Determination of Spatial Distribution of Precipitation on Poorly Gauged Coastal Regions: Eastern Black Sea Region

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 0 - 0, 01.01.2017

Ebru Eriş , Necati Ağıralioğlu

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.299125

Cited By: 1

Öz

Determination of
spatial distribution of precipitation has an importance in terms of
hydrological applications and water resources assessment. Particularly, the
effects of orography and coastline on precipitation distribution should be
taken into account in mountainous and/or coastal regions. This necessity is
complicated by the limited number of rain gauges which have also a
nonhomogenous distribution. In this study, it is aimed to determine the spatial
distribution of precipitation for the coastal part of the Eastern Black Sea
Region. It can be said that this study is the first in terms of combination of
precipitation distribution on both hillside and coastal part by using two
different approaches. One of these approaches is the water balance that reflects
the precipitation distribution on hillside. The other one depends on the
regression equations which explains the precipitation variability on coastline
and valleys, for the coastal part of the Eastern Black Sea Region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Precipitation distribution, Eastern Black Sea Region, isohyetal map

Ölçümleri Az Olan Kıyı Bölgelerinde Yağışın Yerel Dağılımının Belirlenmesi: Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi

Öz

Yağışın alandaki dağılımının belirlenmesi, hidrolojik
uygulamaların ve su kaynaklarının doğru değerlendirilmesi açısından büyük önem
taşır. Özellikle dağlık ve/veya kıyı bölgelerde hem orografiyi hem de kıyı
etkilerini yağışın dağılımını belirlemede hesaba katmak gerekebilir. Bu
gerekliliği, dağlık bölgelerde yağış gözlem istasyonlarının az ve düzensiz
olması zorlaştırır. Bu çalışmada da, orografik yağış özelliği gösterdiği
bilinen ve sınırlı sayıda yağış gözlem istasyonuna sahip Doğu Karadeniz
Bölgesinin kıyı kesimi için yağış dağılımının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinin kıyı kesimine ait yamaçlardaki yağış
dağılımının temsilinde su dengesinin, kıyı ve vadilerdeki yağış dağılımının
temsilinde ise regresyon denklemlerinin birleştirilerek kullanılması açısından
bir ilktir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yağış dağılımı, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi, eşyağış haritası

