Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 44 - 64, 30.06.2020

Hilal Sena Çifcibaşı , Alperen Elibol , Berkay Kef , Bengisu Gür , Selin Kolsuz , Berra Kurtoğlu , Hasan Orkun İpsalalı , Nazlıcan Kükürtcü , Ece Şenyiğit , Ekin Altınbaş Berfin Tan , Aslı Göztepe Alperen Taha Certel , Arda Ulaş Mutlu , Burak Bardakçı Elif Cengiz , Nigar Keleş Çelik Can Erzik Mehmet Ziya Doymaz Serkan Atıcı Melike Şahiner , Selis Gülseven Güven

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG et al. A pneumonia outbreak as- sociated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020;579(7798):270-3.
  • 2. Report of clustering pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wu- han City. Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. (cited 2020 May 25). Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-janu- ary-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/.
  • 3. Lai CC, Shih TP, Koc WC et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (CO- VID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;55(3)105924.
  • 4. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J 2020;55(5):2000547.
  • 5. Xia S, Zhu Y, Liu M et al. Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein. Cell Moll Immunol 2020 February 11 (cited 2020 May 6). Available from: URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-020-0374-2.
  • 6. Yi Y, Lagniton PNP, Ye S et al. COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020;16(10):1753‐66.
  • 7. Symptoms of Coronavirus. Centers for Disease Control and Pre- vention 2020 May 13. Available from: URL:www.cdc.gov/coronavi- rus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html.
  • 8. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmis- sion of COVID-19. Jama 2020;323(14):1406.
  • 9. Boopathi S, Poma AB, Kolandaivel P. Novel 2019 coronavirus structure, mechanism of action, antiviral drug promises and rule out against its treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020 Apr 20. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1758788. [Epub ahead of print].
  • 10. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y et al. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020;10(2):102–8. 11. Petruzzi G, Virgilio AD, Pichi B et al. COVID‐19: nasal and oropharyngeal swab. Head & Neck 2020;42(6):1303-4. doi:10.1002/ hed.26212. [Epub ahead of print].
  • 12. Clinical Specimens: Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020 May. Available from: UR- L:https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/guidelines-clini- cal-specimens.html.
  • 13. Li Y, Xia L. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): role of chest CT in diagnosis and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020 Mar;4:1-7. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.22954 [Epub ahead of print].
  • 14. Wu W, Xu Z, Jin Y et al. Key points of clinical and CT imaging fe- atures of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) imported pneumonia based on 21 cases analysis. 2020 Jun. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/202 0.03.03.20030775. [Epub ahead of print].
  • 15. Cui J, Li F, Shi Z. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviru- ses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019;17(3):181-92.
  • 16. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (CO- VID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;55(3):1-29.
  • 17. Chang D, Xu H, Rebaza A et al. Protecting health-care wor- kers from subclinical coronavirus infection. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8(3):1-13.
  • 18. Whelan A, Prescott J, Young G et al. Guidance on medical stu- dents' clinical participation: effective immediately. Acad Med 2020 Apr 14;1:1-6.
  • 19. Whelan A, Prescott J, Young G et al. Interim guidance on medical students' participation in direct patient contact activities: principles and guidelines. Acad Med 2020 March 30;1:1-3.
  • 20. Amante A, Balmer C. Italy rushes new doctors into service as coronavirus deaths rise above 2,500. Reuters 2020 (cited 2020 May 6). Available from: URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-co- ronavirus-italy-idUSKBN214245.
  • 21. Taghrir MH, Borazjani R, Shiraly R. COVID-19 and Iranian me- dical students; a survey on their related-knowledge, preventive beha- viors and risk perception. Arch Iran Med 2020;23(4):249-54.
  • 22. Soled D, Goel S, Barry D et al. Medical student mobilization during a crisis: lessons from a COVID-19 medical student respon- se team. Acad Med 2020;10. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003401. [Epud ahead of print].
  • 23. Wang M, Han X, Fang H et al. Impact of health education on knowledge and behaviors toward infectious diseases among students in Gansu province, China. Biomed Res Int 2018.
  • 24. Xu J, Zhao S, Teng T et al. Systematic comparison of two ani- mal-to-human transmitted human coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Viruses 2020;12(2):244.
