SİYASET BİLİMİ VE KAMU YÖNETİMİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN AFET OKURYAZARLIK DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 437 - 453, 15.10.2024

Galip Usta , İbrahim Halil Çelik , Gürkan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1331205

Öz

Afet okuryazarlığı kişilerin afet yönetim süreçlerinde doğru kararlar alabilmesine zemin hazırlayan bilgiyi alma, okuma, anlama ve doğru bir şekilde kullanma düzeyi olarak ifade edilebilir. Yapılan bu çalışmada Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi öğrencilerinin afet okuryazarlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın evren ve örneklemini bir üniversitenin Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Programına kayıtlı öğrenciler oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın verileri 05.12.2022-07.02.2023 tarihleri arasında anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma ilgili programa kayıtlı 149 katılımcıdan, 107 (Evrenin %72’si) kişinin katılımı ile tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcıların zarar azaltma puanları ile sınıf düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Birinci sınıfta olanların, dördüncü sınıfta olanlara göre zarar azaltma puanlarının anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yaş ile zarar azaltma, hazırlık, müdahale, iyileştirme ve afet okuryazarlık puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilememiştir (p>0.05). Cinsiyet ile zarar azaltma, hazırlık, müdahale ve iyileştirme puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamaktadır (p>0.05). Elde edilen bulgulara göre kişilerin afet okuryazarlık seviyelerinin artırılmasının toplumsal afet dirençliliğinin geliştirilmesine önemli derecede katkı sunacağı değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet, Afet Yönetimi, Afet Okuryazarlığı, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi, Yönetim Bilimleri

INVESTIGATION OF DISASTER LITERACY LEVELS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS

Öz

Disaster literacy can be expressed as the level of receiving, reading, understanding and correctly using information that provides the basis for people to make correct decisions in disaster management processes. In this study, it was aimed to determine the disaster literacy levels of Political Science and Public Administration students. The population and sample of the study consisted of students enrolled in a university's Political Science and Public Administration Program. The data of the study was collected by survey technique between 05.12.2022-07.02.2023. The research was completed with the participation of 107 (72% of the universe) out of 149 participants registered in the relevant program. In the study, a significant a difference was found between the mitigation of harm scores of the participants and their class levels (p<0.05). It was determined that the harm reduction scores of first graders were significantly lower than those of fourth graders. No significant difference was found between age and mitigation, preparation, response, recovery and disaster literacy scores (p>0.05). There is no significant difference between gender and mitigation, preparation, response and recovery scores (p>0.05). According to the findings, it was evaluated that increasing people's disaster literacy levels will significantly contribute to the development of social disaster resilience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster, Disaster Management, Political Science and Public Administration, Disaster Literacy, Management Sciences

