Türkiye Kentsel Katı Atık Kompozisyonunun Kayma Mukavemeti Özellikleri ve Şev Duraylılığının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 7703 - 7724, 01.01.2017

Hasan Fırat Pulat , Yeliz Yükselen Aksoy

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.299128

Cited By: 2

Öz

Gelişen dünya nüfusuna
paralel olarak kentsel katı atık miktarı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Mühendislik
özellikleri iyi tanımlanmamış katı atıklar ile yapılan kontrolsüz depolamalar
sonucu oluşan göçmeler can güvenliğini tehlikeye atmakta ve büyük ekonomik kayıplara
neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada laboratuvar koşullarında belirli
kompozisyonlarda sentetik olarak üretilmiş ve doğal atık depolama sahasından
alınmış taze ve yıllanmış kentsel katı atık (KKA) numunelerinin doğal su
içeriği, organik madde miktarı, özgül ağırlık ve pH değerleri belirlenmiştir.
Doğal ve sentetik KKA numunelerinin kayma mukavemeti parametreleri büyük
ölçekli direk kesme cihazıyla belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen mühendislik
parametreleri kullanılarak mevcut ve tasarlanmış KKA şevlerinin duraylılık
analizleri yapılarak statik ve dinamik koşullar altında güvenlik sayıları
belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen Türkiye KKA kompozisyonuna ait
mühendislik parametreleri ve duraylılık analizleri sonuçları kullanılarak,
Türkiye’de daha güvenli ve ekonomik KKA depolama sahalarının tasarımı
yapılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye kentsel katı atık kompozisyonu, kayma mukavemeti, yıllanma, kompozisyon, duraylılık

Investigation of Shear Strength and Slope Stability of Turkish Municipal Solid Waste Composition

Öz

In parallel with
the developing world population, the amount of urban solid waste increases day
by day. Uncontrolled storage of solid wastes with poorly
defined engineering properties can result in a risk of life safety and serious
economic loss. In this study, natural water content, organic matter content,
specific gravity and pH values of the synthetic waste (with pre-determined
compositions) and natural waste samples were investigated in laboratory
conditions. Shear strength parameters of the synthetic and natural municipal
solid waste (MSW) samples were determined by using a large scale direct shear
test system. The slope stability analyses were conducted for present slopes at
static and dynamic conditions and the factor of safety values were obtained.
The obtained Turkey MSW composition engineering parameters can be used in the
design of safe and economical MSW storage areas in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Municipal solid waste, shear strength, ageing, composition, slope stability