  • 25. COVID-19 and animals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from: URL:https://www.cdc.gov/coronavi- rus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/animals.html.
  • 26. Leroy EM, Gouilh MA, Brugère-Picoux J. The risk of SARS- CoV-2 transmission to pets and other wild and domestic animals strongly mandates a one-health strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic. One Health 2020;100133.
  • 27. Who's at higher risk from coronavirus. National Health Servi- ce. Available from: URL: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavi- rus-covid-19/people-at-higher-risk/whos-at-higher-risk-from-coro- navirus/.
  • 28. Groups at higher risk for severe illness. Centers for Disease Cont- rol and Prevention. Available from: URL: https://www.cdc.gov/coro- navirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/groups-at-higher-risk. html.
  • 29. Zhang L, Jiang Y, Wei M et al. Analysis of the pregnancy outco- mes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei province. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020;55(3):166-71.
  • 30. Jiang X, Rayner S, Luo MH. Does SARS‐CoV‐2 has a longer in- cubation period than SARS and MERS?. J Med Virol 2020;92:476-8.
  • 31. Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) out- side of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ 2020;368:m606.
  • 32. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C et al. COVID‐19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med 2020;10.
  • 33. Li L, Huang T, Wang Y et al. COVID‐19 patients' clinical charac- teristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta‐analysis. J Med Virol 2020;92:577-83.
  • 34. Kong W, Wang Y, Hu J et al. Comparison of clinical and epide- miological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS- CoV-2 infection: a multi-center study in Sichuan province, China. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020.
  • 35. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu) (bilim kurulu çalışması) genel bilgiler, epidemioloji ve tanı. (serial online) (cited 2020 June 1). Available from: URL: https://covid19bil- gi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/covid-19-rehberi/COVID-19_REH- BERI_GENEL_BILGILER_EPIDEMIYOLOJI_VE_TANI.pdf.
  • 36. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (serial online) 2020 May (cited 2020 June 1). Available from: URL: https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,65622/koronavi- ruse-karsi-mucadelemiz-yakin-donemlerdeki-en-buyuk-seferberli- gimizdir.html.
  • 37. Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH et al. Current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccines for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020;30(3):313–24.
  • 38. Li Y, Xia L. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): role of chest CT in diagnosis and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020;214:1280-6.
  • 39. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Laboratory testing for 2019-nCoV in humans. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/ technical-guidance/laboratory-guidance.
  • 40. Interim guidelines for collecting, handling, and testing clinical specimens for COVID-19. Centers for Disease Control and Preventi- on. Available from: URL: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-n- cov/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html.
  • 41. Gu J, Han B, Wang J. COVID-19: gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal–oral transmission. Gastro J 2020;158(6):1518-9.
  • 42. Banerjee D, Rai M. Social isolation in Covid-19: the im- pact of loneliness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2020. Available from: URL:https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/ epub/10.1177/0020764020922269.
  • 43. Chen WH, Strych U, Hotez PJ et al. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pipeline: an overview. Curr Trop Med Rep 2020;1‐4.
  • 44. Agalar C, Ozturk Engin D. Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel. Turk J Med Sci 2020;50(3):578–84.
  • 45. Ma QX, Shan H, Zhang HL et al. Potential utilities of mask-wea- ring and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol. 2020;10.
  • 46. Strohbehn C, Sneed J, Paez P et al. Hand washing frequ- encies and procedures used in retail food services. J Food Prot 2008;71(8):1641‐50.
  • 47. Khot UN. Navigating healthcare supply shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cardiologist's perspective. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2020;13(6):e006801.
  • 48. Liu S, Liu Y, Liu Y. Somatic symptoms and concern regarding COVID-19 among Chinese college and primary school students: a cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res 2020 May 15;289:113070.
  • 49. Bastani P, Bahrami MA. COVID-19 related misinformation on social media: a qualitative study from Iran. J Med Internet Res 5 Ap- ril 2020.
  • 50. Ferrel MN, Ryan JJ. The impact of COVID-19 on medical educa- tion. Cureus 31 March 2020; 12(3).

THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 44 - 64, 30.06.2020

Hilal Sena Çifcibaşı , Alperen Elibol , Berkay Kef , Bengisu Gür , Selin Kolsuz , Berra Kurtoğlu , Hasan Orkun İpsalalı , Nazlıcan Kükürtcü , Ece Şenyiğit , Ekin Altınbaş Berfin Tan , Aslı Göztepe Alperen Taha Certel , Arda Ulaş Mutlu , Burak Bardakçı Elif Cengiz , Nigar Keleş Çelik Can Erzik Mehmet Ziya Doymaz Serkan Atıcı Melike Şahiner , Selis Gülseven Güven

Öz

Aims: This study aims to evaluate medical students’ knowledge, thoughts, and awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic. Metho- ds: A questionnaire consisting of 31 questions was prepared for this descriptive study. In the questionnaire, medical students’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated. Categorical variables are demonstrated as numbers and percentages, whereas continuous variables are presented as minimum, maximum, and mean values. Results: A total of 575 participants completed the questionnaire. The mean participant age was 21.7 years. Fifty-two percent of participants knew about the coronaviridae family before the outbreak and 38.8% were informed about COVID-19 in their medical schools. Of the students, 99.7% stated that the first case’s origin was in China. Eighty percent of the participants stated that droplet spread is the transmission route of COVID-19. The most common opinion about the incubation period of the SARS CoV-2 was two to twelve days. Being older than 65 years old, having a comorbidity, being immunosuppressed, or working in the healthcare sector were the most particular risk factors to get infected. The majority of the participants follow the vaccine developments from social media, radio and television. According to 75.83% of the participants, all people should wear a mask in daily life for protection. Conclusion: The epidemiology and diagnostic factors of COVID-19 are well known by medical students. To minimize informa- tion pollution and raise awareness, medical students should be educated about pandemic and management of it. Further evalu- ation with various methods and more participants may help to better understand the awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic in medical students.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 SARS CoV-2 medical student pandemic

