Kestanelik Granitoyidinin Petrografik ve Jeokimyasal Özellikleri (Çanakkale, Biga Yarımadası) / Petrographical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Kestanelik Granitoid (Çanakkale, Biga Peninsula)

Yıl 2023, , 127 - 148, 31.01.2023

Didem Kıray , Oya Cengiz

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1187739

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Biga Yarımadasında Şahinli köyü (Lapseki, Çanakkale) civarında yüzeyleyen ve Au-Ag cevherleşmesiyle ilişkili olan Eosen yaşlı Kestanelik granitoyidinin petrografik ve jeokimyasal özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Sakarya Zonu’nda yeralan Karabiga masifi içerisindeki inceleme alanının temelinde Geç Ediyakaran-Erken Kambriyen yaşlı Çamlıca metamorfikleri bulunmakta ve üzerine tektonik dokanaklı Üst Kretase yaşlı Çetmi melanjı gelmektedir. Çamlıca metamorfitleri, Kestanelik Granitoyidi tarafından kesilmiştir ve bu granitoyidi kırıntılı tortul kayaçları içeren Soğucak formasyonu üzerler. Andezit-bazalt parçacıklı piroklastikler, bazalt daykları ve lav akıntıları ve çamurtaşı içeren Şahinli formasyonu ve Kuvaterner yaşlı alüvyonlar sahadaki tüm birimlerin üzerine uyumsuzlukla gelir. İncelenen Kestanelik granitoyidi stok şekilli intrüzif bir kütledir. Granit, kuvars monzonit ve kuvarsça zengin granitoyid bileşimli kayaçları içerir. Bu kayaçların ana mineralleri kuvars, K-feldispat, plajiyoklas, amfibol, hornblend ve biyotit olup, serisit, illit, klorit, simektit, kaolinit, dolomit, hematit, kristobalit ve alunit ikincil minerallerini kapsar.

Kestanelik granitoyitinde arjilik, piropilitik ve silisleşme alterasyon tipleri gözlenmektedir.
Kestanelik granitoyidi genellikle şoşonitik, kalkalkalen, subalkali ve genellikle metalümin karakterlidir ve I-tipi bir magmadan türemiştir. Yüksek silis içeriğine (%64,9-75,49) sahiptir ve ana-iz element değişimleri granitoyidin gelişiminde plajioklas ve K-feldispat fraksiyonlaşmasının etkili olduğunu gösterir. Granitoyidde, ilksel mantoya göre NYE diyagramında LILE zenginleşmesi oldukça fazladır. Kondrite göre normalize edildiğinde, granitoyidin hafif NYE bakımından zenginleştiği ve ağır NYE bakımından da fakirleştiği belirlenmiştir ve aynı zamanda negatif Eu anomalisine (Eu/Eu*=0,87) de sahiptir. Kestanelik granitoyidleri, volkanik yay (VAG) ve çarpışma ile eş yaşlı (syn-COLG) granitlerdir ve magmatik veya kabuk kökenlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biga Yarımadası, Kestanelik granitoyid, petrografi, jeokimya, köken

Destekleyen Kurum

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Proje Ofisi (BAP)

Proje Numarası

proje no: 3574-D2-13

Teşekkür

Saha çalışmalarına desteklerinden ve sondaj karot numunelerinin temini için Tümad-Madencilik A.Ş. ve Chesser Resources A.Ş.'ye teşekkür ederiz.