Kaynakça

• Zekkos, D., Evaluation of Static and Dinamic Properties of Municipal Solid Waste, Ph.D. Thesis, Berkeley, California, 2005.
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), Bölgesel İstatistikler, İnternet adresi: www.tuik.gov.tr, 2010.
• Mazzucato, A., Simonini, P., Colomo, S., Analysis of Block Slide in a MSW landfill, In: Proceedings Sardinia 99, 7th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Cagliari, Italy, 4–8 October 1999.
• Kavazanjian, E., Matasovic, N., Bachus, R.C., Large-diameter Static and Cyclic Laboratory Testing of Municipal Solid Waste, In: Proceedings Sardinia 99, 7th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Cagliari, Italy, 4–8 October 1999.
• Zhan, T.L.T., Chen, Y.M., Ling, W.A., Shear Strength Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste at the Suzhou Landfill, China, Eng Geol., 97, 97-111, 2008.
• Kölsch, F., The Influence of Fibrous Constituents on Shear Strength of Municipal Solid Waste, Ph.D. Thesis, Technische Universitat Braunschweig Brauschweig, Germany Leichtweiss-Institut, 1996.
• Langer, U., Shear and Compression Behaviour of Undegraded Municipal Solid Waste, Ph,D, Thesis, Loughborough University, England, 2005.
• Landva, A.O., Clark, J., Geotechnical Testing of Waste Fill, Proceedings of 39th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Ottawa, Ontario, 371-385, 1986.
• Kölsch, F., Material Values for Some Mechanical Properties of Domestic Waste, Proceedings of the 5th International Landfill Symposiumin Sardinia, Italy, 2-6 October 1995.
• Landva, A.O., Clark, J.I., Geotechnics of Waste Fill, Geotechnics of Waste Fills-Theory and Practice, ASTM STP 1070, In: Landv A., Knowles D (eds) American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 86–103, 1990.
• Singh, S., Murphy, B., Evaluation of the Stability of Sanitary Landfills, Geotechnics of Waste Landfills - Theory and Practice, Landva, A. and Knowles, G.D., Editors, ASTM Special Publication 1070, Proceedings of Symposium Held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 240-258, 1990.
• Withiam, J,L., Bushell, T.D., Germann, H.W., Prediction and Performance of Municipal Landfill Slope, In: Proceedings of Specialty Conference Geoenvironment 2000, Geotechnical Special Publication 46 (2), 1005–1019, New Orleans, LA, 1995.
• Oweis, I.S., Khera, R.P., Geotechnology of Waste Management, Second Edition, Cengage Learning, Butterworths, Kent, England, 1998.
• Turczynski, U., Geotechnical Aspects of Building Multicomponent Landfills, Ph.D. Thesis, Bergakademie, Freiberg (Sachsen), Germany, 1988.
• Kölsch, F., and Ziehmann, N., Landfill Stability – Risks and Challenges, Waste Management World, Issue: May-June, ISWA, Copenhagen, 2004.
• Bogner, J.E., Reddy, K., Spokas, K., Dynamic Water Balance Aspects of Bioreactor Landfills, Proceedings Sardina International Solid and Hazardous Waste Symposium, Calgary, Sardinia, 2001.
• ÇOB (T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı), 2006, Atıkların Düzenli Depolanmasına Dair Yönetmelik, T,C, Resmi Gazetesi No:27533, Tarih: 26,03,2010.
• Aykol, K., Evsel Katı Atıkların Geoteknik Özelliklerinin Modellenmesi, Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008.
• Gören, S., Sanitary Landfill, Forart Matbaası,, İstanbul, 2006.
• Pulat, H.F., Kentsel Katı Atıkların Geoteknik Karakterizasyonu ve Duraylılığının İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 2014.
• ASTM D854-14, Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014.
• Babu Sivakumar, G.L, Reddy, K.R, Chouksey S.K., Constitutive Model for Municipal Solid Waste Incorporating Mechanical Creep and Biodegradation-Induced Compression, Waste Manag., 30(1), 11-22, 2010.
• Reddy, K.R., Hettiarachchi, H., Parakalla, N.S., Gangathulasi, J., Bogner, J.E., Geotechnical Properties of Fresh Municipal Solid Waste at Orchard Hills Landfill, USA, Waste Manag,, 29 (2), 952-959, 2009.
• ASTM D2216-10, Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.
• ASTM-D 2974-14, Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014.
• Kocasoy, G., Atıksu Arıtma Çamuru ve Katı Atık ve Kompost Örneklerinin Analiz Yöntemleri, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1994.
• ASTM D3080-11, Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.
• Zekkos, D., Bray, J., Kavazanjian, E., Matasovic, N., Rathje, E., Riemer, M., Unit Weight of Municipal Solid Waste, J, of Geotech, and Geoenvir Engrg. 132(10), 1250-1261, 2006.
• Stark, T.D., Eid, H.T., Evans, W.D., Sherry, P.E., Municipal Solid Waste Slope Failure, II: Stability Analyses, J, Geotech, and Geoenvir, Engrg., 126(5), 408-419, 2000.
• Kölsch, F., Stability Analysis According to Different Shear Strength Concepts, 2nd International Workshop HPM, Southampton, 2007.
• Huvaj-Sarihan, N., Stark, T.D., Back Analyses of Landfill Slope Failures, 6th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering and Symposium in Honor of Professor James K. Mitchell, 2008.
• Kölsch, F., Shear Strength of Waste, Third International Workshop on Hydro-Physico-Mechanics of Landfills, Braunschweig, Germany, 10 - 13 March 2009.