Production and Characterization of AlNiOZnOp-SiAl Composite Photodiodes for Solar Energy Tracking Systems

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 109 - 119, 20.03.2022

Ezgi Gürgenç , Aydin Dikici , Fehmi Aslan

https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1071332

Cited By: 1

Öz

In present study, NiO:ZnO thin films in molar ratios of 1:0, 0:1, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 were formed on p-Si layers with aluminum (Al) bottom contact. Dynamic sol-gel spin coating method was used as coating method. Al top contacts were deposited on thin films and Al/NiO:ZnO/p-Si/Al photodiodes were fabricated. The structural and morphological properties of the photodiodes were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The photoresponse and electrical properties of the produced photodiodes were investigated by current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. Al/NiO:ZnO/p-Si/Al photodiodes were successfully produced. It was determined that the thin films formed were composed of nanostructures. All photodiodes were found to be sensitive to light. It was seen that the photosensitivity of composite photodiodes was higher than the pure photodiodes and photosensitivity decreased as the ZnO ratio increased. It was determined that the most sensitive photodiode to light was the composite photodiode with a NiO:ZnO ratio of 3:1, and the highest photosensitivity was measured as 3.12 x 103 at 100 mW/cm2 light intensity in this photodiode. In all photodiodes, the capacitance values decreased as the frequency increased. The results show that by changing the NiO:ZnO ratio, the photoresponse and electrical parameters of the photodiodes can be controlled and the produced photodiodes can be used as a photosensor in solar tracking systems and optoelectronic applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Semiconductor metal oxide, Sol-gel, Composite photodiode, Nanomaterial, Solar irradiation.

Destekleyen Kurum

Firat University Research Fund

Proje Numarası

(FUBAP-TEKF.21.11)

Teşekkür

The authors thank the Firat University Research Fund (FUBAP-TEKF.21.11) for their financial contribution to this research and the author Ezgi GURGENC would like to thank Council of Higher Education (CoHE) for its scholarship support with the 100/2000 Ph.D. scholarship.