Kaynakça

• AFAD. (2014). Açıklamalı Afet Yönetimi Terimleri Sözlüğü. Retrieved April 2, 2024 from https://www.afad.gov.tr/kitaplar
• Agustinova, D. A. and Syamsi, K. (2021). Strengthening disaster literacy as an effort to reduce the risk of disaster in DI Yogyakarta Society. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 884 (1), 1-7. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/884/1/012032
• Aksoy, B. and Sözen, E. (2014). Lise öğrencilerinin coğrafya dersindeki deprem eğitimine ilişkin görüşlerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Düzce ili örneği). Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 279–297. https://doi.org/10.12780/UUSBD300
• Asharose, S. I. and Sasi, P. K. C, (2015). Awareness workshop as an effective tool and approach for education in disaster risk reduction: A case study from Tamil Nadu, India. Sustainability, 7(7), 8965-8984. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7078965
• Brown, L. M., Haun, J. N. and Peterson, L. (2014). A proposed disaster literacy model. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 8(3), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1017/DMP.2014.43
• Cappelli, F., Costantini, V. and Consoli, D. (2021). The trap of climate change-induced “natural” disasters and inequality. Global Environmental Change, 70, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102329
• Carr, L. J. (1932). Disaster and the sequence-pattern concept of social change. American Journal of Sociology, 38(2), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1086/216030
• Chacko, S., Randolph, R. and Morsch, G. (2019). Disaster medicine: Public health preparedness for natural disasters. FP Essentials, 487, 17–22.
• Chung, S.-C. and Yen, C.-J. (2016). Disaster prevention literacy among school administrators and teachers: A study on the plan for disaster prevention and campus network deployment and experiment in Taiwan. Journal of Life Sciences, 10(4), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7391/2016.04.006
• Çalışkan, C. and Üner, S. (2021). Disaster literacy and public health: A systematic review and ıntegration of definitions and models. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 15(4), 518–527. https://doi.org/10.1017/DMP.2020.100
• Çalışkan, C. and Üner, S. (2022). Measurement of disaster literacy in Turkish society: Disaster literacy scale (DLS) design and development process. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 17(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1017/DMP.2022.147
• Daramola, O., Odunsi, O. and Olowoporoku, O. (2017). The corridor to survival: Assessment of disaster management literacy in a developing country. Environmental Quality Management, 27(2), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21525
• Demirdelen, S. (2018). Osmaniye ili Merkez ilçesinde görev yapan ilkokul/ortaokul öğretmenlerinin doğal afet okuryazarlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi.
• Duong, K. (2009). Disaster education and training of emergency nurses in South Australia. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 12(3), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2009.05.001
• Farzanegan, M. R., Fischer, S. and Noack, P. (2024). Natural disaster literacy in Iran: Survey-based evidence from Tehran. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 100, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104204
• Genc, F. Z., Yildiz, S., Kaya, E. and Bilgili, N. (2022). Disaster literacy levels of individuals aged 18–60 years and factors affecting these levels: A web-based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 76, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102991
• Gouda, M. and Yang, Y. (2023). Investigating the impact of a community disaster awareness training on subjective disaster preparedness: The case of Myanmar's Ayeyarwaddy region. Disasters, 47(4), 1047-1068. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12575
• Hutagalung, S. S., Hutagalung Indrajat, H. and Hermawan, D. (2023). Socioeconomic factor, disaster literacy and disaster awarness in lampung province. MIMBAR: Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan, 39 (1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v39i1.2051
• Jackson, J. and Nowell, L. (2021). ‘The office of disaster management’nurse managers' experiences during COVID‐19: A qualitative interview study using thematic analysis. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(8), 2392-2400. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13422
• Johnson, V. A., Ronan, K. R., Johnston, D. M. and Peace, R. (2014). Evaluations of disaster education programs for children: A methodological review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 9, 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.001
• Jose, M. M. and Dufrene, C. (2014). Educational competencies and technologies for disaster preparedness in undergraduate nursing education: An integrative review. Nurse Education Today, 34(4), 543-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.07.021
• Jung, E., Kim, G. U. and Choi, E. K. (2020). Factors affecting home‐based disaster preparedness among school‐aged children's parents: A cross‐sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 22(2), 138-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12685
• Jumiyati, S., Omolu, F. A., Mappewali, A. and Akkas, N. (2024). Priority for improving disaster resilience at the Higher Education Level: awareness, integration, and Management. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1306 (1), 1-10. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012036
• Kafle, S. K. (2012). Measuring disaster-resilient communities: A case study of coastal communities in Indonesia. Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, 5(4), 316-326.
• Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikler. Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
• Kapucu, N. (2008). Collaborative emergency management: better community organising, better public preparedness and response. Disasters, 32(2), 239-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01037.x
• Karakaş, H. Y. (2022). İzmir’de bir huzurevinde yaşlılarda afet okuryazarlığı ve buna etki eden etmenler ile durumluk-sürekli kaygı durumu arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi / İzmir Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi.
• Keeney, G. B. (2004). Disaster preparedness: what do we do now?. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 49(4), 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.05.003
• Kesumaningtyas, M. A., Hafida, S. H. N. and Musiyam, M. (2022). Analysis of disaster literacy on student behavioral responses in efforts to reduce earthquake disaster risk at SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 986 (1), 1-8. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012013
• Kim, T. K. (2015). T test as a parametric statistic. Korean journal of anesthesiology, 68(6), 540-546. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2015.68.6.540
• Lin, P. S. S. and Lin, W. C. (2020). Rebuilding relocated tribal communities better via culture: Livelihood and social resilience for disaster risk reduction. Sustainability, 12(11), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114538
• Logayah, D. S., Maryani, E., Ruhimat, M. and Wiyanarti, E. (2023). Understanding disaster literacy level in Indonesia: How can students understand natural disasters?. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(4), 4962-4971. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i4.3648
