Improvement on Flexural Performance of UHPFRC with Hybrid Steel Fiber
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 31 Sayı: 6, 10379 - 10397, 01.11.2020
Altuğ Yavaş
Tamer Birol
,
Kaan Türker
,
Umut Hasgül
,
Halit Yazıcı
Öz
This study investigates the flexural behavior of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with hybrid steel fiber referencing the ASTM standard C 1609. Two types of end-hooked fibers in macro fiber concretes and one type short straight fiber in micro fiber concretes were used in mono and hybrid forms. In order to determine the flexural response of UHPFRC, a series of prismatic beam specimens with a dimension of 100 x 100 x 400 mm were tested under the four-point loading and following parameters were compared and discussed in terms of the first cracking load and pattern, flexural strength, deflection capacity, toughness and residual strength capacity under bending loads. The test results showed that as the fiber amount of specimens with the mono fiber increases, in general, better flexural behavior may be ensured. It should be also noted that the hybrid use enhanced the flexural behavior compared to the macro fiber usage.
Kaynakça
- [1] Brandt, A. M., Fibre Reinforced Cement-Based (FRC) Composites after Over 40 Years of Development in Building and Civil Engineering. Composite Structures, 86 1–3, 3-9, 2008.
- [2] Banthia, N., Nandakumar, N., Crack Growth Resistance Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites. Cement & Concrete Composites, 25, 1, 3-9, 2003.
- [3] Won, J. P., Hong, B. T., Choi, T. J., Lee, S. J., Kang, J. W., Flexural Behaviour of Amorphous Micro-Steel Fibre-Reinforced Cement Composites. Composite Structures, 94, 4, 1443-1449, 2012.
- [4] Wille, K., Naaman, A. E., El-Tawil, S., Parra-Montesinos, G. J., Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Achieving Strength and Ductility without Heat Curing. Materials and Structures, 45, 3, 309-324, 2012.
- [5] Kim, D. J., Park, S. H., Ryu, G. S., Koh, K. T., Comparative Flexural Behavior of Hybrid Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Different Macro Fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 25, 11, 4144-4155, 2011.
- [6] Yazıcı, H., The Effect of Curing Conditions on Compressive Strength of Ultra High Strength Concrete with High Volume Mineral Admixtures. Building and Environment, 42, 5, 2083-2089, 2007.
- [7] Yazıcı, H., Yiğiter, H., Karabulut, A. Ş., Baradan, B., Utilization of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as an Alternative Silica Source in Reactive Powder Concrete. Fuel, 87, 12, 2401-2407, 2008.
- [8] Yazıcı, H., Yardımcı, M. Y., Aydın, S., Karabulut, A. S., Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Containing Mineral Admixtures under Different Curing Regimes. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 3, 1223-1231, 2009.
- [9] Yazıcı, H., Yardımcı, M. Y., Yiğiter, H., Aydın, S., Türkel, S., Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Containing High Volumes of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag. Cement and Concrete Composites, 32, 8, 639-648, 2010.
- [10] Wang, C., Yang, C., Liu, F., Wan, C., Pu, X., Preparation of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Common Technology and Materials. Cement and Concrete Composites, 34, 4, 538-544, 2012.
- [11] Yang, S. L., Millard, S. G., Soutsos, M. N., Barnett, S. J., Le, T. T., Influence of Aggregate and Curing Regime on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). Construction and Building Materials, 23, 6, 2291-2298, 2009.
- [12] Wille, K., Naaman, A. E., Parra-Montesinos, G. J., Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Compressive Strength Exceeding 150 MPa (22 ksi): A Simpler Way. ACI Materials Journal, 108, 1, 46-54, 2011.
- [13] Fehling. E., Schmidt, M., Walraven, J., Leutbecher, T., Frönlich, S., Ultra-High Performance Concrete UHPC: Fundamentals, Design, Examples, Beton-Kalender. Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, 2014.
- [14] AFGC: Recommendation: Ultra High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concretes, Revised ed. Association Française de Génie Civil, Service D’études Techniques Des Routes et Autoroutes, 2013.
