The Relationship Between Health Literacy and Self-Efficacy in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 103 - 110, 31.12.2023

Kerime Öğüt Düzen , Ayşe Sezer Balcı

https://doi.org/10.56150/tjhsl.1311526

Öz

Aim: This study aims to analyze the relationship between health literacy and self-efficacy levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The descriptive correlational study was conducted with 486 individuals with diabetes who applied to the diabetes outpatient clinic of four state hospitals in Budur and Isparta provinces in Turkey. The Socio-Demographic Information Form, Diabetes Health Literacy Scale (DHLS) and Type 2 Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (Type 2-DSS) were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using percentile, mean, Man Whitney U t-test, independent groups t-test, Kruskal Wallis test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: The mean DHLS scores of the individuals participating in the study were 40.31±9.34 (min=14, max=56), and the mean scores of Type 2-DSS were 70.63±12.32 (min=34, max=97). A significant correlation was found between the participants DHLS score and education, reading diabetes-related books, newspapers, etc., their Type 2-DSS total score, and exercise self efficacy sub-dimension scores (R²=0.22, p<0.001).
Conclusion: It was revealed that the health literacy and self-efficacy levels of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were above the average, and the self-efficacy of individuals increased with the increase in health literacy level.

Anahtar Kelimeler

health literacy, self-efficacy, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Kaynakça

