The Presentatıon Of Readıng Habıt In The Propaganda Posters Shaped By The Chınese Culture Revolutıon In The Chınese Republıc

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 406 - 431, 03.09.2020

Mehmet Ali Gazi , Caner Çakı , Mehmet Ozan Gülada , Gül Çakı

https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.778685

Cited By: 5

Öz

The Chinese Cultural Revolution (CCR), which took place between 1966-1976, engraved in the social and cultural life of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Publications believed to harm the Chinese Communist Revolution and Mao's leadership cult were destroyed. In the revolution where the Red Guards (红卫兵) were at the forefront, libraries and universities were attacked and the publications representing the "old society" were burned. Ancient and classical works were banned in the country and publications promoting the revolution were brought to the fore. In addition, the Chinese people were encouraged to read Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (毛主席 语录). During the revolution, posters were used as an effective propaganda tool and messages were given on the posters about what the Chinese people should read and not. It was aimed to reveal the direction of reading habit with CCR in PRC through propaganda posters in the study. 9 propaganda posters determined using the quota sample were analyzed using the semiotics method in terms of the concepts of French linguist Roland Barthes. It was stated that the Chinese people experienced a cultural struggle and this struggle could be overcome by reading publications that praise Mao and the revolution. In this way, it was revealed that it was aimed to form individuals loyal to Mao and the revolution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chinese cultural revolution, reading habit, chin, propaganda, mao

Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Kültür Devrimi Sürecinde Okuma Alışkanlığının Propaganda Posterlerinde Sunumu

Öz

1966-1976 yılları arasında gerçekleşen Çin Kültür Devrimi (ÇKD), Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nin (ÇHC) toplumsal ve kültürel yaşamında derin izler bırakmaktadır. Çin Komünist Devrimi'ne ve Mao'nun liderlik kültüne zarar vereceğine inanılan eserler tahrip edilmektedir. Kızıl Muhafızlar'ın (红卫兵) ön planda olduğu devrimde, kütüphaneler ve üniversiteler basılmakta, "eski toplumu" temsil eden yayınlar yakılmaktadır. Ülkede eski ve klasik eserler yasaklanmakta, onların yerine devrimi yücelten yayınları ön plana çıkarılmaktadır. Ayrıca Çin halkının, Başkan Mao'nun Sözleri (毛主席语录) adlı kitabı okuması teşvik edilmektedir. Devrim sırasında posterler etkili birer propaganda aracı olarak kullanılmakta ve posterler üzerinden Çin halkının neyi okuyup neyi okumaması konusunda mesajlar verilmektedir. Çalışmada propaganda posterleri üzerinden ÇHC'de ÇKD ile birlikte okuma alışkanlığının ne yönde şekillendiğinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada kota örneklemi kullanılarak belirlenen 9 propaganda posteri, Fransız dilbilimci Roland Barthes'ın kavramları özelinde göstergebilim yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Posterlerde Çin halkının kültürel yönden bir mücadele yaşadığı anlatılmakta, bu mücadeleden de Mao ve devrimi öven yayınları okumasıyla üstün gelebileceği belirtilmektedir Bu şekilde Mao ve devrime bağlı bireylerin oluşmasının amaçlandığı ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çin kültür devrimi, okuma alışkanlığı, çin,, propaganda, mao

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