QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum L.) GERMPLASM UNDER RAINFED AND IRRIGATED FIELD CONDITIONS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 102 - 110, 21.06.2023

Ufuk Demirel , İbrahim Köken , Mehmet Caliskan , Hakan Özkan

https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1258301

Cited By: 2

Öz

Wheat is usually grown as a rainfed crop and no irrigation is applied in most production fields. This study was undertaken to evaluate the quality characteristics of durum wheat germplasm in under rainfed and irrigated field conditions during 2019-2020 and 2021-2022 growing seasons. The experiments were laid out in 12x12 alpha lattice block design with two replicates for rainfed and irrigated experiments. Grain protein content, starch content, wet gluten content and test weight were examined for 125 genotypes which consisted of fifty local cultivars, nineteen foreign cultivars used in Turkey, forty two gene bank landraces (ex situ) and fourteen local landraces (in situ). Supplemental irrigation resulted in a decrease in grain protein content and wet gluten content but an increase in starch content. Ex situ landraces (17.48%) and in situ landraces (16.62%) had higher grain protein content mean values under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. The correlation coefficient was 0.82 between grain protein content-wet gluten content whereas it was -0.77 and -0.65 between grain protein content-starch content and wet gluten content-starch content, respectively. The decrease in protein and gluten content in local and foreign cultivars was more dramatic in both years compared to landraces. Our results indicated that ex situ landraces have a great potential in terms of grain quality characteristics. The high genotypic diversity and improved quality characteristics in landraces provided extensive insights for future studies to improve crop quality in areas with limited irrigation opportunities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

