PA6/SILVER BLENDS: INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING BEHAVIOUR OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 229 - 235, 01.10.2018

Erhan Sancak Mustafa Sabri Ozen Ramazan Erdem Ali Can Yılmaz , Metin Yuksek Navneet Soın Tahir Shah

Abstract

PA6 nanofibrous membranes containing different amount of silver nanoparticles AgNP (0wt.%, 1wt.% and 2wt.%) were fabricated by a basic electrospinning set up that includes “top to bottom” feeding system. Morphology of the membranes was observed with SEM analysis. Beadless and almost uniform nanofibers were yielded with the average fiber size ranged from 174 nm to 238 nm. Mechanical tests were also carried out in order to explore the tensile and elongation properties of the electrospun membranes, and it was noticed that the increased amount of AgNP in the blends decreased the mechanical performance of the membranes. In addition, fiber size distribution, feeding direction and agglomeration of AgNp were highly influent factors on both morphology and mechanical characteristics of the membranes. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of the electrospun nanofibrous membranes was determined according to the ASTM D4935-10 protocol by using coaxial transmission line measurement technique in the frequency range of 15–3000 MHz. It was observed that the membrane containing 2wt.% AgNP performed better EMSE than the others. 

Keywords

Electrospinning, EMSE, nanofiber, nano silver, mechanical strength

References

• 1. Frenot A. and Chronakis I. S., 2003, “Polymer nanofibers assembled by electrospinning”, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.,Vol: 8, pp: 64–75.
• 2. Huang Z. M., Zhang Y. Z., Kotaki M. And Ramakrishna S., 2003, “A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites”, Compos. Sci. Tech.,Vol: 63, pp: 2223–2253.
• 3. Lin T.,2011, “Nanofibers Production, Properties and Functional Applications”, InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, ISBN 9789533074207, 468 p.
• 4. Erdem R., Usta I., Akalin M., Atak O., Yuksek M. And Pars A., 2015, “The impact of solvent type and mixing ratios of solvents on the properties of polyurethane based electrospun nanofibers”, Appl. Surf. Sci.,Vol: 334, pp: 227–230.
• 5. Erdem R. and Akalin M., 2015,“Characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial properties of electrospun chitosan/PEO based nanofibrous scaffolds (with/withoutnanosilver)”, J. Ind. Text.,Vol: 44, pp: 553–571.
• 6. Erdem R., Yüksek M., Sancak E., Atak O., Erginer M., Kabasakal L., et al., 2017, “Electrospinning of single and multilayered scaffolds for tissue engineering applications”, J.of Tex. Ins., Vol: 108, pp: 935-946.
• 7. Erdem R., Ilhan M., Ekmekci M. K. and Erdem O., 2017,“Electrospinning, preparation and photoluminescence properties of CoNb2O6:Dy3+incorporated polyamide 6 composite fibers”, Appl. Surf. Sci.,Vol: 421, pp: 240-246.
• 8. Budun S., Isgoren E., Erdem R. and Yuksek M., 2016, “Morphological and mechanical analysis of electrospun shape memory polymer fibers”, Appl. Surf. Sci.,Vol: 380, pp: 294-300.
• 9. Erdem R., 2016, “Evaluation of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of multi-axial fabrics and their reinforced PES composites”, Bulletin of Materials Science, Vol: 39, pp: 963-970.
• 10. Ozen M. S., Sancak E., Beyit A., Usta I. and Akalın M., 2013,“Investigation of electromagnetic shielding properties of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics with stainless steel and polyester fiber”, Text. Res. J., Vol: 83, pp: 849.
• 11. Cheng K. B., Ramakrishna S. and Lee K. C., 2000, “Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of copper/glass fiber knitted fabric reinforced polypropylene composites”, Composites Part A: App. Sci. and Man., Vol: 31, pp: 1039-1045.