Kaynakça

• Daly C., Neilson R.P. ve Phillips D.L., A statistical-topographic model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 33, 2, 140–158, 1994.
• Tabios III, G.Q. ve Salas, J.D., A comparative analysis of techniques for spatial interpolation of precipitation, Water Resources Bulletin, 21, 3, 265–380, 1985.
• Pardo-Iguzquiza, E., Comparison of geostatistical methods for estimating the areal average climatological rainfall mean using data on precipitation and topography, International Journal of Climatology, 18, 1031-104, 1998.
• Hevesi, J.A., Istok, J.D. ve Flint, A.L., Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics, Part I: structural analysis, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 31, 661–676, 1992a.
• Hevesi, J.A., Istok, J.D. ve Flint, A.L, Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part II: isohyetal maps, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 31, 677–688, 1992b.
• Dirks K.N., Hay J.E., Stow C.D. ve Harris, D., High-resolution studies of rainfall on Norfolk Island, Part II: interpolation of rainfall data, Journal of Hydrology, 208, 3–4, 187–193, 1998.
• Goovaerts, P., Geostatistical approaches for incorporating elevation into the spatial interpolation of rainfall, Journal of Hydrology, 228, 113–129, 2000.
• Lloyd, C. D., Assessing the effect of integrating elevation data into the estimation of monthly precipitation in Great Britain, Journal of Hydrology, 308, 128-150, 2005.
• Basistha A., Arya D.S. ve Goel, N.K., Spatial distribution of rainfall in Indian Himalayas-A case study of Uttarakhand region, Water Resources Management, 22, 1325-1346, 2008.
• Hastenrath, S. L., Rainfall distribution and regime in Central America, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 15, 3, 201-241, 1967.
• Park, J.I. ve Singh, V.P., Temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall in the Nam River dam basin of Korea, Hydrological Processes, 10, 1155-1171, 1996.
• Baker, D.R., Lynn, B.H., Boone, A., Tao, W.K. ve Simpson, J., The influence of soil moisture, coastline curvature, and land-breeze circulations on sea-breeze-initiated precipitation, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2, 2, 193–21, 2001.
• Marquinez, J., Lastra, J. ve Garcia, P., Estimation models for precipitation in mountainous regions: the use of GIS and multivariate analysis, Journal of Hydrology, 270, 1–11, 2003.
• Naoum, S. ve Tsanis, I. K., Orographic precipitation modeling with multiple linear regression, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 9, 2, 79-102, 2004.
• Bostan P. A. ve Akyurek Z., Exploring the mean annual precipitation and temperature values over Turkey by using environmental variables, Poster presentation, ISPRS Joint Workshop: Visualization and Exploration of Geospatial Data, Germany, 2007.
• Ranhao S., Baiping Z. ve Jing, T., A multivariate regression model for predicting precipitation in the Daqing mountains, Mountain Research and Development, 28, 3-4, 318–325, 2008.
• Sun, W., Zhu, Y., Huang, S. Ve Guo, C., Mapping the mean annual precipitation of China using local interpolation techniques, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 119, 1, 171-180, 2015.
• Fekete, B. M., Vörösmarty, C. J. ve Grabs, W., Global composite runoff fields based on observed river discharge and simulated water balances, Documentation for UNH-GRDC Composite Runoff Fields, v.1.0, Global Runoff Data Center, Koblenz, Germany, 2000.
• Adam, J. C., Clark, E. A. ve Lettenmaier, D. P., Correction of global precipitation products for orographic effects, Journal of Climate, 19, 15-38, 2006.
• Xia, Y., Adjustment of global precipitation data for orographic effects using observed annual streamflow and the LaD model, Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, D04106, 2008.
• Eris E. ve Ağıralioğlu, N., Effect of coastline configuration on precipitation distribution in coastal zones, Hydrological Processes, 23, 3610-3618, 2009.
• Eriş, E. ve Ağıralioğlu, N., Kıyı alanlarında kıyı şeklinin yağış dağılımına etkisi, Bildiriler Kitabı, 6. Ulusal Hidroloji Kongresi, 428-438, Denizli, 2010.
• SHODB (Seyir Hidrografi ve Oşinografi Dairesi Başkanlığı), Karadeniz Meteoroloji Atlası, İstanbul; 39, 1991.
• Agiralioglu, N., Cigizoglu, H.K., Yilmaz, L., Coskun, H.G., Aksoy, H., Toprak, Z.F., Eris, E., Alganci, U., Andic, G., Usta, G., Besiktas, M., Ulken, I., Akım ölçümleri olmayan akarsu havzalarında teknik hidroelektrik potansiyelin belirlenmesi, 188, TüBİTAK, Proje No 106M043, 2009.
• Coulibaly, M. ve Becker, S., Spatial interpolation of annual precipitation in South Africa- Comparison and evaluation of methods, Water International, 32 (3), 494-502, 2007.
• Vasiliades, L. ve Loukas, A., Precipitation spatial interpolation methods assessment in Pinios River Basin, Greece, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Enviromental Sicence and Technology, A1523-1530, 2009.
• Kaya, N., Sarımsaklı akarsuyuna olan beslenim miktarının akım gözlemlerinden faydalanarak hesaplanması, DSİ Teknik Bülten, 101, 1-17, 2006.
• Akın M. ve Akın, G., Suyun önemi, Türkiye’de su potansiyeli, su havzaları ve su kirliliği, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 47, 2, 105-118, 2007.
• Huang, W.C. ve Yang, F.T, Streamflow estimation using Kriging, Water Resources Research, 34, 6, 1599-1608, 1998.
• Turc, L., Le Bilan D’eau des sols. Relation entre les precipitation, l’evaporation et l’ecoulement, Annales Agronomique, 5, 491– 595, 1954.
• Pike, J. G., Estimation of annual run-off from meteorological data in tropical climate, Journal of Hydrology, 2, 2, 116-123, 1964.
• Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., Smith, M., Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1998.
• Bozkurt, D., Turuncuoglu, U., Sen, O.L., Onol, B., Dalfes, H.N., Downsclaed simulations of the ECHAM5, CCSM3 and HadCM3 global models for the eastern Mediterranean-Black Sea region: evaluation of the reference period, Climate Dynamics, 39, 207-225, 2012.