Türkiye Sığır Eti Piyasasının Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum ve Gelecek Tahmini

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 253 - 265, 27.12.2023

Nevra Alhas Eroğlu , Mehmet Bozoğlu

https://doi.org/10.61513/tead.1176269

Öz

Türkiye’de sığır eti üretimi son yirmi yıl içinde ciddi miktarda artmakla birlikte piyasa dengesi sağlanamamakta ve fiyatlar sürekli olarak artmaktadır. Sektöre sağlanan destekler ve ithalat ise, ülkenin üretimde kendine yeterliğini sağlamada yeterince etkili olamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2000 yılı sonrası Türkiye’nin sığır eti piyasasının üretim, fiyat, ithalat ve politikalar açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Derleme olan bu çalışmada ilgili literatür, resmi dokümanlar ve zaman serilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre Türkiye’de son yirmi yılda sığır eti üretimi artmış ve sığır etinin toplam kırmızı et üretimi içindeki payı %63’ten %78.3’e yükselmiştir. Üretim maliyetlerini azaltmak amacıyla verilen besi materyali ve yem desteklerine rağmen, yüksek üretim maliyetleri ve fiyat artışı önlenememiştir. Ayrıca, sığır eti-süt paritesi süt sığırcılığındaki karlılığın besi sığırcılığına göre azaldığını ve üreticilerin uzun dönemde besi materyali sıkıntısı yaşayacağını göstermektedir. Hayvancılık desteklerinin karma üretimi teşvik edecek şekilde revize edilmesi ve kooperatifleşmenin maliyetleri azaltıcı ve pazarlama kanallarını iyileştirecek biçimde geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sığır eti, Üretim, Parite, Dış ticaret, Türkiye

An Assessment of Beef Market in Turkey: Current Status and Future Prospects

Öz

Although beef production has substantially increased in the last two decades in Turkey, market balance could not be realized and price of beef have perpetually increased. Self-sufficiency of the country could not be achieved yet in spite of domestic supports and import protection on cattle sector. The objective of this review was to assess the developments in Turkish beef market in terms of production, prices, import and support policies since 2000. The material of this study is related literature, official documents and time series data for beef market. The results of this review indicated that beef production has increased in Turkey in the last two decades and the share of beef in total read meat production has increased from 63% to 78.3%. Although the government has granted some supports in order to lessen the high production costs such as breeding material and feed, high costs and price rises in beef production couldn’t be prevented. Besides, the beef-milk parity highlighted that profitability of dairy farming has lessened in contrast to beef breeding and the producers would confront breeding material problem in the long run. Livestock supports should be revised in order to encourage mixed type of production and unionization should be improved to alleviate costs and enhance marketing channels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

beef, production, parity, foreign trade, Turkey

Kaynakça

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