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Identity of the Casuarina sp. in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 159 - 168, 31.12.2019

Öz

Sheoaks (Casuarina sp.) are a common ornamental and amenity trees grown in provinces of Turkey along the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts. In the literature this species is identified as Casuarina equisetifolia L., however, recent field observations have brought this into doubt. Qualitative and quantitative characters for 14 specimens (7 female and 7 male) collected from Izmir, Dalaman, Adana and Ceyhan, indicated that the correct determination is Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. This is a new record for Turkey for a species that is considered an invasive woody weed in up to 20 countries. However, as this species has been grown in Turkey of many decades and there is no evidence of naturalization, it is not considered to represent a potential threat and no immediate management action is considered necessary. 

Kaynakça

  • Birişçi T., Turel H., Ozeren Alkan M. (2017). Kültürpark ın Ağaç, Ağaççık ve Çalıları - Bitki Tanıtım Kitabı. Department of Landscape Architecture, Ege University Faculty of Agriculture and Metropolitan Municipality of Izmir, Izmir, Turkey. In Turkish.
  • CABI (2018a). Casuarina cunninghamiana. Invasive species compendium. CAB International, Wallingford (UK). Available: www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16711 [Accessed: 20.06.2018].
  • CABI (2018b). Casuarina equisetifolia. Invasive species compendium. CAB International, Wallingford (UK). Available: www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16718 [Accessed: 20.06.2018].
  • CABI (2018c). Casuarina glauca. Invasive species compendium. CAB International, Wallingford (UK). Available: www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16718 [Accessed: 20.06.2018].
  • Castle WS., Andreu A. (2017). Field guide to identify the common Casuarina (Australian pine) species in Florida. Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS Extension, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  • Groves RH. (1991). The biogeography of mediterranean plant invasions. In: Di Castri F., Groves RH. (eds). Biogeography of Mediterranean Invasions, pp. 427-438. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. ISBN 978-0-521-36040-1. pp. 427-438
  • Johnson LAS. (1982). Notes on Casuarinaceae II. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, 6:73-87.
  • McPherson EG., van Doorn N., de Goede J. (2016). Structure, function and value of street trees in California, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 17:104-115.
  • National Herbarium of New South Wales (2019). PlantNET - FloraOnline. Available: plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Casuarina [Accessed: 19.03.2019].
  • Orwa C., Mutua A., Kindt R., Jamnadass R., Simons A. (2009). Agroforestry Database 4.0. World Agroforestry Centre. Available: www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb [Accessed: 13.03.2019].
  • Pernas T., Wheeler G., Langeland K., Golden E., Purcell M., Taylor J., Brown K., Taylor DS., Allen E. (2013). Australian pine Casuarina equisetifolia L. Management plan for Florida. Recommendations from the Australian pine task force. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, Gainesville, Florida,USA.
  • Potgieter LJ., Richardson DM., Wilson JRU. (2014). Casuarina cunninghamiana in the Western Cape, South Africa: determinants of naturalisation and invasion, and options for management. South African Journal of Botany, 92:134-146.
  • Riley IT. (2019). A case for assessing Allocasuarina and Casuarina spp. for use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia, Turkey. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering [in press, accepted 5 May 2019].
  • Sever Mutlu S., Selim C., Ün G. (2017). Plant biodiversity of urban roadside trees in Antalya, Turkey. Kastamonu University, Journal of Forestry Faculty 17:80-87.
  • Uludag A., Aksoy N,. Yazlık A., Arslan ZF., Yazmış E., Uremis I., Cossu TA., Groom Q., Pergl J., Pyšek P., Brundu G. (2017). Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes. NeoBiota, 35:61-85.
  • Wagner WL., Herbst DR., Sohmer SH. (1999). Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii (Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication.). University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI, USA. ISBN 0-8248-2166-1.
  • Whistler WA., Elevitch CR. (2006). Casuarina equisetifolia (beach she-oak) and C. cunninghamiana (river she-oak) (ver 2.1). In: Elevitch CR. (ed). Traditional trees of Pacific Islands: their culture, environment, and use. Permanent Agriculture Resources, Honolulu, HI, USA. ISBN: 978-0-9702544-5-0. pp. 227-242.
  • Wilson KL., Johnson LAS (1989). Casuarinaceae. In: George AS. (ed). Flora of Australia. Vol. 3: Hamamelidales to Casuarinales. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, ACT, Australia. ISBN: 978-0-644-08499-4. pp. 100-174
  • Woodall SL., Geary TF. (1985). Identity of Florida casuarinas. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC, USA.
  • Xia N., Johnson LAS., Wilson KL. (1999). Casuarinaceae. Flora of China, 4:106-107.