Kaynakça

  • 1. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG et al. A pneumonia outbreak as- sociated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020;579(7798):270-3.
  • 2. Report of clustering pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wu- han City. Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. (cited 2020 May 25). Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-janu- ary-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/.
  • 3. Lai CC, Shih TP, Koc WC et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (CO- VID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;55(3)105924.
  • 4. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J 2020;55(5):2000547.
  • 5. Xia S, Zhu Y, Liu M et al. Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein. Cell Moll Immunol 2020 February 11 (cited 2020 May 6). Available from: URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-020-0374-2.
  • 6. Yi Y, Lagniton PNP, Ye S et al. COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020;16(10):1753‐66.
  • 7. Symptoms of Coronavirus. Centers for Disease Control and Pre- vention 2020 May 13. Available from: URL:www.cdc.gov/coronavi- rus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html.
  • 8. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmis- sion of COVID-19. Jama 2020;323(14):1406.
  • 9. Boopathi S, Poma AB, Kolandaivel P. Novel 2019 coronavirus structure, mechanism of action, antiviral drug promises and rule out against its treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020 Apr 20. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1758788. [Epub ahead of print].
  • 10. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y et al. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020;10(2):102–8. 11. Petruzzi G, Virgilio AD, Pichi B et al. COVID‐19: nasal and oropharyngeal swab. Head & Neck 2020;42(6):1303-4. doi:10.1002/ hed.26212. [Epub ahead of print].
  • 12. Clinical Specimens: Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020 May. Available from: UR- L:https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/guidelines-clini- cal-specimens.html.
  • 13. Li Y, Xia L. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): role of chest CT in diagnosis and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020 Mar;4:1-7. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.22954 [Epub ahead of print].
  • 14. Wu W, Xu Z, Jin Y et al. Key points of clinical and CT imaging fe- atures of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) imported pneumonia based on 21 cases analysis. 2020 Jun. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/202 0.03.03.20030775. [Epub ahead of print].
  • 15. Cui J, Li F, Shi Z. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviru- ses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019;17(3):181-92.
  • 16. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (CO- VID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;55(3):1-29.
  • 17. Chang D, Xu H, Rebaza A et al. Protecting health-care wor- kers from subclinical coronavirus infection. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8(3):1-13.
  • 18. Whelan A, Prescott J, Young G et al. Guidance on medical stu- dents' clinical participation: effective immediately. Acad Med 2020 Apr 14;1:1-6.
  • 19. Whelan A, Prescott J, Young G et al. Interim guidance on medical students' participation in direct patient contact activities: principles and guidelines. Acad Med 2020 March 30;1:1-3.
  • 20. Amante A, Balmer C. Italy rushes new doctors into service as coronavirus deaths rise above 2,500. Reuters 2020 (cited 2020 May 6). Available from: URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-co- ronavirus-italy-idUSKBN214245.
  • 21. Taghrir MH, Borazjani R, Shiraly R. COVID-19 and Iranian me- dical students; a survey on their related-knowledge, preventive beha- viors and risk perception. Arch Iran Med 2020;23(4):249-54.
  • 22. Soled D, Goel S, Barry D et al. Medical student mobilization during a crisis: lessons from a COVID-19 medical student respon- se team. Acad Med 2020;10. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003401. [Epud ahead of print].
  • 23. Wang M, Han X, Fang H et al. Impact of health education on knowledge and behaviors toward infectious diseases among students in Gansu province, China. Biomed Res Int 2018.
  • 24. Xu J, Zhao S, Teng T et al. Systematic comparison of two ani- mal-to-human transmitted human coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Viruses 2020;12(2):244.
  • 25. COVID-19 and animals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from: URL:https://www.cdc.gov/coronavi- rus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/animals.html.
  • 26. Leroy EM, Gouilh MA, Brugère-Picoux J. The risk of SARS- CoV-2 transmission to pets and other wild and domestic animals strongly mandates a one-health strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic. One Health 2020;100133.
  • 27. Who's at higher risk from coronavirus. National Health Servi- ce. Available from: URL: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavi- rus-covid-19/people-at-higher-risk/whos-at-higher-risk-from-coro- navirus/.
  • 28. Groups at higher risk for severe illness. Centers for Disease Cont- rol and Prevention. Available from: URL: https://www.cdc.gov/coro- navirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/groups-at-higher-risk. html.
  • 29. Zhang L, Jiang Y, Wei M et al. Analysis of the pregnancy outco- mes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei province. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020;55(3):166-71.
  • 30. Jiang X, Rayner S, Luo MH. Does SARS‐CoV‐2 has a longer in- cubation period than SARS and MERS?. J Med Virol 2020;92:476-8.
  • 31. Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) out- side of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ 2020;368:m606.
  • 32. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C et al. COVID‐19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med 2020;10.
  • 33. Li L, Huang T, Wang Y et al. COVID‐19 patients' clinical charac- teristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta‐analysis. J Med Virol 2020;92:577-83.
  • 34. Kong W, Wang Y, Hu J et al. Comparison of clinical and epide- miological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS- CoV-2 infection: a multi-center study in Sichuan province, China. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020.
  • 35. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu) (bilim kurulu çalışması) genel bilgiler, epidemioloji ve tanı. (serial online) (cited 2020 June 1). Available from: URL: https://covid19bil- gi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/covid-19-rehberi/COVID-19_REH- BERI_GENEL_BILGILER_EPIDEMIYOLOJI_VE_TANI.pdf.
  • 36. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (serial online) 2020 May (cited 2020 June 1). Available from: URL: https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,65622/koronavi- ruse-karsi-mucadelemiz-yakin-donemlerdeki-en-buyuk-seferberli- gimizdir.html.
  • 37. Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH et al. Current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccines for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020;30(3):313–24.
  • 38. Li Y, Xia L. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): role of chest CT in diagnosis and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020;214:1280-6.
  • 39. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Laboratory testing for 2019-nCoV in humans. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/ technical-guidance/laboratory-guidance.
  • 40. Interim guidelines for collecting, handling, and testing clinical specimens for COVID-19. Centers for Disease Control and Preventi- on. Available from: URL: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-n- cov/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html.
  • 41. Gu J, Han B, Wang J. COVID-19: gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal–oral transmission. Gastro J 2020;158(6):1518-9.
  • 42. Banerjee D, Rai M. Social isolation in Covid-19: the im- pact of loneliness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2020. Available from: URL:https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/ epub/10.1177/0020764020922269.
  • 43. Chen WH, Strych U, Hotez PJ et al. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pipeline: an overview. Curr Trop Med Rep 2020;1‐4.
  • 44. Agalar C, Ozturk Engin D. Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel. Turk J Med Sci 2020;50(3):578–84.
  • 45. Ma QX, Shan H, Zhang HL et al. Potential utilities of mask-wea- ring and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol. 2020;10.
  • 46. Strohbehn C, Sneed J, Paez P et al. Hand washing frequ- encies and procedures used in retail food services. J Food Prot 2008;71(8):1641‐50.
  • 47. Khot UN. Navigating healthcare supply shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cardiologist's perspective. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2020;13(6):e006801.
  • 48. Liu S, Liu Y, Liu Y. Somatic symptoms and concern regarding COVID-19 among Chinese college and primary school students: a cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res 2020 May 15;289:113070.
  • 49. Bastani P, Bahrami MA. COVID-19 related misinformation on social media: a qualitative study from Iran. J Med Internet Res 5 Ap- ril 2020.
  • 50. Ferrel MN, Ryan JJ. The impact of COVID-19 on medical educa- tion. Cureus 31 March 2020; 12(3).
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hilal Sena Çifcibaşı 0000-0002-9507-1092