- [15] JSCE: Recommendations for Design and Construction of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites with Multiple Fine Cracks (HPFRCC), Concrete Engineering Series 82, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2008.
- [16] JSCE: Recommendations for Design and Construction of Ultra-High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete Structures (Draft), JSCE Guidelines for Concrete No. 9, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2006.
- [17] Russell, H. G., Graybeal, B. A., Ultra-High Performance Concrete: A State-of-the-Art Report for the Bridge Community, FHWA-HRT-13-060, U.S. Department of Transportation, 2013.
- [18] Wille. K., Kim, D. J., Naaman, A. E., Strain-Hardening UHP-FRC with Low Fiber Contents. Materials and Structures, 44, 3, 583-598, 2011.
- [19] Banthia, N., Sappakittipakorn, M., Toughness Enhancement in Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete through Fiber Hybridization. Cement and Concrete Research, 37, 9, 1366-1372, 2007.
- [20] Rossi, P., Antonio, A., Parant, E., Fakhri, P., Bending and Compressive Behaviors of a New Cement Composite. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 1, 27-33, 2005.
- [21] Rossi, P., High Performance Multimodal Fibre Reinforced Cement Composite (HPMFRCC): The LCPC Experience. ACI Materials Journal, 94, 6, 478-483, 1997.
- [22] Rambo, D. A. S., Silva, F. D. A., Filho, R. D. T., Mechanical Behavior of Hybrid Steel-Fiber Self-Consolidating Concrete: Materials and Structural Aspects. Materials and Design, 54, 2-42, 2014.
- [23] Sorelli, L. G., Meda, A., Plizzari, G. A., Bending and Uniaxial Tensile Tests on Concrete Reinforced with Hybrid Steel Fibers. Journal of Material in Civil Engineering, 17, 5, 519-527, 2005.
- [24] Sahmaran, M., Yaman, I. O., Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete with a High-Volume Coarse Fly Ash. Construction and Building Materials, 21, 1, 150-156, 2007.
- [25] Akcay, B., Tasdemir, M. A., Mechanical Behaviour and Fibre Dispersion of Hybrid Steel Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 28, 1, 287-293, 2012.
- [26] Banthia, N., Gupta, R., Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HyFRC): Fiber Synergy. Materials and Structures, 37, 10, 707-716, 2004.
- [27] Nehdi, M., Ladanchuk, J. D., Fiber Synergy in Fiber-Reinforced Self-Consolidating Concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 101, 6, 508-517, 2004.
- [28] Chen, Y., Qiao, P., Crack Growth Resistance of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Cement Matrix Composites, Journal of Aerospace Engineering. Special Issue: Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 24, 2, 154-161, 2011.
- [29] Ahmed, S. F. U., Maalej, M., Paramasivam, P., Flexural Responses of Hybrid Steel-Polyethylene Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites Containing High Volume Fly Ash. Construction and Building Materials, 21, 5, 1088-1097, 2007.
- [30] Yao, W., Li, J., Wu, K., Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete at Low Fiber Volume Fraction. Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 1, 27-30, 2003.
- [31] Sivakumar, A., Santhanam, M., Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete Reinforced with Metallic and Non-Metallic Fibres. Cement and Concrete Composites, 29, 8, 603-608, 2007.
- [32] Dawood, E. T., Ramli, M., Mechanical Properties of High Strength Flowing Concrete with Hybrid Fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 28, 1, 193-200, 2012.
- [33] ASTM C 1609 / C 1609M-05: Structural Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam with Third Point Loading), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2006.
- [34] Birol, T., Investigation of Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete, PhD Thesis (in Turkish), Balikesir University, Turkey, 2016.
- [35] Ye, Y., Hu, S., Daio, B., Yang, S., Liu, Z., Mechanical Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Reinforced with Hybrid Different Shapes of Steel Fiber, 12th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals: Multimodal Transportation Systems - Convenient, Safe, Cost-Effective, Efficient, CICTP 2012, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pages 3017-3028, Beijing, China, 2012.