Petrographical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Kestanelik Granitoid (Çanakkale, Biga Peninsula)

Öz

In this study, the petrographical and geochemical signatures of the Kestanelik Granitoid outcropping near the Şahinli region (Lapseki, Çanakkale) on the Biga Peninsula and associations with Au-Ag mineralization were determined. The Late Ediacaran-Early Cambrian Çamlıca metamorphics form the basement of the study area within the Karabiga massif in the Sakarya Zone. These metamorphics were thrusted tectonically in the Upper Cretaceous Çetmi mélange. The Çamlıca metamorphics are cut by the Eocene Kestanelik Granitoid, and the granodiorite is unconformably overlain by the Soğucak Formation composed of clastic sedimentary rocks. The Şahinli Formation comprises andesite-basalt, fragmented pyroclastics, basalt dykes and lava flows, and mudstone. Quaternary alluvium unconformably covers all units in the area. The Kestanelik Granitoid is an intrusive mass in the form of a stock and contains rocks with granite, quartz monzonite and quartz-rich granitoid composition. The main minerals in these rocks are quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, amphibole, hornblende and biotite, and there are secondary minerals such as sericite, illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite, dolomite, hematite, cristobalite and alunite. This granitoid has undergone strong alteration and argillic, propylitic and silicification alteration are observed.

The Kestanelik Granitoid generally has shoshonitic, calc-alkaline, subalkaline and metaluminous character, and was derived from an I-type magma. It has high silica content (64.9-75.49%), and major-trace element changes indicate that plagioclase and K-feldspar fractionation were effective in the development of the granitoid. In the granitoid, LILE enrichment is quite high on the REE diagram normalized to the primary mantle. Normalized to chondrite, the granitoid is enriched in light REE and depleted in heavy REE, and also has a negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*=0,87). The Kestanelik Granitoid comprises granites of synchronous age to the volcanic arc and collision, and has magmatic or crustal origin.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biga Peninsula, Kestanelik granitoyid, petrography, geochemistry, origin