Kaynakça

• [1] Ayşegül D. GÜNEŞ TAKİP SİSTEMLERİ İÇİN Al/P-Si/Zn: CuO/Al FOTODİYOTLARI. Physical Sciences 13(4): 64-75
• [2] Yang C-K, Cheng T-C, Cheng C-H, Wang C-C,Lee C-C. Open-loop altitude-azimuth concentrated solar tracking system for solar-thermal applications. Solar Energy 2017; 147(52-60
• [3] Nsengiyumva W, Chen S G, Hu L,Chen X. Recent advancements and challenges in Solar Tracking Systems (STS): A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018; 81(250-279
• [4] Chen C-P, Lin P-H, Chen L-Y, Ke M-Y, Cheng Y-W,Huang J. Nanoparticle-coated n-ZnO/p-Si photodiodes with improved photoresponsivities and acceptance angles for potential solar cell applications. Nanotechnology 2009; 20(24): 245204
• [5] Aslan F, Esen H,Yakuphanoglu F. The effect of coumarin addition on the electrical characteristics of Al/Coumarin: CdO/p-Si/Al photodiode prepared by drop casting technique. Optik 2019; 197(163203
• [6] Kavuran G, Gurgenç T,Özkaynak F. On the modeling of the multi-segment capacitance: a fractional-order model and Ag-doped SnO2 electrode fabrication. Journal of Materials Science 2022; 1-19
• [7] Afzal A M, Bae I-G, Aggarwal Y, Park J, Jeong H-R, Choi E H,Park B. Highly efficient self-powered perovskite photodiode with an electron-blocking hole-transport NiOx layer. Scientific reports 2021; 11(1): 1-14
• [8] Gozeh B A, Karabulut A, Ismael C B, Saleh S I,Yakuphanoglu F. Zn-doped CdO effects on the optical, electrical and photoresponse properties of heterojunctions-based photodiodes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2021; 872(159624
• [9] Liu H-Y,Huang Z-Y. Investigation of p-NiO/N-Ga₀. ₃Zn₀. ₇O Heterojunction Photodiodes for Ultraviolet-B Detection. IEEE Sensors Journal 2021; 21(19): 21486-21493
• [10] Abbasi M A, Ibupoto Z H, Khan A, Nur O,Willander M. Fabrication of UV photo-detector based on coral reef like p-NiO/n-ZnO nanocomposite structures. Materials Letters 2013; 108(149-152
• [11] Tataroğlu A, Al-Sehemi A G, Ilhan M, Al-Ghamdi A A,Yakuphanoglu F. Optical, electrical and photoresponse properties of Si-based diodes with NiO-doped TiO2 film prepared by sol-gel method. Silicon 2018; 10(3): 913-920
• [12] Pehlivanoglu S A. Fabrication of p-Si/n-NiO: Zn photodiodes and current/capacitance-voltage characterizations. Physica B: Condensed Matter 2021; 603(412482
• [13] Parida B, Kim S, Oh M, Jung S, Baek M, Ryou J-H,Kim H. Nanostructured-NiO/Si heterojunction photodetector. Materials science in Semiconductor Processing 2017; 71(29-34
• [14] Choi J-M,Im S. Ultraviolet enhanced Si-photodetector using p-NiO films. Applied Surface Science 2005; 244(1-4): 435-438
• [15] Yakuphanoglu F. Transparent metal oxide films based sensors for solar tracking applications. Composites Part B: Engineering 2016; 92(151-159
• [16] Ameen B A H, Yildiz A, Farooq W,Yakuphanoglu F. Solar light photodetectors based on nanocrystalline zinc oxide cadmium doped/p-Si heterojunctions. Silicon 2019; 11(1): 563-571
• [17] Khusayfan N M. Electrical and photoresponse properties of Al/graphene oxide doped NiO nanocomposite/p-Si/Al photodiodes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2016; 666(501-506
• [18] Sevik A, Coskun B,Soylu M. The effect of molar ratio on the photo-generated charge activity of ZnO–CdO composites. The European Physical Journal Plus 2020; 135(1): 65
• [19] Park N, Sun K, Sun Z, Jing Y,Wang D. High efficiency NiO/ZnO heterojunction UV photodiode by sol–gel processing. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2013; 1(44): 7333-7338
• [20] Gupta R, Hendi A, Cavas M, Al-Ghamdi A A, Al-Hartomy O A, Aloraini R, El-Tantawy F,Yakuphanoglu F. Improvement of photoresponse properties of NiO/p-Si photodiodes by copper dopant. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 2014; 56(288-295
• [21] Soylu M, Dere A, Al-Sehemi A G, Al-Ghamdi A A,Yakuphanoglu F. Effect of calcination and carbon incorporation on NiO nanowires for photodiode performance. Microelectronic Engineering 2018; 202(51-59
• [22] Al-Ghamdi A, Mahmoud W E, Yaghmour S J,Al-Marzouki F. Structure and optical properties of nanocrystalline NiO thin film synthesized by sol–gel spin-coating method. Journal of Alloys and compounds 2009; 486(1-2): 9-13
• [23] Zhao S, Shen Y, Zhou P, Zhang J, Zhang W, Chen X, Wei D, Fang P,Shen Y. Highly selective NO2 sensor based on p-type nanocrystalline NiO thin films prepared by sol–gel dip coating. Ceramics International 2018; 44(1): 753-759
• [24] Rasool A, Kumar S, Mamat M, Gopalakrishnan C,Amiruddin R. Analysis on different detection mechanisms involved in ZnO-based photodetector and photodiodes. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2020; 31(9): 7100-7113
• [25] Aslan F, Esen H,Yakuphanoglu F. Electrical and fotoconducting characterization of Al/coumarin: ZnO/Al novel organic-inorganic hybrid photodiodes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2019; 789(595-606
• [26] Karthick K, Kathirvel P, Marnadu R, Chakravarty S,Shkir M. Ultrafast one step direct injection flame synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and fabrication of p-Si/n-ZnO photodiode and characterization. Physica B: Condensed Matter 2021; 612(412971
• [27] Samavati A, Samavati Z, Ismail A, Othman M, Rahman M A, Zulhairun A,Amiri I. Structural, optical and electrical evolution of Al and Ga co-doped ZnO/SiO 2/glass thin film: role of laser power density. RSC advances 2017; 7(57): 35858-35868
• [28] Islam M R, Rahman M, Farhad S,Podder J. Structural, optical and photocatalysis properties of sol–gel deposited Al-doped ZnO thin films. Surfaces and Interfaces 2019; 16(120-126
• [29] Fazmir H, Wahab Y, Saadon S, Anuar A, Zainol M, Johari S, Mazalan M,Arshad M M. Study of ideal piezoelectric sandwich structure based on foot plantar pressure applications. J. Teknol. Sci. Eng. 2015; 72(1-6
• [30] Tataroğlu A, Aydın H, Al-Ghamdi A A, El-Tantawy F, Farooq W,Yakuphanoglu F. Photoconducting properties of Cd 0.4 ZnO 0.6/p-Si photodiode by sol gel method. Journal of Electroceramics 2014; 32(4): 369-375