gluten, protein, starch, supplemental irrigation, test weight

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

Proje Numarası

120 O 646

Kaynakça

• Abdi, H. and L.J. Williams. 2010. Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Encyclopedia of Research Design 3(1): 1-5.
• Anderson, W. K. and J. R. Garlinge. 2000. The wheat book: principle and practices; Department of Agriculture, Western Australia: Perth, WA, Australia
• Aydogan, S., M. Sahin, A. G. Akcacik and M. Turkoz. 2010. Assessment of advanced durum wheat lines for yield and quality traits at different environment. Harran Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences 14(4): 23-31.
• Boukid, F., E. Vittadini, B. Prandi, M. Mattarozzi, M. Marchini., S. Sforza, R. Sayar, Y. W. Seo, I. Yacoubi and M. Mejri. 2018. Insights into a century of breeding of durum wheat in Tunisia: The properties of flours and starches isolated from landraces, old and modern genotypes. LWT - Food Science and Technology 97: 743-751.
• Broccanello, C., D. Bellin, G. DalCorso, A. Furini and F. Taranto. 2023. Genetic approaches to exploit landraces for improvement of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum in the age of climate change. Frontiers in Plant Science 14: 1-14.
• Caliskan, S., M. S. Hashemi, M. Akkamis, R. I. Aytekin and M. Bedir. 2021. Effect of gibberellic acid on growth, tuber yield and quality in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops 26(2): 136-146.
• Calzarano, F., F. Stagnari, S. D’Egidio, G. Pagnani, A. Galieni, S. Di Marco, E. G. Metruccio and M. Pisante. 2018. Durum wheat quality, yield and sanitary status under conservation agriculture. Agriculture 8(9): 140.
• Cassel, D. K. and D. R. Nielsen. 1986. Field Capacity and Available Water Capacity. In Clute, A., ed., Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods, Agronomy Monograph No.9, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 901-926.
• Dalla Marta, A., D. Grifoni, M. Mancini, G. Zipoli and S. Orlandini. 2011. The influence of climate on durum wheat quality in Tuscany, Central Italy. International Journal of Biometeorology 55: 87–96.
• De Santis, M. A., M. Soccio, M. N. Laus and Z. Flagella. 2021. Influence of drought and salt stress on durum wheat grain quality and composition: A review. Plants 10(12): 2599.
• Du, Z., W. Tian, M. Tilley, D. Wang, G. Zhang and Y. Li. 2022. Quantitative assessment of wheat quality using near‐infrared spectroscopy: A comprehensive review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 21(3): 2956-3009.
• Erekul, O., K. P. Gotz and T. Gurbuz. 2012. Effect of supplemental irrigation on yield and bread making quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under the Mediterranean climatical conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 17(1): 78-86.
• El‐Khayat, G. H., J. Samaan, F. A. Manthey, M. P. Fuller and C. S. Brennan. 2006. Durum wheat quality I: some physical and chemical characteristics of Syrian durum wheat genotypes. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 41: 22-29.
• FAO. 2022. Food and agriculture data, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC, (Accessed April 4, 2023)
• Farooq, M., M. Hussain and K. H. Siddique. 2014. Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grain-filling periods. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 33 (4): 331-349.
• Ferrari, M. C., M. T. P. S. Clerici and Y. K. Chang. 2014. A comparative study among methods used for wheat flour analysis and for measurements of gluten properties using the wheat gluten quality analyser (WGQA). Food Science and Technology 34: 235-242.
• Flagella, Z., M. M. Giuliani, L. Giuzio, C. Volpi and S. Masci. 2010. Influence of water deficit on durum wheat storage protein composition and technological quality. European Journal of Agronomy 33(3): 197-207.
• Geisslitz, S., C. F. H. Longin, K. A. Scherf and P. Koehler. 2019. Comparative study on gluten protein composition of ancient (einkorn, emmer and spelt) and modern wheat species (durum and common wheat). Foods 8(9): 409.
• Jones, B. and J. Sall. 2011. JMP statistical discovery software. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics 3(3): 188-194.
• Kizilgeci, F., O. Albayrak and M. Yildirim. 2019. Evaluation of thirteen durum wheat (Triticium durum Desf.) genotypes suitable for multiple environments using GGE biplot analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 28(9): 6873-6882.
• Lafiandra, D., F. Sestili, R. D'Ovidio, M. Janni, E. Botticella, G. Ferrazzano, M. Silvestri, R. Ranieri and E. DeAmbrogio. 2010. Approaches for modification of starch composition in durum wheat. Cereal Chemistry 87(1): 28-34.
• Langridge, P. and M. Reynolds. 2021. Breeding for drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134: 1753-1769.
• Lobell, D. B., W. Schlenker and J. Costa-Roberts. 2011. Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science 333(6042): 616-620.
• Magallanes-López, A. M., K. Ammar, A. Morales-Dorantes, H. González-Santoyo, J. Crossa and C. Guzmán. 2017. Grain quality traits of commercial durum wheat varieties and their relationships with drought stress and glutenins composition. Journal of Cereal Science 75:1-9.
• Manai–Djebali, H., I. Oueslati, I. Nouairi, A. Taamalli, S. NaitMohamed, A. Mliki and A. Ghorbel. 2021. Chemical composition of durum wheat kernels: impact of the growing location. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration 6(1):1-11.
• Mastrangelo, A.M. and L. Cattivelli. 2021. What makes bread and durum wheat different? Trends in Plant Science 26(7): 677- 684.
• Mefleh, M., P. Conte, C. Fadda, F. Giunta, A. Piga, G. Hassoun and R. Motzo. 2019. From ancient to old and modern durum wheat varieties: Interaction among cultivar traits, management, and technological quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99(5): 2059-2067.
• Migliorini, P., S. Spagnolo, L. Torri, M. Arnoulet, G. Lazzerini and S. Ceccarelli. 2016. Agronomic and quality characteristics of old, modern and mixture wheat varieties and landraces for organic bread chain in diverse environments of northern Italy. European Journal of Agronomy 79: 131-141.
• Módenes, A. N., A. M. d. Silva and D. E. G. Trigueros. 2009. Rheological properties evaluation of stored wheat. Food Science and Technology 29: 508-512.
• Moradi, L., A. Siosemardeh, Y. Sohrabi, B. Bahramnejad and F. Hosseinpanahi. 2022. Effects of supplemental irrigation on the accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization of nitrogen, yield and water use efficiency of wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Nutrition 1-16.
• Morris, C. F. 2004. Cereals, Grain–Quality Attributes. Encyclopedia of Grain Science. W. Colin, ed. Elsevier: Oxford. 238-254.