• 12. Wang Y.Y. and Jing X. L., 2005,“Intrinsically conducting polymers for electromagnetic interference shielding”, Polym. Advan. Technol.,Vol: 16, pp: 344.
• 13. Chen H.C., Lee K.C., Lin J.H. and Koch M., 2007,“Fabrication of conductive woven fabric and analysis of electromagnetic shielding via measurement and empirical equation”, J. Mater. Process. Technol., Vol: 184, pp: 124-130.
• 14. Erdem R., llhan M. and Sancak E., 2016, “Analysis of EMSE and mechanical properties of sputter coated electrospun nanofiber”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol: 380, pp: 326–330.
• 15. Kim H., Kim B. and Kim I., 2012, “Fabrication and EMI shielding effectiveness of Ag-decorated highly porous poly(vinyl alcohol)/Fe2O3nanofibrous composites”, Mat. Chem. and Phy., Vol: 135, pp: 1024-1029.
• 16. Chiscan O., Dumitru I., Tura V. and Chiriac H., 2011,“High frequency absorption of PVC/Iron oxides and PVC/CoFe2O4/CoO nanofibers produced by electrospinning technique”, IEEE Trans. on Magnet., Vol: 47, pp: 4511-4516.
• 17. Fu Y., Liu L., Zhang L. and Wang W., 2014, “Highly conductive one-dimensional nanofibers: silvered electrospun silica nanofibers via poly(dopamine) functionalization”, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter., Vol: 6, pp: 5105−5112.
• 18. Kim H., Fujimori K., Kim B. and Kim I., 2012, “Lightweight nanofibrous EMI shielding nanowebs prepared by electrospinning and metallization”, Comp. Sci. and Tech.,Vol: 72, pp: 1233–1239.
• 19. Gray R.B. and Pa E., 1949, “US Pattern”, Pub. No. 2695275.
• 20. Guo L. and DeWeerth S.P., 2010,“High-density stretchable electronics: toward an integrated multilayer composite”, Wiley.
• 21. Nadel S.J., 1987,“Durability of Ag based low‐emissivity coatings”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. Vol: 5, pp: 2709.
• 22. Koike K., Yamazaki F., Okamura T. and Fukuda S., 2007,“Improvement of corrosion resistance of transparent conductive multilayer coating consisting of silver layers and transparent metal oxide layers”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., Vol:25, pp: 527.
• 23. Hutchison M.M. and Honeycombe R.W.K, 1967,“Solution-hardening in silver-base alloys”, Met. Sci., Vol: 1, pp: 70.
• 24. Lee J.Y., Connor S.T., Cui Y. and Peumans P., 2008, “Solution-processed metal nanowire mesh transparent electrodes”, Nano Lett., Vol: 8, pp: 689-692.
• 25. Wu H.P., Liu J.F:, Wu X.J., Ge M.Y., Wang Y.W., Zhang G.Q. and Jiang J.Z., 2006,“High conductivity of isotropic conductive adhesives filled with silver nanowires”, Int. J. Adhesions Adhesives, Vol:
• 26, pp: 617. 26. Hu L. B., Kim H. S., Lee J. Y., Peumans P. and Cui Y., 2010, “Scalable coating and properties of transparent, flexible, silver nanowire electrodes , ACS Nano, Vol: 4, pp: 2955-2963.
• 27. Madaria A.R., Kumar A., Ishikawa F.N. and Zhou C.G., 2010, “Uniform, highly conductive, and patterned transparent films of a percolating silver nanowire network on rigid and flexible substrates using a dry transfer technique”, Nano Res., Vol: 3, pp: 564-573.
• 28. Park S. H., Barish R., Li H., Reif J. H., Finkelstein G., Yan H. and LaBean T.H., 2005, “Three-helix bundle DNA tiles self-assemble into 2D lattice or 1D templates for silver nanowires”, Nano Lett., Vol: 5, pp: 693-696.
• 29. Xia J., Wei C. and Zhang P.W., 2007, “High-order DGTD methods for dispersive Maxwell's equations and modelling of silver nanowire coupling”, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.,Vol: 69, pp: 308.