Identity of the Casuarina sp. in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 159 - 168, 31.12.2019

Öz

Sheoaks (Casuarina sp.) are a common ornamental and amenity trees grown in provinces of Turkey along the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts. In the literature this species is identified as Casuarina equisetifolia L., however, recent field observations have brought this into doubt. Qualitative and quantitative characters for 14 specimens (7 female and 7 male) collected from Izmir, Dalaman, Adana and Ceyhan, indicated that the correct determination is Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. This is a new record for Turkey for a species that is considered an invasive woody weed in up to 20 countries. However, as this species has been grown in Turkey of many decades and there is no evidence of naturalization, it is not considered to represent a potential threat and no immediate management action is considered necessary. 

Kaynakça

  • Birişçi T., Turel H., Ozeren Alkan M. (2017). Kültürpark ın Ağaç, Ağaççık ve Çalıları - Bitki Tanıtım Kitabı. Department of Landscape Architecture, Ege University Faculty of Agriculture and Metropolitan Municipality of Izmir, Izmir, Turkey. In Turkish.
  • CABI (2018a). Casuarina cunninghamiana. Invasive species compendium. CAB International, Wallingford (UK). Available: www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16711 [Accessed: 20.06.2018].
  • CABI (2018b). Casuarina equisetifolia. Invasive species compendium. CAB International, Wallingford (UK). Available: www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16718 [Accessed: 20.06.2018].
  • CABI (2018c). Casuarina glauca. Invasive species compendium. CAB International, Wallingford (UK). Available: www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16718 [Accessed: 20.06.2018].
  • Castle WS., Andreu A. (2017). Field guide to identify the common Casuarina (Australian pine) species in Florida. Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS Extension, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  • Groves RH. (1991). The biogeography of mediterranean plant invasions. In: Di Castri F., Groves RH. (eds). Biogeography of Mediterranean Invasions, pp. 427-438. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. ISBN 978-0-521-36040-1. pp. 427-438
  • Johnson LAS. (1982). Notes on Casuarinaceae II. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, 6:73-87.
  • McPherson EG., van Doorn N., de Goede J. (2016). Structure, function and value of street trees in California, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 17:104-115.
  • National Herbarium of New South Wales (2019). PlantNET - FloraOnline. Available: plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Casuarina [Accessed: 19.03.2019].
  • Orwa C., Mutua A., Kindt R., Jamnadass R., Simons A. (2009). Agroforestry Database 4.0. World Agroforestry Centre. Available: www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb [Accessed: 13.03.2019].
  • Pernas T., Wheeler G., Langeland K., Golden E., Purcell M., Taylor J., Brown K., Taylor DS., Allen E. (2013). Australian pine Casuarina equisetifolia L. Management plan for Florida. Recommendations from the Australian pine task force. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, Gainesville, Florida,USA.
  • Potgieter LJ., Richardson DM., Wilson JRU. (2014). Casuarina cunninghamiana in the Western Cape, South Africa: determinants of naturalisation and invasion, and options for management. South African Journal of Botany, 92:134-146.
  • Riley IT. (2019). A case for assessing Allocasuarina and Casuarina spp. for use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia, Turkey. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering [in press, accepted 5 May 2019].
  • Sever Mutlu S., Selim C., Ün G. (2017). Plant biodiversity of urban roadside trees in Antalya, Turkey. Kastamonu University, Journal of Forestry Faculty 17:80-87.
  • Uludag A., Aksoy N,. Yazlık A., Arslan ZF., Yazmış E., Uremis I., Cossu TA., Groom Q., Pergl J., Pyšek P., Brundu G. (2017). Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes. NeoBiota, 35:61-85.
  • Wagner WL., Herbst DR., Sohmer SH. (1999). Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii (Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication.). University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI, USA. ISBN 0-8248-2166-1.
  • Whistler WA., Elevitch CR. (2006). Casuarina equisetifolia (beach she-oak) and C. cunninghamiana (river she-oak) (ver 2.1). In: Elevitch CR. (ed). Traditional trees of Pacific Islands: their culture, environment, and use. Permanent Agriculture Resources, Honolulu, HI, USA. ISBN: 978-0-9702544-5-0. pp. 227-242.
  • Wilson KL., Johnson LAS (1989). Casuarinaceae. In: George AS. (ed). Flora of Australia. Vol. 3: Hamamelidales to Casuarinales. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, ACT, Australia. ISBN: 978-0-644-08499-4. pp. 100-174
  • Woodall SL., Geary TF. (1985). Identity of Florida casuarinas. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC, USA.
  • Xia N., Johnson LAS., Wilson KL. (1999). Casuarinaceae. Flora of China, 4:106-107.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İan Timothy Rıley

Leyla Nur Korkmaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2884-2472

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Rıley, İ. T., & Korkmaz, L. N. (2019). Identity of the Casuarina sp. in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 22(2), 159-168.

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