Proje Numarası

proje no: 3574-D2-13

Kaynakça

• Akgündüz, S., Duru, O. & Elmas, M. A. (2012). KB Anadolu'da Eosen-Oligosen çarpışma sonrası magmatizma: Asartepe granitik ve Sarıkaya volkanik kayalarından jeokimyasal ve jeokronolojik veriler. İstanbul Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 25(2), 119-143.
• Aldanmaz, E., Pearce, J. A., Thirlwall, M. F. & Mitchell, J.G. (2000). Petrogenetic evolution of Late Cenozoic, post collision volcanism in Western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Reseach, 102, 67-95.
• Altunkaynak, Ş. & Dilek, Y. (2013). Eocene mafic volcanism in northern Anatolia: its causes and mantle sources in the absence of active subdunction. International Geology Review, 55(13), 1641-1659.
• Altunkaynak, Ş. & Genç, Ş. C. (2008). Petrogenesis and time-progressive evolution of the Cenozoic continental volcanism in the Biga Peninsula, NW Anatolia. Lithos, 102(1), 316-340.
• Altunkaynak, Ş., Sunal, G., Aldanmaz, E., Genç, C.Ş., Dilek, Y., Furnes, H., Foland, K.A., Yang, J. & Yıldız, M. (2012b). Eocene granitic magmatism in NW Anatolia (Turkey) revisited: New implications from comparative zircon SHRIMP U–Pb and 40Ar– 39Ar geochronology and isotope geochemistry on magma genesis ad emplacement. Lithos, 155, 289-309.
• Arth, J.G. (1979). Some trace elements in troundhjemites their implication to magma genesis and paleotectonic setting. Developments in Petrology, Chapter 3,Volume 6, 123-132p.
• Arslan, Z. (2005). Petrography and petrology of the calc-alkaline Sarıhan granitoid (NE Turkey): an example of magma mingling and mixing. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 14(2), 183-207.
• Aydın, Ü, Pınar, Şen, P., Özmen, Ö. & Şen, E. (2019). Petrological and geochemical features of Biga Peninsula granitoids, NW Anatolia, Turkey. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 160(160), 81-115.
• Aysal, N. (2015). Mineral chemistry, crystallization conditions and geodynamic implications of the Oligo-Miocene granitoids in the Biga Peninsula, Nortwest Turkey. Journal of Asian Eart Science, 105, 68-84.
• Aysal, N., Öngen, S. & Hanilçi, N. (2012). Karadoru granitoid plütonu yan kayaçlarının petrografisi ve skarn zonunun özellikleri, Yenice-Çanakkale. İstanbul Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 183-194.
• Bingöl E, Delaloye, M. & Atama, G. (1982). Granitic intrusions in Western Anatolia: A contribution of the geodynamic study of this area. Eclogae Geologisch Helvetica, 75, 437-446.
• Birkle, P. & Satır, M. (1995). Dating, geochemistry and geodynamic significance of the tertiary magmatism of the Biga Peninsula, NW-Turkey. In: A. Erler, T. Ercan, E. Bingöl, S. Örçen (Eds.), Geology of the Black Sea Region (pp. 171-180). MTA, Ankara.
• Boynton, W.V. (1984). Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements: Meteorite studies. Chapter 3. Development of Geochemistry, 2, 63-114.
• Chesser Resources Co. (2012). Chesser Resources Limited. annual report. Çanakkale.
• Çakır, Ş. & Karakaş, A. (2018). Biga-Karabiga (Çanakkale) çevresinin jeolojisi. Uygulamalı Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 27-38.
• Delaloye, M. & Bingöl, E.(2000). Granitoids from western and nortwestern Anatolia: Geochemistry and modeling of geodynamic evolution. International Geology Review, 42, 241-268.
• Duru, M., Pehlivan, Ş., Okay, A.İ., Şentürk, Y. & Kar, H. (2012). Biga Yarımadası’nın Tersiyer öncesi jeolojisi. Biga Yarımadası’nın Genel ve Ekonomik Jeolojisi. MTA Özel Yayın Serisi-28, 7-77.
• Eby, G. N. (1992). Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: petrogenetic and tectonic implications. Geology, 20(7), 641-644.
• Erenoğlu, O. (2014). Dededağ Çevresindeki (Beyçayır-Çanakkale) Eosen, Oligo-Miyosen volkaniklerinin krono-stratigrafik konumu ve Biga Yarımadası’nda bölgesel volkanizma içindeki önemi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Çanakkale.
• Erenoğlu, O. & Bozcu, M. (2021). Geological features and lithostratigraphy of Eocene-Oligocene magmatic rocks in the Dededağ area-Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 8(4), 435-449.
• Genç, S. C. (1998). Evolution of the Bayramiç magmatic complex, Northwestern Anatolia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 85, 233–249.