• 30. Yu Y.H., Ma C., Teng C., Huang Y., Lee S., Wang I. and Wei M., 2012,“Electrical, morphological, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of silver nanowires and nanoparticles conductive composites”, Mat. Chem. and Phy., Vol: 136, pp: 334-340.
• 31. Coran A.Y. and Patel R., 1980, “Rubber-thermoplastic compositions. Part II. NBR-Nylon thermoplastic elastomeric compositions”, Rubber. Chem. Technol., Vol:53, pp: 781-794.
• 32. George J., Neelakantan N. R., Varughese K. T. and Thomas S.J., 2006, “Failure properties of thermoplastic elastomers from polyethylene/nitrile rubber blends: Effect of blend ratio, dynamic vulcanization, and filler incorporation”, Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol: 100, pp: 2912-2929.
• 33. Gomes A., Soares B., Oliveira M.G., Oliveira M.F. and Paranhos C.M., 2009, “PA6/NBR blends: improvement of processability and mechanical properties”, e-polymers, Vol:9, pp: 106.
• 34. Chen H.C., Lee K.C., Lin J.H. and Koc M., 2007,“Comparison of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness properties of diverse conductive textiles via various measurement techniques”, J. of Mater. Proc. Tech., Vol: 192-193, pp: 549-554.
• 35. “Standard test method for measuring the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of planar materials”, 2010, ASTM Standard D 4935–10, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA. 1-10.
• 36. Su C.I. and Chern J.T., 2004, “Effect of stainless steel-containing fabrics on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness”, Tex. Res. J., Vol: 7, pp: 51-54.
• 37. FTTS-FA-003, 2005,“Test method of specified requirements of electromagnetic shielding textiles”, Committee for Conformity Assessment on Accreditation and Certification of Functional and Technical Textiles: Taiwan, 1–4.
• 38. Doshi J. and Reneker D. H., 1995, “Electrospinning process and applications of electrospun fibers”, J. of Elec., Vol: 35, pp: 151-160.
• 39. Fong H., Chun I. And Reneker D.H., 1999, “Beaded nanofibers formed during electrospinning”, Polymer, Vol: 40, pp: 4585-4592.
• 40. Lin T., Wang H., Wang H. And Wang X., 2004, “The charge effect of cationic surfactants on the elimination of fibre beads in the electrospinning of polystyrene”, Nanotech., Vol: 15, pp: 1375–1381.
• 41. Yarin A. L., Koombhongse S. and Reneker D.H., 2001,“Taylor cone and jetting from liquid droplets in electrospinning of nanofibers”, J. of Appl. Phy., Vol: 90, pp: 4836-4846.
• 42. An J., Zhang H.,Zhang J., Zhao Y. And Yuan X., 2009, “Preparation and antibacterial activity of electrospun chitosan/poly(ethyleneoxide) membranes containing silver nanoparticles”, Colloid and Poly. Sci., Vol: 287, pp: 1425–1434.
• 43. Wang X., Cheng F., Gao J. And Wang L., 2015, “Antibacterial wound dressing from chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers mats embedded with silver nanoparticles”, J. of Biomat. Appl.,Vol:29, pp: 1086–1095.
• 44. Demirsoy N., Ucar N., Onen A., Kızıldag N., 2015, “Nanocomposite Nanofibers of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Electrospun from Dimethylsulfoxide”, Marmara Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Special Issue 1, 16-18.
• 45. Chen, J. Y.; Chen, H. C.; Lin, J. N.; Kuo, C. Effects of Polymer Media on Electrospun Mesoporous Titania Nanofibers. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2008, 107, 480−487.
• 46. Shui, J.; Li, J. C. M. Platinum Nanowires Produced by Electrospinning. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1307−1314.
• 47. Hung-Tao Chen, Hsiu-Ling Lin, In-Gann Chen, and Changshu Kuo, Conducting Silver Networks Based on Electrospun Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Silver Trifluoroacetate, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 9479−9485.