• Malhotra, N. K. (2004). Marketing Research an Applied Orientation, 4. Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Maryani, E. (2021). The role of education and geography on disaster preparedness. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 683 (1), 1-8. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/683/1/012043
• Mishra, S. and Suar, D. (2012). Effects of anxiety, disaster education, and resources on disaster preparedness behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(5), 1069-1087. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00853.x
• Mufit, F., Hanum, S. A. and Fadhilah, A. (2020). Preliminary research in the development of physics teaching materials that integrate new literacy and disaster literacy. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1481 (1), 1-12. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1481/1/012041
• Munawar, H. S., Mojtahedi, M., Hammad, A. W., Kouzani, A. and Mahmud, M. P. (2022). Disruptive technologies as a solution for disaster risk management: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 806 (3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151351
• Oostlander, S. A., Bournival, V. and O'Sullivan, T. L. (2020). The roles of emergency managers and emergency social services directors to support disaster risk reduction in Canada. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101925
• Paton, D. and Flin, R. (1999). Disaster stress: an emergency management perspective. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 8(4), 261-267. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653569910283897
• Romo-Murphy, E. and Vos, M. (2014). The role of broadcast media in disaster preparedness education: Lessons learned in the scientific literature 2002–2012. Media Asia, 41(1), 71-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2014.11690001
• Righi, E., Lauriola, P., Ghinoi, A., Giovannetti, E. and Soldati, M. (2021). Disaster risk reduction and interdisciplinary education and training. Progress in Disaster Science, 10, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100165
• Saja, A. A., Teo, M., Goonetilleke, A. and Ziyath, A. M. (2021). A critical review of social resilience properties and pathways in disaster management. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 12, 790-804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00378-y
• Salamati Nia, S. P. and Kulatunga, U. (2017). Safety and security of hospitals during natural disasters: challenges of disaster managers. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 7(2). 234–246. https://doi.org/10.2495/SAFE-V7-N2-234-246
• Samah, A. A., Zaremohzzabieh, Z. and Dsilva, J. (2019). Researching natural disaster preparedness through health behavioral change models. American Journal of Disaster Medicine, 14(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2019.0315
• Sarker, M. N. I., Peng, Y., Yiran, C. and Shouse, R. C. (2020). Disaster resilience through big data: Way to environmental sustainability. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101769
• Sauerborn, R. and Ebi, K. (2012). Climate change and natural disasters–integrating science and practice to protect health. Global Health Action, 5(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.19295
• Seifi, B., Ghanizadeh, G. and Seyedin, H. (2018). Disaster health literacy of middle-aged women. Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 24(3), 150–154. https://doi.org/10.6118/JMM.2018.24.3.150
• Shaw, R., Shiwaku Hirohide Kobayashi, K. and Kobayashi, M. (2004). Linking experience, education, perception and earthquake preparedness. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 13(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560410521689
• Shiwaku, K., Shaw, R., Chandra Kandel, R., Narayan Shrestha, S. and Mani Dixit, A. (2007). Future perspective of school disaster education in Nepal. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 16(4), 576-587. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560710817057
• Shiwaku, K., Ueda, Y., Oikawa, Y. and Shaw, R. (2016). School disaster resilience assessment in the affected areas of 2011 east japan earthquake and tsunami. Natural Hazards, 82(1), 333–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11069-016-2204-5/TABLES/8
• Sözcü, U. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının doğal afet okuryazarlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Kastamonu Üniversitesi.
• Tabachnik, B. G. and Fidell, S. L. (2013). Multicollinearity and singularity. Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson.
• Taş, G. (2003). Türkiye`de ortaöğretim kurumlarında doğal afetler (deprem, kütle hareketleri, volkan, don olayı) konularının öğretiminin değerlendirilmesi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi.
• Tsai, M. H., Chang, Y. L., Shiau, J. S. and Wang, S. M. (2020). Exploring the effects of a serious game-based learning package for disaster prevention education: The case of Battle of Flooding Protection. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 43, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101393
• Toyoda, Y., Muranaka, A., Kim, D. and Kanegae, H. (2021). Framework for utilizing disaster learning tools classified by real and virtual aspects of community space and social networks: Application to community-based disaster risk reduction and school disaster education on earthquakes in Japan for during-and post-COVID-19 periods. Progress in Disaster Science, 12, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100210
• Tuladhar, G., Yatabe, R., Dahal, R. K. and Bhandary, N. P. (2015). Disaster risk reduction knowledge of local people in nepal. Geoenvironmental Disasters, 2(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40677-014-0011-4/FIGURES/9
• Türksever, Ö. (2021). Öğretmen adaylarının deprem farkındalıkları ile depreme karşıhazırlık durumu düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 14(53), 2681–2701. https://doi.org/10.29228/JOH.51799
• Uygun-Seven, B. (2022). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının doğal afet okuryazarlığı ile afet bilinci algı düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. . [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi.
• Veil, S. R., Littlefield, R. S. and Rowan, K. E. (2009). Dissemination as success: local emergency management communication practices. Public Relations Review, 35(4), 449–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2009.06.004
• Vu, B. D., Nguyen, H. T., Dinh, H. V. T., Nguyen, Q. A. N. and Ha, X. V. (2023). Natural disaster prevention literacy education among Vietnamese high school students. Education Sciences, 13(3), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13030262
• Widyastuti, D. A. R. (2021). Using new media and social media in disaster communication. Komunikator, 13(2), 100-111. https://doi.org/10.18196/jkm.12074
• Zhang, D., Zhang, L. Y., Zhang, K., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. F. and Zhao, K. (2024). Disaster literacy in disaster emergency response: A national qualitative study among nurses. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01911-2
• Zhang, D., Zhu, X., Zhou, Z., Xu, X., Ji, X. and Gong, A. (2021). Research on disaster literacy and affecting factors of college students in central China. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 15(2), 216-222.
• Zhu, T. T. and Zhang, Y. J. (2017). An investigation of disaster education in elementary and secondary schools: evidence from China. Natural Hazards, 89(3), 1009–1029. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11069-017-3004-2/FIGURES/9