• Genç, Ş. C. & Altunkaynak, Ş. (2007). Eybek graniti (Biga yarımadası, KB Anadolu) üzerine: Yeni jeokimya verileri ışığında yeni bir değerlendirme. Yerbilimleri, 28(2), 75-98.
• Göncüoğlu, M.C. (2010). Introduction to the geology of Turkey: Geodynamic evolution of the Pre-Alpine and Alpine Terranes. Jeoloji Müh.Bölümü, 06531, Ankara.
• Güçtekin, A., Köprübaşı, N. & Aldanmaz, E. (2004). Karabiga (Çanakkale) granitoyidinin jeokimyası. Yerbilimleri, 25(29), 29-38.
• Harris N.B.W., Pearce, J.A. & Tindle, A.G. (1986). Geochemical characteristics of collision zone magmatism. In M.P. Coward, & A. C. Ries (Eds.), Collision Tectonics, Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 19(1), 67-81.
• Hedenquist, J.W. (2011). Observations on the Kestanelik and Karaayi prospects, Biga Peninsula, Turkey. Unpublished report for Chesser Resources.
• Irvine, T. N. & Baragar, W.A.R. (1971). Aguide to chemical classification of common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 8, 523-547.
• Ishikawa, Y., Sawaguchi, T., Iwaya, S. & Horiuchi, M. (1976). Delineation of prospecting targets for Kuroko deposits bades on models of volcanism of underlying dacite and alteration haloes. Mining Geology, 26, 105-117.
• Karacık, Z. & Yılmaz, Y. (1998). Geology of the ignimbrites and the associated volcano–plutonic complex of the Ezine area, northwestern Anatolia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 85(1-4), 251-264.
• Karacık, Z., Yılmaz, Y., Pearce, J. A. & Ece, Ö. I. (2008). Petrochemistry of the south Marmara granitoids, northwest Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau), 97, 1181-1200.
• Karaoğlu, Ö. & Helvacı, C. (2014). Isotopic evidence for a transition from subduction to slabtear related volcanism in western Anatolia, Turkey. Lithos, 192-195, 226-239.
• Ketin, İ. (1966). Anadolu'nun tektonik birlikleri. MTA Dergisi, 66, 20-34. https://dergi.mta.gov.tr/dosyalar/images/mtadergi/makaleler/tr/20151020143258_862_227ff53f.pdf
• Kıray, D. (2021). Şahinli (Lapseki-Çanakkale, Batı Türkiye) bölgesindeki Kestanelik Au-Ag cevherleşmesinin jeolojik, mineralojik ve jeokimyasal incelemeler ile kökeninin belirlenmesi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Köprübaşı, N. & Aldanmaz, E. (2004). Geochemical constraints o the petrogenesis of Cenozoic I-type granitoids in Northwest Anatolia, Turkey: Evidence for magma generation by lithospheric delamination in a post-collisional setting. International Geology Review, 46, 705-729.
• Large, R. R., Gemmell, J. B., Paulick, H. & Huston, D. L. (2001). The alteration box plot: A simple approach to understanding the relationship between alteration mineralogy and lithogeochemistry associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits. Economic Geology, 96(5), 957-971.
• Middlemost, E.A.K.(1985). Magmas and magmatic rocks. Longman Group Limited, Essex, 266 p.
• MTA, (2012). General and economic geology of the Biga Peninsula (Eds.:E. Yüzer & G. Tünay]. Special Publication Series 28, p. 326 (in Turkish).
• Myers, R. E. & MacLean, W. H. (1983). The geology of the New Insco copper deposit, Noranda district, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, 1291-1304.
• Nesbitt, H. W. & Young, G. M. (1982). Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature, 299, 715-717.
• Norman, M. D., Leeman, W. P. & Mertzman, S. A. (1992). Granites and rhyolites from the northwestern USA: Temporal variation in magmatic processes and relations to tectonic setting: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Earth Science, 83, 71–81.
• O'Connor, J. T. (1965). A classification for quartz-rich igneous rocks based on feldspar ratios. In: US Geological Survey Professional Paper B525. USGS, 79–84.
• Okay, A. İ., Siyako, M. ve Bürkan, K. A. (1990). Biga Yarımadası’nın jeolojisi ve tektonik evrimi. TPJD Bülteni, 2(1), 83-121.
• Okay, A. İ., Satır, M., Maluski, H., Siyako, M., Monie, P., Metzger, R. & Akyüz, S. (1996). Paleo-and Neotethyan events in Northwest Turkey. In: A, Yin, & M. Harrison (Eds.), Tectonics of Asia (420-441). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Okay, A. I. & Satır, M. (2000). Coeval plutonism and metamorphism in a latest Oligocene metamorphic core complex in northwest Turkey. Geological Magazine, 137(5), 495-516.
