Göğüs Tüpü Çıkarılma İşleminin Neden Olduğu Ağrı Ve Anksiyetenin Kontrolünde Uygulanan Farmakolojik Olmayan Yöntemler

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 53 - 68, 29.07.2020

Elif Budak Ertürk , Mevlüde Karadağ

Öz

Bu derlemede, göğüs tüpü çıkarılma işleminin neden olduğu ağrı ve anksiyete kontrolünde uygulanan farmakolojik olmayan yöntemlerin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada, “göğüs tüpü çıkarılması”, “non-farmakolojik yöntem”, “non-farmakolojik girişim”, “non-farmakolojik terapi”, “tamamlayıcı terapi”, “tamamlayıcı tıp” anahtar kelimeleri ile Web of Science, Science Direct, OVİD ve Pubmed veri tabanları üzerinden yapılan taramada 2010-2020 yılları arasında 2168 adet araştırma, derleme, sistematik derleme, meta-analiz, kongre bildiri özeti Ocak-Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında incelendi. Veriler “sistematik derleme ve meta-analiz raporlarının yazılması için oluşturulmuş rehber” doğrultusunda değerlendirildi. Konu ile ilgili olmayan 1958 çalışma elenerek, elde edilen 240 çalışmadan metaanaliz, sistematik derleme, deneysel olmayan çalışmalar ve bildiri özetleri (n=167) ayrılarak, 73 deneysel çalışmadan farmakolojik olmayan yöntemlerin kullanıldığı 10 deneysel çalışma örneklemi oluşturdu. Göğüs tüpü çıkarılması sırasında, soğuk uygulama yapılan beş çalışmanın dördünde; soğuk uygulama ve müzik terapisinin uygulandığı iki çalışmanın birinde; soğuk uygulama ile aromaterapi ve gevşeme terapisi uygulanan iki çalışmada ve transkutanöz elektrik sinir stimulasyonu uygulanan bir çalışmada farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler ağrı kontrolünde etkin bulundu. Anksiyete kontrolünde, müzik terapisi ve aromaterapi ile soğuk uygulama yapılan çalışmalarda etkin, tek başına soğuk uygulama yapılan bir çalışmada ise etkin değildi. Göğüs tüpü çıkarılma işlemi öncesi en çok uygulanan yöntemin soğuk uygulama olduğu, farmakolojik olmayan yöntemlerin tek başına veya kombine şekilde yapıldığında hastaların ağrı ve anksiyete düzeylerini azaltabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göğüs Tüpleri, Hemşirelik Bakımı, Ağrı, Anksiyete, Farmakolojik Olmayan Yöntemler

Non-Pharmacological Methods Applied in Pain and Anxiety Control Caused by Chest Tube Removal

Öz

This review aimed to investigate non-pharmacological methods applied in pain and anxiety control caused by chest tube removal. In the study, 2168 researches, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and conference abstracts from Web of Science, Science Direct, OVID and Pubmed databases covering 2010-2020 period have been examined between January-May 2020 with the keywords "chest tube removal", "non-pharmacological method", "non-pharmacological intervention", "non-pharmacological therapy", "complementary therapy", "complementary medicine". The 1958 studies irrelevant with the subject were eliminated and metaanalysis, systematic review, non-experimental studies and conference abstracts (n=167) were selected among 240 studies, 10 experimental study samples used non-pharmacological methods were selected from 73 experimental studies. In pain control during chest tube removal; was effective in four of the five studies with cold application, in one of the two studies where cold application and music therapy were applied, in two studies where cold application and aromatherapy and relaxation therapy were applied, and in one study transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation applied. It was effective in studies in anxiety control with cold application and music therapy and aromatherapy application, and was not effective in one study with only cold application. It’s been concluded that non-pharmacological methods can reduce pain and anxiety levels of patients when performed alone or together.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety, Pain, Chest Tubes, Non-pharmacological Methods, Nursing Care