Improvement on Flexural Performance of UHPFRC with Hybrid Steel Fiber
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 31 Sayı: 6, 10379 - 10397, 01.11.2020
Altuğ Yavaş
Tamer Birol
,
Kaan Türker
,
Umut Hasgül
,
Halit Yazıcı
Öz
This study investigates the flexural behavior of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with hybrid steel fiber referencing the ASTM standard C 1609. Two types of end-hooked fibers in macro fiber concretes and one type short straight fiber in micro fiber concretes were used in mono and hybrid forms. In order to determine the flexural response of UHPFRC, a series of prismatic beam specimens with a dimension of 100 x 100 x 400 mm were tested under the four-point loading and following parameters were compared and discussed in terms of the first cracking load and pattern, flexural strength, deflection capacity, toughness and residual strength capacity under bending loads. The test results showed that as the fiber amount of specimens with the mono fiber increases, in general, better flexural behavior may be ensured. It should be also noted that the hybrid use enhanced the flexural behavior compared to the macro fiber usage.
Kaynakça
- [1] Brandt, A. M., Fibre Reinforced Cement-Based (FRC) Composites after Over 40 Years of Development in Building and Civil Engineering. Composite Structures, 86 1–3, 3-9, 2008.
- [2] Banthia, N., Nandakumar, N., Crack Growth Resistance Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites. Cement & Concrete Composites, 25, 1, 3-9, 2003.
- [3] Won, J. P., Hong, B. T., Choi, T. J., Lee, S. J., Kang, J. W., Flexural Behaviour of Amorphous Micro-Steel Fibre-Reinforced Cement Composites. Composite Structures, 94, 4, 1443-1449, 2012.
- [4] Wille, K., Naaman, A. E., El-Tawil, S., Parra-Montesinos, G. J., Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Achieving Strength and Ductility without Heat Curing. Materials and Structures, 45, 3, 309-324, 2012.
- [5] Kim, D. J., Park, S. H., Ryu, G. S., Koh, K. T., Comparative Flexural Behavior of Hybrid Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Different Macro Fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 25, 11, 4144-4155, 2011.
- [6] Yazıcı, H., The Effect of Curing Conditions on Compressive Strength of Ultra High Strength Concrete with High Volume Mineral Admixtures. Building and Environment, 42, 5, 2083-2089, 2007.
- [7] Yazıcı, H., Yiğiter, H., Karabulut, A. Ş., Baradan, B., Utilization of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as an Alternative Silica Source in Reactive Powder Concrete. Fuel, 87, 12, 2401-2407, 2008.
- [8] Yazıcı, H., Yardımcı, M. Y., Aydın, S., Karabulut, A. S., Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Containing Mineral Admixtures under Different Curing Regimes. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 3, 1223-1231, 2009.
- [9] Yazıcı, H., Yardımcı, M. Y., Yiğiter, H., Aydın, S., Türkel, S., Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Containing High Volumes of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag. Cement and Concrete Composites, 32, 8, 639-648, 2010.
- [10] Wang, C., Yang, C., Liu, F., Wan, C., Pu, X., Preparation of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Common Technology and Materials. Cement and Concrete Composites, 34, 4, 538-544, 2012.
- [11] Yang, S. L., Millard, S. G., Soutsos, M. N., Barnett, S. J., Le, T. T., Influence of Aggregate and Curing Regime on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). Construction and Building Materials, 23, 6, 2291-2298, 2009.
- [12] Wille, K., Naaman, A. E., Parra-Montesinos, G. J., Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Compressive Strength Exceeding 150 MPa (22 ksi): A Simpler Way. ACI Materials Journal, 108, 1, 46-54, 2011.
- [13] Fehling. E., Schmidt, M., Walraven, J., Leutbecher, T., Frönlich, S., Ultra-High Performance Concrete UHPC: Fundamentals, Design, Examples, Beton-Kalender. Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, 2014.
- [14] AFGC: Recommendation: Ultra High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concretes, Revised ed. Association Française de Génie Civil, Service D’études Techniques Des Routes et Autoroutes, 2013.