Alperen Elibol 0000-0003-2401-088X

Berkay Kef 0000-0002-5970-7815

Bengisu Gür 0000-0002-4280-3317

Selin Kolsuz 0000-0002-9067-9939

Berra Kurtoğlu 0000-0002-9085-7563

Hasan Orkun İpsalalı 0000-0002-1199-6208

Nazlıcan Kükürtcü 0000-0003-0113-197X

Ece Şenyiğit 0000-0002-0108-976X

Ekin Altınbaş Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4954-305X

Berfin Tan 0000-0002-9256-7631

Aslı Göztepe Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9522-7130

Alperen Taha Certel 0000-0002-9816-9140

Arda Ulaş Mutlu 0000-0001-7499-7155

Burak Bardakçı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0541-6991

Elif Cengiz 0000-0002-5902-2904

Nigar Keleş Çelik Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8925-3618

Can Erzik Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7914-1169

Mehmet Ziya Doymaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2066-0252

Serkan Atıcı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3329-1866

Melike Şahiner 0000-0001-6561-7675

Selis Gülseven Güven 0000-0002-7862-0758

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çifcibaşı, H. S., Elibol, A., Kef, B., Gür, B., vd. (2020). THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Turkish Medical Student Journal, 7(2), 44-64.
AMA Çifcibaşı HS, Elibol A, Kef B, Gür B, Kolsuz S, Kurtoğlu B, İpsalalı HO, Kükürtcü N, Şenyiğit E, Altınbaş E, Tan B, Göztepe A, Certel AT, Mutlu AU, Bardakçı B, Cengiz E, Keleş Çelik N, Erzik C, Doymaz MZ, Atıcı S, Şahiner M, Güven SG. THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. TMSJ. Haziran 2020;7(2):44-64.
Chicago Çifcibaşı, Hilal Sena, Alperen Elibol, Berkay Kef, Bengisu Gür, Selin Kolsuz, Berra Kurtoğlu, Hasan Orkun İpsalalı, Nazlıcan Kükürtcü, Ece Şenyiğit, Ekin Altınbaş, Berfin Tan, Aslı Göztepe, Alperen Taha Certel, Arda Ulaş Mutlu, Burak Bardakçı, Elif Cengiz, Nigar Keleş Çelik, Can Erzik, Mehmet Ziya Doymaz, Serkan Atıcı, Melike Şahiner, ve Selis Gülseven Güven. “THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Turkish Medical Student Journal 7, sy. 2 (Haziran 2020): 44-64.
EndNote Çifcibaşı HS, Elibol A, Kef B, Gür B, Kolsuz S, Kurtoğlu B, İpsalalı HO, Kükürtcü N, Şenyiğit E, Altınbaş E, Tan B, Göztepe A, Certel AT, Mutlu AU, Bardakçı B, Cengiz E, Keleş Çelik N, Erzik C, Doymaz MZ, Atıcı S, Şahiner M, Güven SG (01 Haziran 2020) THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Turkish Medical Student Journal 7 2 44–64.
IEEE H. S. Çifcibaşı, “THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”, TMSJ, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 44–64, 2020.
ISNAD Çifcibaşı, Hilal Sena vd. “THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Turkish Medical Student Journal 7/2 (Haziran 2020), 44-64.
JAMA Çifcibaşı HS, Elibol A, Kef B, Gür B, Kolsuz S, Kurtoğlu B, İpsalalı HO, Kükürtcü N, Şenyiğit E, Altınbaş E, Tan B, Göztepe A, Certel AT, Mutlu AU, Bardakçı B, Cengiz E, Keleş Çelik N, Erzik C, Doymaz MZ, Atıcı S, Şahiner M, Güven SG. THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. TMSJ. 2020;7:44–64.
MLA Çifcibaşı, Hilal Sena vd. “THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Turkish Medical Student Journal, c. 7, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 44-64.
Vancouver Çifcibaşı HS, Elibol A, Kef B, Gür B, Kolsuz S, Kurtoğlu B, İpsalalı HO, Kükürtcü N, Şenyiğit E, Altınbaş E, Tan B, Göztepe A, Certel AT, Mutlu AU, Bardakçı B, Cengiz E, Keleş Çelik N, Erzik C, Doymaz MZ, Atıcı S, Şahiner M, Güven SG. THOUGHTS AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. TMSJ. 2020;7(2):44-6.
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