölçek) ve görsel ölçekler (çocuklar için Toddler Silhoutte Scale, anneler için Contour Drawing Rating Scale) içeren anketler uygulandı.

Bulgular: Çocukların boya göre ağırlık persentili arttıkça, annelerin çocuklarının ağırlığını sözlü ve görsel değerlendirmesindeki doğruluk oranı azaldı ve bu da onları çocuğun kilosunu hafife almaya daha yatkın hale getirdi. Sözel ölçekte zayıf, normal kilolu, fazla kilolu ve şişman çocukların annelerinin çocuklarını doğru şekilde tanımlama oranları sırasıyla %53.19, %71.72, %31.25 ve %0’dı. Görsel ölçekte ise bu değerler sırasıyla %72.34%, %54.55, %12.50 ve 0%’dı. Fazla kilolu ve şişman annelerin sözel ve görsel öz değerlendirme doğruluğu diğerlerine göre daha düşük saptandı. Sözel ve görsel ölçekte öz değerlendirme doğruluk oranları sırayla zayıf annelerde %100 ve %75, normal kilolu annelerde %75.36 ve %89.86, fazla kilolu annelerde %47.46 ve %32.20 ve şişman annelerde %34.21 ve %23.68 olarak saptandı. Annelerin kendi ağırlıklarına ilişkin algıları ile çocuklarının ağırlıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmedi.

Sonuç: Çocukların ağırlık durumlarının anneleri tarafından yorumlanmasında sorunlar olduğu saptandı. Annelerin yanlış algısını açıklayabilecek herhangi bir sosyodemografik risk faktörü tespit edemedik. Annelerin çocuğun ağırlığı ile ilgili sorunları algılayabilmesi ve bir sorun olarak dile getirmesi eksik olabileceği için çocuk hekimlerinin her başvuran çocuğun boy ve ağırlık ölçümünü yapmasını ve persentillerini değerlendirmesini öneririz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

çocuk, Anne, okul öncesi, ağırlık algısı

Opinions of Mothers About the Weights of Their Preschool Children and Its Relationship with Their Own Body Perceptions

Öz

Objective: Misperception of children’s weight status by their mothers, either lower or higher than it actually is, can lead to incorrect nutrition practices and health problems. This study aimed to evaluate mothers’ perceptions about their children’s weight and their own weight and determine the sociodemographic factors that may influence their perception.

Material and Methods: The research was a cross-sectional study involving 170 children aged 2-5 and their mothers. For the study, mothers’ and children’s heights and weights were measured; questionnaires containing verbal (5-point Likert type scale) and visual scales (Toddler Silhouette Scale for children, Contour Drawing Rating Scale for mothers) were administered to mothers to understand their perception of themselves and their children.

Results: As the children’s weight-for-height percentile increased, the mothers’ accuracy rate in verbal and visual assessment of their children’s weight decreased, making them more prone to underestimate the child’s weight. On verbal scale, mothers of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese children had an accuracy rate of 53.19%, 71.72%, 31.25%, and 0%, respectively, in defining the children’s weight status. On visual scale, these rates were 72.34%, 54.55%, 12.50% and 0%, respectively. Overweight and obese mothers were less accurate than others at verbal and visual self-assessment of their own weight. Verbal and visual self-assessment accuracy rates were 100% and 75% in underweight mothers, 75.36% and 89.86% in mothers with normal weight, 47.46% and 32.20% in overweight mothers, and 34.21% and 23.68% in obese mothers. No significant relation was found between the mothers’ perceptions of their own weight and their children’s weights.

Conclusion: We observed problems related to their mothers’ interpretation of children’s weight status. We could not identify any sociodemographic risk factor that could explain the inaccurate perception of the mothers. Since mothers may not be able to perceive problems related to their child’s weight and express them as problems, we recommend that paediatricians measure each child’s height and weight and evaluate their percentiles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Child, mothers, preschool, weight perception

Teşekkür

We sincerely thank PhD Selen Bozkurt (Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA) for statistical analysis.

Kaynakça

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