• International Diabetes Federation, IDF Diabetes Atlas, Available from: 2021, 10th edition, 2021 https://www.diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/2021/IDF Atlas 10th Edition 2021.pdf. (Accessed April 10, 2022).
• Public Health Institution of Turkey. Turkey Diabetes Program 2015-2020. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat db/Yayinlar/programlar/Turkiye-Diyabet-Programi.pdf. (Accessed April 12, 2022).
• Deshpande, A. D., Harris-Hayes, M., & Schootman, M. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Physical Therapy, 2008;8(11):1254–1264. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080020.
• Fransen, M. P., von Wagner, C., & Essink-Bot, M. L. Diabetes self-management in patient with low health literacy: ordering findings from literature in a health literacy framework. Patient Education and Counseling, 2012;88:44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.11.015
• Bohanny, W., Wu, S. F., Liu, C. Y., Yeh, S. H., Tsay, S. L., & Wang, T. J. Health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2013;25(9):495-502. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-7599.12017
• Funnell, M. M, Brown, T. L., Childs, B. P., Haas, L. B., Hosey, G. M., & Jensen, B. National standards for diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care, 2012;35(1):101-108. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-s101
• Soltani, F. (2015). The relationship between self-care and self-efficacy in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Kerman Master Thesis, Kerman, Iran: School of Nursing and Midwifery Secret, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
• Xu, X, Y., Leung, A. Y. M., & Chau, P. H. Health literacy, self-efficacy, and associated factors among patients with diabetes. Health Literacy Research and Practice, 2018;2(2):e67–e77. https://doi.org/10.3928/24748307-20180313-01
• Reisi, M., Mostafavi, F., Javadzade, H., Mahaki, B., Tavassoli, E., & Sharifirad, G. Impact of health literacy, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations on adherence to self-care behaviors in iranians with type 2 diabetes. Oman Medical Journal, 2016;31(1):52-59. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2016.10
• Lee, Y. J., Shin, S. J., Wang, R. H., Lin, K. D., Lee, Y. L. , & Wang, Y. H. Pathways of empowerment perceptions, health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patient Education and Counseling, 2016;99(2):287-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.08.021
• World Health Organization. Health literacy. The solid facts. from 2013 http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0008/190655/e96854.pdf. (Accessed April 10, 2022).
• Mackey, L. M., Doody, C., Werner, E. L., & Fullen, B. Self-Management skills in chronic disease management: What role does health literacy have?. Medical Decision Making, 2016;36(6):741-759. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X16638330
• Schaffler, J., Leung, K., Tremblay, S., Merdsoy, L., Belzile, E., Lambrou, A., & Lambert, S. D. The effectiveness of self-management interventions for individuals with low health literacy and/or low income: A descriptive systematic review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2018;33(4):510-523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4265-x
• Yilmazel, G., & Cetinkaya, F. Health literacy among schoolteachers in Çorum, Turkey. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2015;21(8):598-605. https://doi.org/10.26719/2015.21.8.598
• Sorensen, K., Pelikan, J. M., Röthlin, F., Ganahl, K., Slonska, Z., Doyle, G., Fullam, J., Kondilis, B., Agrafiotis, D., Uiters, E., Falcon, M., Mensing, M., Tchamov, K., van den Broucke, S., & Brand, H. Health literacy in Europe: compara-tive results of the European health literacy survey [HLS-EU]. European Journal of Public Health, 2015;25(6):1053–1058. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv043
• Tanrıover, M., Yıldırım, H., Ready, F. N. D. , Cakır, B., & Akalın, E. (2014). Turkey Health Literacy Survey. Health Sen Publications, 1st Edition; Ankara.
• Ozcan, G. (2019). Evaluation of the relationship between health literacy, self-effectiveness, and health outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eskişehir Osmangazi University Institute of Health Sciences Master Thesis.
• IDF Europe Members, https://idf.org/our-network/regions members/europe/members/163-turkey.html. (Accessed April 11, 2022).
• Agralı, H., & Akyar, I. Diyabetli erişkin hastalarda sağlık okuryazarlığı: ölçek geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Acibadem University Journal of Health Sciences, 2018;9(3): 314-321. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2018.31
• Kara, M., Van der Bij, J. J., Shortridge-Baggett, L. M., Asti, T., & Erguney, S. Cross-cultural adaptation of the diabetes management self-efficacy scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: scale development. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2006;43(5): 611-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.07.008
• Santos, M. I. P. , & Portella, M. R. Conditions of functional health literacy of an elderly diabetics group. Revista Brasileira Enfermermagem, 2016;69(1):156-164. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2016690121i
• Guner, T. A. , Kuzu, A., & Bayraktaroğlu, T. The relationship between health literacy and rational drug use in individuals with diabetes. Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 2020;3:214-223. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.775075
• Souza, J. G., Farfel, J. M., Jaluul, O., Queiroz, M. S., & Nery, M. Association between health literacy and glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and modifying effect of social support. Einstein (Sao Paulo), 2020;18:1-9. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020AO5572
• Ilhan, N., Telli S, Temel, B., & Astı, T. Health literacy and diabetes self-care in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Primary Care Diabetes, 2020;15(1):74-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2020.06.009
• Parlak, A. G., & Sahin, Z. A. Evaluation of the health literacy in diabetes patients. Journal of Global Health &Natural Sciences, 2021;4(2):113-125.
• Hussein, S. H., Almajran, A., & Albatineh, A. N. Prevalence of health literacy and its correlates among patients with type II diabetes in Kuwait: A population based study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2018;141:118-125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.04.033
• Singh, S., Acharya, S. D., Kamath, A., Ullal, S. D., & Urval, R. P. Health literacy status and understanding of the prescription instructions in diabetic patients. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018;1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4517243
• Ozkonuk, E., & Yılmaz, M. Relationship between health literacy and compliance with the treatment among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing,2019;16(2):96-103. https://doi.org/10.5222/HEAD.2019.096
• Eski, S., & Baysal, H. Y. An investigation of the diabetes health literacy level and compliance to the treatment in patients with diabetes in Turkey. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 2022;4(1):1-7. https://doi.org/ 10.38053/acmj.969412
• Finbråten, H. S., Guttersrud, Ø., Nordström, G., Pettersen, K. S., Trollvik, A., Larsson, B. W. Explaining variance in health literacy among people with type 2 diabetes: The association between health literacy and health behaviour and empowerment. BMC Public Health, 2020;20(161):1-12. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12889-020-8274-z
• Almigbal, T. H., Almutair, K. M., Vinluan, J. M., Batais, M. A., Alodhayani, A., Alonazi, W. B., Sheshah, E., Alhoqail, R. I. Association of health literacy and self-management practices and psychological factor among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 2019;40(11):1158- 1166. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2019.11.24585
• Eker, Y. (2021). The relationship of health literacy level with treatment compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kirklareli University Institute of Health Sciences Master Thesis.
• Ozcan, G., & Ozkahraman, A. The level of health literacy and affecting factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty, 2021;14(1):3-16.
• Ugurlu, Z., & Akgun, H. S. Evaluation of health literacy and appropriateness of the educational materials to the health literacy of the patients who applied to the healthcare centers. Mersin University Journal of Health Sciences, 2019;12(1):96-106. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.449973.
• Tozun, M., & Sozmen, M. K. Health Literacy with Perspective of Public Health. Smyrna Medical Journal, 2014:48-54.
• Kiziltepe, S.K., Koc, Z., Erdogan, T.K., & Saglam Z. Determination of self-efficacy levels of diabetic individuals. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Advances in Pure and Applied Sciences, 2019;11:55-70. https://doi.org/10.18844/gjpaas.v0i11.4313
• Kav, S., Yılmaz, A.A., Bulut, Y., & Doğan N. Self-efficacy, depression and self-care activities of people with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Collegian, 2017;24(1):27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.09.005
• Yanık, Y.T., & Erol Ö. Evaluation of self-efficacy levels of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2016;19(3):166-174. https://doi.org/10.17049/ahsbd.22818
• Messina, R., Rucci, P., Sturt, J., Mancini, T., & Fantini, M.P. Assessing self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes management: validation of the Italian version of the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (IT-DMSES). Health And Quality of Life Outcomes, 2018;16(1):71. . https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0901-3
• Masoompour, M., Tirgari, B., & Ghazanfari Z. The Relationship between Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Care Behaviors in Diabetic Patients. Evidence Based Care Journal, 2017;7(3):17-25. https://doi.org/10.22038/EBCJ.2017.24826.1551
• Taheri, N., Ghajari, H., & Shahbazi H. The association of health literacy with self-efficacy and self-care, in type 2 diabetes patients, Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2018;20(3):135-141.