Kaynakça

• Gan KJ, Tan M. Evidence-based management of patients with chest tube drainage system to reduce complications in cardiothoracic vascular surgery wards. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13(2):58-65. DOI: 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000041
• Durai R, Hoque H, Davies TW. Managing a chest tube and drainage system. AORN J. 2010;91(2):275-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2009.09.026.
• Ergin M, Yeğinsu A, Gürlek K. Göğüs tüpü takılması. Turk J Surg. 2010;26(2):115-121. DOI: 10.5097/1300-0705.UCD.459-10.01.
• Friesner SA, Curry DM, Moddeman GR. Comparison of two pain-management strategies during chest tube removal: relaxation exercise with opioids and opioids alone. Heart Lung. 2006;35(4):269-276. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2005.10.005
• Demir Y, Khorshid L. Göğüs tüpü çıkarma işlemi sırasında yaşanan ağrının kontrol altına alınması: literatür incelemesi. EGEHFD. 2008;24(2):113-126.
• Babajani S, Babatabar Darzi H, Ebadi A, Mahmoudi H, Nasiri A. The effect of foot reflexology massage on the level of removal after open heart surgery. Iran J Crit Care Nurs. 2014;7(1):15-22.
• Aydın A, Çilingir D. Koroner arter baypas greft ameliyatı olan hastalarda nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerle ağrı yönetimi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2016;8(2): 146-152. doi: 10.5336/nurses.2014-43196.
• Milgrom LB, Brooks JA, Qi R, Bunnell K, Wuestefeld S, Beckman, D. Pain levels experienced with activities after cardiac surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2004;13(2):116-125. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2004.13.2.116
• Kol E, Erdogan A, Karslı B, Erbil N. Evaluation of the outcomes of ice application for the control of pain associated with chest tube irritation. Pain Manag Nurs.2013;14(1): 29-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2010.05.001
• Findik UY, Topcu SY, Vatansever O. Effects of drains on pain, comfort and anxiety in patients undergone surgery. Int. J. Caring Sci. 2013;6(3):412-409.
• Zisis C, Tsirgogianni K, Lazaridis G, Lampaki S, Baka S, Mpoukovinas I, et al. Chest drainage systems in use. Ann Transl Med. 2015;3(3):43. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.02.09.
• Hood BS, Henderson, Pasero C. Chest tube removal: an expanded role for the bedside nurse. J Perianesth Nurs. 2014;Feb;29(1):53-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2013.11.001.
• Gelinas C, Arbour C, Michaud C, Robar L, Côté J. Patients and ICU nurses' perspectives of non‐pharmacological interventions for pain management. Nurs Crit Care.2013;18(6): 307-318. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-5153.2012.00531.x
• Demir Y, Khorshıd L. The effect of cold application in combination with standard analgesic administration on pain and anxiety during chest tube removal: a single-blinded randomized double-controlled study. Pain Manag Nurs. 2010;11(3):186-196. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2009.09.002.
• Malik V, Kiran U, Chauhan S, Makhija N. Transcutaneous nerve stimulation for pain relief during chest tube removal following cardiac surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2018;34(2): 216-220. doi: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_336_15
• Hsieh LY, Chen YR, Lu MC. Efficacy of cold application on pain during chest tube removal: a randomized controlled trial: A CONSORT-compliant article. Medicine.2017;96(46):1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000008642
• Bayındır SK, Çürük GN. Türkiye’de ağrıya yönelik tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp uygulamaları konusundaki hemşirelik tezlerinin incelenmesi. HEAD. 2015;12(3):162-169. doi:10.5222/HEAD.2015.162.
• Özveren, H. Ağrı kontrolünde farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler. HUHEMFAD. 2011;18(1):83-92.
• Yarahmadi S, Mohammadi N, Ardalan A, Najafizadeh H, Gholami, M. The combined effects of cold therapy and music therapy on pain following chest tube removal among patients with cardiac bypass surgery. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;31(2018):71-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.006
• Ertuğ N, Ülker S. The effect of cold application on pain due to chest tube removal. J Clin Nurs. 2012:21(5‐6):784-790. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03955.x
• Gorji MH, Nesami MB, Ayyasi M, Ghafari R, Yazdani J. Comparison of ice packs application and relaxation therapy in pain reduction during chest tube removal following cardiac surgery. N Am J Med Sci. 2014;6(1):19-24. DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.125857
• Payami MB, Daryei N, Mousavinasab N, Nourizade E. Effect of cold application in combination with Indomethacin suppository on chest tube removal pain in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;19(1):77-81.
• Bastani F, Hajizadeh S, Saatchi K, Haghani H. Comparing the effect of acupressure and cryotherapy on the pain caused by removal of chest drain tube in the elderly patients undergoing open heart surgery. JCCNC. 2016;2(1):37-52. https://doi.org/10.32598/jccnc.2.1.37.
• Hasanzadeh F, Kashouk NM, Amini S, Asili J, Emami SA, Vashani, HB, et al. The effect of cold application and lavender oil inhalation in cardiac surgery patients undergoing chest tube removal. EXCLI J. 2016;15:64-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17179/excli2015-748
• Mohammadi N, Pooria A, Yarahmadi S, Tarrahi MJ, Najafizadeh H, Abbasi P, et al. Effects of cold application on chest tube removal pain in heart surgery patients. Tanaffos. 2018;17(1):29-36.
• Aktaş YY, Karabulut N. The use of cold therapy, music therapy and lidocaine spray for reducing pain and anxiety following chest tube removal. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019; 34: 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.12.001
• Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M. et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
• Ali B, Al-Wabel NA, Shams S, Ahamad A, Khan SA, Anwar F. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(8):601-611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.05.007
• Dimitriou V, Mavridou P, Manataki A, Damigos D. The use of aromatherapy for postoperative pain management: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Perianesth Nurs. 2017;32(6):530-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2016.12.003.
• Lakhan, SE, Sheafer H, Tepper D. The effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Res Treat. 2016;2016:1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8158693
• Lin CL, Hwang S L, Jiang P, Hsiung NH. Effect of music therapy on pain after orthopedic surgery—a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Pain Pract. 2020. DOI. 10.1111/papr.12864
• Wu LC, Weng PW, Chen CH, Huang YY, Tsuang YH, Chiang CJ. Literature review and meta-analysis of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in treating chronic back pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(4):425-433. DOI: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000740.
• Bruce EA, Howard RF, Franck LS. Chest drain removal pain and its management: a literature review. J.Clin.Nurs. 2006;15(2):145-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01273.x
• Chen YR, Hsieh LY. The effectiveness of a cold application for pain associated with chest tube removal: a systematic review. Hu Li Za Zhi. 2015Feb;62(1):68-75. doi: 10.6224/JN.62.1.68. (in Chinese)
• Bi X, Lv H, Chen BL, Li X, Wang XQ. Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain in patients with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(1): 23-25. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.23.
• Zhou K, Li X, Li J, Liu M, Dang S, Wang D, et al. A clinical randomized controlled trial of music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation training in female breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy: results on depression, anxiety and length of hospital stay. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2015;19(1):54-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2014.07.010
• Hsu K C, Chen LF, Hsiep PH. Effect of music intervention on burn patients’ pain and anxiety during dressing changes. Burns. 2016;42(8):1789-1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.05.006
• Nelson K, Adamek M, Kleiber C. Relaxation training and postoperative music therapy for adolescents undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Pain Manag Nurs. 2017;18(1):16-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2016.10.005
• Jahangirifard A, Razavi M, Ahmadi ZH, Forozeshfard M. Effect of TENS on postoperative pain and pulmonary function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Pain Manag Nurs. 2018;19(4):408-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2017.10.018
• Seifi Z, Bikmoradi A, Bazrafshan MR, Poorolajal J, Araghchian M, Kashfi SH, et al. The effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on pain severity of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery: A single-blind randomised clinical trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2018;12(7):1-5. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2018/34865.11721
• Bojorquez GR, Jackson KE, Andrews AK. Music therapy for surgical patients: approach for managing pain and anxiety. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2020;43(1): 81-85. DOI: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000294.
• Song M, Sun X, Tian X, Zhang X, Shi T, Sun R, et al. Compressive cryotherapy versus cryotherapy alone in patients undergoing knee surgery: a meta-analysis. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):1074-1086. DOI 10.1186/s40064-016-2690-7
• Fang L, Hung CH, Wu SL, Fang SH, Stocker J. The effects of cryotherapy in relieving postarthroscopy pain. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(5‐6):636-643. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03531.x
• Pan L, Hou D, Liang W, Fei J, Hong Z. Comparison the effects of pressurized salt ice packs with water ice packs on patients following total knee arthroplasty. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(10):18179-18184.
• Watkins AA, Johnson TV, Shrewsberry AB, Nourparvar P, Madni T, Watkins CJ, et al. Ice packs reduce postoperative midline incision pain and narcotic use: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Surg. 2014;219(3), 511-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.03.057
• Yan LJ, Zhang FR, Ma CS, Zheng Y, Chen JT, Li W. Arteriovenous graft for hemodialysis: effect of cryotherapy on postoperative pain and edema. Pain Manag Nurs. 2019;20(2):170-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2018.07.002
• Shin YS, Kim HJ, An JW, Lee YY. Development of evidence-based nursing practice guidelines for cold application in adult care. Korean J. Adult Nurs. 2018;30(3):325-345. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2018.30.3.325 (in Japanese)
• American Music Therapy Association. Scope of music therapy practice [Internet]. 2015 [Erişim tarihi: 09. 04. 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.musictherapy.org/about/scope of music therapy practice/.
• Erden S, Şenol Çelik S. Bir elektro analjezi yöntemi: Transkütan elektriksel sınır stimülasyonu ve hemşirenin rolleri. HUHEMFAD. 2015;2(1):50-60.
• 50. Metin ZG, Ozdemir L. The effects of aromatherapy massage and reflexology on pain and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2016;17(2):140-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2016.01.004