- [15] JSCE: Recommendations for Design and Construction of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites with Multiple Fine Cracks (HPFRCC), Concrete Engineering Series 82, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2008.
- [16] JSCE: Recommendations for Design and Construction of Ultra-High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete Structures (Draft), JSCE Guidelines for Concrete No. 9, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2006.
- [17] Russell, H. G., Graybeal, B. A., Ultra-High Performance Concrete: A State-of-the-Art Report for the Bridge Community, FHWA-HRT-13-060, U.S. Department of Transportation, 2013.
- [18] Wille. K., Kim, D. J., Naaman, A. E., Strain-Hardening UHP-FRC with Low Fiber Contents. Materials and Structures, 44, 3, 583-598, 2011.
- [19] Banthia, N., Sappakittipakorn, M., Toughness Enhancement in Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete through Fiber Hybridization. Cement and Concrete Research, 37, 9, 1366-1372, 2007.
- [20] Rossi, P., Antonio, A., Parant, E., Fakhri, P., Bending and Compressive Behaviors of a New Cement Composite. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 1, 27-33, 2005.
- [21] Rossi, P., High Performance Multimodal Fibre Reinforced Cement Composite (HPMFRCC): The LCPC Experience. ACI Materials Journal, 94, 6, 478-483, 1997.
- [22] Rambo, D. A. S., Silva, F. D. A., Filho, R. D. T., Mechanical Behavior of Hybrid Steel-Fiber Self-Consolidating Concrete: Materials and Structural Aspects. Materials and Design, 54, 2-42, 2014.
- [23] Sorelli, L. G., Meda, A., Plizzari, G. A., Bending and Uniaxial Tensile Tests on Concrete Reinforced with Hybrid Steel Fibers. Journal of Material in Civil Engineering, 17, 5, 519-527, 2005.
- [24] Sahmaran, M., Yaman, I. O., Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete with a High-Volume Coarse Fly Ash. Construction and Building Materials, 21, 1, 150-156, 2007.
- [25] Akcay, B., Tasdemir, M. A., Mechanical Behaviour and Fibre Dispersion of Hybrid Steel Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 28, 1, 287-293, 2012.
- [26] Banthia, N., Gupta, R., Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HyFRC): Fiber Synergy. Materials and Structures, 37, 10, 707-716, 2004.
- [27] Nehdi, M., Ladanchuk, J. D., Fiber Synergy in Fiber-Reinforced Self-Consolidating Concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 101, 6, 508-517, 2004.
- [28] Chen, Y., Qiao, P., Crack Growth Resistance of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Cement Matrix Composites, Journal of Aerospace Engineering. Special Issue: Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 24, 2, 154-161, 2011.
- [29] Ahmed, S. F. U., Maalej, M., Paramasivam, P., Flexural Responses of Hybrid Steel-Polyethylene Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites Containing High Volume Fly Ash. Construction and Building Materials, 21, 5, 1088-1097, 2007.
- [30] Yao, W., Li, J., Wu, K., Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete at Low Fiber Volume Fraction. Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 1, 27-30, 2003.
- [31] Sivakumar, A., Santhanam, M., Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete Reinforced with Metallic and Non-Metallic Fibres. Cement and Concrete Composites, 29, 8, 603-608, 2007.
- [32] Dawood, E. T., Ramli, M., Mechanical Properties of High Strength Flowing Concrete with Hybrid Fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 28, 1, 193-200, 2012.
- [33] ASTM C 1609 / C 1609M-05: Structural Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam with Third Point Loading), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2006.
- [34] Birol, T., Investigation of Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete, PhD Thesis (in Turkish), Balikesir University, Turkey, 2016.
- [35] Ye, Y., Hu, S., Daio, B., Yang, S., Liu, Z., Mechanical Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Reinforced with Hybrid Different Shapes of Steel Fiber, 12th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals: Multimodal Transportation Systems - Convenient, Safe, Cost-Effective, Efficient, CICTP 2012, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pages 3017-3028, Beijing, China, 2012.