• Okay, A. İ. & Tüysüz, O. (1999). Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey. In: B. Durand, L. Jolivet, F. Horvath, M. Seranne, M. (Eds.), The Mediterranean Basin: Tertiary Extansion within the Alpine Orogen, 156 (pp. 75– 515). Geological Society, Special Publications, London.
• Özdamar, Ş. (2018). Evciler Plütonu’nun (KB Türkiye) petrolojisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 149-165.
• Pearce J. A. (1983). Role of the sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at activecontinental margins. In: C. J. Hawkesworth, & M. J. Norry, (Eds). Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenolites. Nantwich, Shiva, 230–249.
• Pearce, J. A., Harris, N. B. W. & Tindle, A. G. (1984). Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25, 956–983.
• Peccerillo, A. & Taylor, S. R. (1976). Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, northern Turkey. Contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 58(1), 63-81
• Ramadhan, I. A. A., Darmaputra, M. K. M., Najah, M. B. & Sucipta, I. G. B. E. (2021). Geochemical characteristics of Schwaner Mountains Granitoids and their relationship to magmatism in the Southwest Borneo Block. Proceedings Joint Convention Bandung (JCB), December 1-3, 2021, 3-6
• Shand, S. J. (1948). Eruptive rocks: their genesis, composition, classification, and their relation to ore deposits, with a chapter on meteorites. Journal of Geology, 56(6), 593-593.
• Streckeisen, A. l. (1967). Classification and nomenclature of igneous rockes. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie – Abhandlungen, 107, 144-240.
• Sun, S. S. & McDonough, W. F. (1989). Chemical and isotopic systematic of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: A.D. Saunders, M. J. Norry, (Eds.), Magmatism in Ocean Basins, 42 (pp.: 313–345). Geological Society Special Publication.
• Şengör, A. M. C. & Yılmaz, Y. (1981). Tethyan evolution of Turkey: A plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181-241.
• Şengör, A. M. C., Lom, N., Sunal, G., Zabcı, C. & Sancar, T. (2019). The Phanerozoic palaeotectonics of Turkey. Part I: an inventory. Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews, 1, 91-161.
• Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Siebel, W., Schwarz, W. H., Zack, T., Hasözbek, A., Mathias, B., Satır, M. & Şen, C. (2010). Carboniferous high-potassium I-type granitoid magmatism in the Eastern Pontides: the Gümüşhane pluton (NE Turkey). Lithos, 116(1-2), 92-110.
• Tunç, O., Yiğitbaş, E., Şengün, F., Wazeck, J., Hofmann, M. & Linnemann, U. (2012). U-Pb zircon geochronology of Northern metamorphic massifs in the Biga Peninsula (NW Anatolia-Turkey): New data and a new approach to understand the tectonostratigraphy of the region. Geodinamica Acta, 25(3-4), 202-225.
• Tümad Madencilik (2020). Tümad Madencilik San. ve Ltd.Şti. Yıllık rapor,10, Çanakkale.
• Wilson, M. (1989). Igneous petrogenesis. Unwin Hyman Press, London, 456 pp.
• Yılmaz Şahin, S., Örgün, Y., Güngör, Y., Göker, A., Gültekin, A. H. & Karacık, Z. (2010). Mineral and whole-rock geochemistry of the Kestanbol Granitoid (Ezine-Çanakkale) and its mafic microgranular enclaves in northwestern Anatolia: evidence of felsic and mafic magma interaction. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 19(1), 101-122.
• Yılmaz Y. (1990). Comparision of young volcanic associations of western and eastern Anatolia under conpressional regime; A review. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44, 69–87.
• Yılmaz, Y., Genç, Ş.C., Karacık, Z. & Altunkaynak, Ş. (2001). Two contrasting magmatic associations of NW Anatolia and their tectonic signifacance. Journal of Geodynamics, 31, 243-271.
• Yiğitbaş, E. ve Tunç, İ. O. (2020). Biga Yarımadası’nda Sakarya Zonunun Prekambriyen metamorfik kayaları; Geç Ediyakaran Gondwanaland Aktif Kıta Kenarı. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 63(3) 277-302. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.589144
• Yücel-Öztürk, Y., Helvacı, C. & Satır, M. (2005). Genetic relations between skarn mineralization and petrogenesis of the Evciler Granitoid, Kazdağ, Çanakkale, Turkey and comparison with World skarn granitoids. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 14(3), 255-280.