Körfez’de Suudi Arabistan-İran İşbirliği Üzerinden ABD’nin Güvenlik Politikası: “Çifte Sütun” Politikası

Yıl 2017, , 171 - 198, 29.12.2017

Hafiz Mammadov

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.309830

Öz

İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra
Ortadoğu’da uzun süre varolan İngiltere’nin etkisi bölgede azalmaya başlamıştı. İngiliz hükümeti, özellikle ekonomik kriz gibi bazı
nedenlerden dolayı 1960'ların sonlarına doğru Basra Körfezi'nden çekilme kararı
aldı. Kimilerine göre vicdani bir süreçin sonucu olan bu çekilme, Körfez’de
ciddi bir güç boşluğunu da beraberinde getirmiş oldu. Körfez’e inmeyi planlayan
Sovyetler Birliği’nin bu boşluğu dolduracağından endişe-lenen ABD yönetimi,
Körfez’de iki önemli güç olan İran ve Suudi Arabistan’ı Sovyet ve Komünist
tehditine karşı işbirliğine teşvik etti. Bu işbirliği ve güvenlik politikası bölgede “Çifte
Sütun” politikası adı altında uygulamaya kondu.  Başkan Nixon döneminde uygu-lamaya konulan bu
güvenlik politikası, Nixon Doktrininin bir parçası olarak bölge ülkelerine
silah satmak yoluyla güvenliklerini sağlamayı amaçlıyordu. “Çifte Sütun”
politikası Başkan Ford ve Başkan Carter döneminde de devam ettirilmiş, fakat
İran İslam Devrimi ile son bulmuştur. Bu çalışmada “Çifte Sütun” politikasına
giden süreç, Başkan Nixon’un dış politika algısı ve “Çifte Sütun” politikasının
uygulanması ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca bu politikanın güçlü aktörü olan İran’ın
Körfez güvenliğinde oynadığı rol, “Çifte Sütun” politikasında yaşanan
kırılmalar, Başkan Ford ve Başkan Carter döneminde bu politikanın işleyişi ve
silah satışları da incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Körfez Güvenliği, İran, Suudi Arabistan, Çifte Sütun Politikası, ABD, Silah Satışı

The USA Security Policy in the Gulf Based on Saudi Arabia-Iran Cooperation: The “Twin Pillars” Policy

Öz

It seems that Britain, which has long been
effective in the Middle East, started to gradually withdraw from the region
after the Second World War. The British Government took decision to leave the Persian Gulf  in the end of the 1960s, due to some reasons,
especially economic crisis. According to some, this withdrawal, which is the
result of a conscientious process, brings with it a serious power vacuum in the
Gulf. Concerned that the Soviet Union, which planned to be effective in  the Gulf, would fill this void, the United
States administration encouraged the two major powers of the Gulf, Iran and
Saudi Arabia, to cooperate against Soviet Communist threat.  This cooperation and security policy has been
implemented in the region under the name of the "Twin Pillars"
policy.This security policy, which was put into effect during President Nixon's
era, aimed to provide security of the regional countries  by selling weapons to these countries. The
"Twin Pillars" policy was maintained during the American Presidents
Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter.This study aims to discuss the process leading to
the "Twin Pillars" policy,  the
changing perception of President Nixon's foreign policy towards the Gulf region
and finally the policy of the "Twin Pillars" policy. In addition, the
role of Iran in the Gulf security which constitutes a significant part of this
policy, the breakdowns in the “Twin Pillars” policy , how this policy works
during the period of President Ford and President Carter,  and the process of arms deployment to the
region will be examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Persian Gulf Security, Iran, Saudi Arabia, The “Twin Pillars” Policy, The USA, Sale of Weapons

Kaynakça

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