Psychology of Religion and Family Studies

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 4, 69 - 99, 30.12.2021

Melike İlerisoy , Ali Ulvi Mehmedoğlu

Öz

It is known that scientific studies examining the relationship between religion and psychology mostly focus on the relationship between religiosity and mental health. However, in parallel with the increase in family studies in psychology, studies on religiosity and family relations have also started to increase in the field of psychology of religion. Results have been presented emphasizing the largely positive effects of religion on marital satisfaction, spousal conflict, parent-child relationship, family responsibilities, divorce, child education and general family functioning. The main purpose of this article is to present the results of family studies in the psychology of religion. In the study, the positive and negative effects of religiosity on family functioning under the headings of couple relationship, parent-child relationship and coping were discussed in the historical development of the relevant literature. Methodologically, the literature on scientific research conducted in America and the Middle East on the subject was reviewed, and the role of religiosity in marriage and family relations was examined by considering the studies carried out in our country. In addition to quantitative studies investigating the relationship between religion and family, qualitative studies that take into account the interpretative focus on how religiosity finds meaning in the individual mind and how it is integrated into family relationships are also included. Although family studies are less discussed in the psychology of religion compared to the individual effects of religiosity, it is seen that the interest in this field has increased especially in the last two decades, the effects of religiosity on the family system have become the subject of many scientific studies, and many empirical relationships have been identified between family and religion variables. The positive results of many studies examining the relationship between religiosity and health have provided the opportunity to consider religiosity from a broader perspective, from the individual to the family. However, researchers state that studies on religion and family life are still in the development stage in many ways. In this article, empirical studies examining the relationship between religiosity and family systems are discussed from a perspective that expands from the individual to the family. The main proposition of the article is that it is important to approach the current studies on the relationship between religion and family life from a holistic perspective, by shedding light on the historical course of family studies that are increasing day by day in the field of the psychology of religion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychology of religion, Family studies, Family psychology, Religiosity and couple relationship, Religious coping

Din Psikolojisi ve Aile Çalışmaları

Öz

Din ve psikoloji arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen bilimsel çalışmaların daha çok dindarlık ve ruh sağlığı arasındaki ilişkilere odaklandığı bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte özellikle psikolojide aile çalışmalarının artmasına paralel olarak din psikolojisi alanında da dindarlık ve aile ilişkilerini ele alan çalışmaların artış gösterdiği görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda evlilik memnuniyeti, eşler arası çatışma, ebeveyn ve çocuk ilişkisi, aile içi sorumluluklar, boşanma, çocuk eğitimi ve genel aile işlevleri üzerine ve dinin büyük ölçüde olumlu etkilerine vurgu yapan sonuçlar ortaya konmuştur. Bu makalenin temel amacı din psikolojisi alanında gerçekleştirilen aile çalışmalarının sonuçlarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada çift ilişkisi, ebeveyn çocuk ilişkisi ve başa çıkma başlıkları altında dindarlığın aile işleyişinde ortaya çıkan olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri ilgili literatürüntarihsel gelişim seyri içerisinde ele alınmıştır. Metodolojik olarak konuyla ilgili Amerika ve Ortadoğu’da yapılmış bilimsel araştırmalara ilişkin literatür taraması yapılmış, ülkemizde yapılan çalışmalar da ele alınarak dindarlığın evlilik ve aile ilişkilerindeki rolü incelenmiştir. Din ve aile ilişkisini araştıran nicel çalışmalara ek olarak özellikle dindarlığın psikolojik olarak nasıl anlamlandırıldığı, aile ilişkilerine nasıl entegre edildiğine dair yorumlayıcı merceği merkeze alan nitel araştırmalara da yer verilmiştir. Din psikolojisinde aile çalışmaları dindarlığın bireysel etkilerine kıyasla daha az ele alınır olmakla birlikte özellikle son yirmi yıldır bu alana ilginin arttığı, dindarlığın aile sistemine olan etkilerinin birçok bilimsel araştırmanın konusu haline geldiği, aile ve din değişkenleri arasında çok sayıda ampirik ilişkinin tespit edildiği görülmektedir. Dindarlık ve sağlık ilişkisini inceleyen çok sayıdaki araştırmanın bu iki olgu arasındaki ilişkiye dair ortaya koyduğu olumlu sonuçlar, dindarlığın bireyden aileye doğru daha geniş bir perspektiften ele alınmasına imkân sağlamıştır. Bununla birlikte araştırmacılar, din ve aile yaşamı üzerine yapılan çalışmaların birçok yönden henüz gelişme aşamasında olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Bu makalede, dindarlık ve aile sistemleri arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen ampirik araştırmalar bireyden aileye doğru genişleyen bir perspektiften elealınmaktadır. Makalenin temel önermesi, din psikoloji alanında gün geçtikçe artan aile çalışmalarının tarihsel seyrine ışık tutarak din ve aile hayatı arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik yapılan güncel çalışmalara bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla yaklaşmanın önemli olduğudur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Din psikolojisi, Aile çalışmaları, Aile psikolojisi, Dindarlık ve çift ilişkisi, Dini başa çıkma

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