• Nazco, R., D. Villegas, K. Ammar, R.J. Peña, M. Moragues and C. Royo. 2012. Can Mediterranean durum wheat landraces contribute to improved grain quality attributes in modern cultivars?. Euphytica 185: 1-17.
• Oner, K. and E. Kendal. 2012. Characterization of durum wheat landraces which collected in Mardin province. Dicle University Institute of Science and Technology 11(1): 137-156.
• Oweis, T., H. Zhang and M. Pala. 2000. Water use efficiency of rainfed and irrigated bread wheat in a Mediterranean environment. Agronomy Journal 92(2): 231-238.
• Oweis, T. and A. Hachum. 2009. Optimizing supplemental irrigation: Tradeoffs between profitability and sustainability. Agricultural Water Management 96(3): 511-516.
• Ozturk, I., T. Kahraman, A. Remzi, V. C. Girgin, T. H. Ciftcigil, A. Tulek and T. Bulent. 2017. Evaluation of durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) genotypes based on agronomic characters and quality parameters. Journal of Bahri Dagdas Crop Research 6(2): 33-43.
• Protic, R., M. Miric, N. Protic, Z. Jovanovic and P. Jovin. 2007. The test weight of several winter wheat genotypes under various sowing dates and nitrogen fertilizer rates. Romanian Agricultural Research 24: 43-36.
• Punia, H., S. Madan, A. Malik and S. K. Sethi. 2019. Stability analysis for quality attributes in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) genotypes. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48(4): 967-972. Saini, P., H. Kaur, V. Tyagi, P. Saini, N. Ahmed, H. S. Dhaliwal and I. Sheikh. 2022. Nutritional value and end-use quality of durum wheat. Cereal Research Communications. 1-12.
• Sakin, M., A. Sayaslan, O. Duzdemir and F. Yuksel. 2011. Quality characteristics of registered cultivars and advanced lines of durum wheats grown in different ecological regions of Turkey. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91(2): 261-271.
• Samaan, J., G. H. El‐Khayat, F. A. Manthey, M. P. Fuller and C. S. Brennan. 2006. Durum wheat quality: II. The relationship of kernel physicochemical composition to semolina quality and end product utilization. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 41: 47-55.
• Sarkar, A. and B.X. Fu. 2022. Impact of quality improvement and milling innovations on durum wheat and end products. Foods 11(12): 1796.
• Sayaslan, A., M. Koyuncu, A. Yildirim, T. Gulec, O. A. Sonmezoglu and N. Kandemir. 2012. Some quality characteristics of selected durum wheat (Triticum durum) landraces. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 36(6): 749-756.
• Schulthess, A., I. Matus and A. Schwember. 2013. Genotypic and environmental factors and their interactions determine semolina color of elite genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grown in different environments of Chile. Field Crops Research 149: 234-244.
• Sissons, M.J. 2004. Pasta. Encyclopedia of Grain Science. Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam. 410: 418.
• Sissons, M. 2008. Role of durum wheat composition on the quality of pasta and bread. Food 2(2): 75-90.
• Sissons, M., B. Ovenden, D. Adorada and A. Milgate. 2014. Durum wheat quality in high-input irrigation systems in south-eastern Australia. Crop and Pasture Science 65(5): 411-422.
• Sissons, M., G. Kadkol and J. Taylor. 2020. Genotype by environment effects on durum wheat quality and yieldimplications for breeding. Crop Breeding, Genetics and Genomics 2(4): 1-39.
• Sissons, M., S. Cutillo, I. Marcotuli and A. Gadaleta. 2021. Impact of durum wheat protein content on spaghetti in vitro starch digestion and technological properties. Journal of Cereal Science 98: 103156.
• Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publ. Company.
• Subira, J., R. J. Peña, F. Álvaro, K. Ammar, A. Ramdani and C. Royo. 2014. Breeding progress in the pasta-making quality of durum wheat cultivars released in Italy and Spain during the 20th Century. Crop and Pasture Science 65(1): 16-26.
• Suprayogi, Y., C.J. Pozniak, F.R. Clarke, J.M. Clarke, R. Knox and A.K. Singh. 2009. Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci for grain protein concentration in adapted Canadian durum wheat populations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 119: 437-448. Taghouti, M., F. Gaboun, N. Nsarellah, R. Rhrib, M. El-Haila, M. Kamar and S. M. Udupa.2010. Genotype x Environment interaction for quality traits in durum wheat cultivars adapted to different environments. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(21): 3054-3062.
• Tatar, O., U. Cakalogullari, F. A. Tonk, D. Istipliler and R. Karakoc. 2020. Effect of drought stress on yield and quality traits of common wheat during grain filling stage. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 25(2): 236-244.
• Tekdal, S., H. Kilic and B. Cam. 2018. Comparing of varieties, lines and landraces genotypes in terms of yield and quality in durum wheat. International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences 1 (3): 194-200.
• Thorwarth, P., G. Liu, E. Ebmeyer, J. Schacht, R. Schachschneider, E. Kazman, J.C. Reif, T. Wurschum and C. F. H. Longin. 2019. Dissecting the genetics underlying the relationship between protein content and grain yield in a large hybrid wheat population. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 132: 489-500.
• Troccoli, A., G. Borrelli, P. De Vita, C. Fares and N. Di Fonzo. 2000. Mini review: durum wheat quality: a multidisciplinary concept. Journal of Cereal Science 32 (2): 99-113.
• Vida, G., L. Szunics, O. Veisz, Z. Bedő, L. Láng, T. Árendás, P. Bónis and M. Rakszegi. 2014. Effect of genotypic, meteorological and agronomic factors on the gluten index of winter durum wheat. Euphytica 197 (1): 61-71.
• Wang, D., Z. Yu and P. J. White. 2013. The effect of supplemental irrigation after jointing on leaf senescence and grain filling in wheat. Field Crops Research 151: 35-44.
• Yavas, I., H. Nail and A. Unay. 2016. The applications to increase drought tolerance of plants. Turkish Journal of AgricultureFood Science and Technology 4 (1): 48-57.
• Yildirim, A. and A. Atasoy. 2020. Quality characteristics of some durum wheat varieties grown in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey (GAP). Harran Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences 24 (4): 420-431.
• Zadoks, J.C., T.T. Chang and C.F. Konzak. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14 (6): 415-421.
• Zhang, H., K. Han, S. Gu and D. Wang. 2019. Effects of supplemental irrigation on the accumulation, distribution and transportation of 13C-photosynthate, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Agricultural Water Management 214: 1-8.
• Zhang, S., S. Liu, L. Shen, S. Chen, L. He and A. Liu. 2022. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for the nondestructive analysis of wheat flour: A review. Current Research in Food Science 5:1305-1312.