European-Israeli Military Relations during Israel Regional Wars (2006-2016)

Yıl 2020, , 209 - 232, 31.12.2020

Mohammed Abu Saada Yıldırım Turan

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.735508

Cited By: 1

Öz

The study aims to answer the question of the nature of European-Israeli military relations during the period of four wars, particularly in the Middle East region with Israel; one battle with the Lebanese Hezbollah, and three wars on the Gaza Strip. In this view, we partitioned the study into three principal parts: The first part focuses on the nature of European-Israeli relations and provides a historical synopsis by addressing three phases; the first phase from 1949 to 1967, i.e., from the establishment of the State of Israel to the Six-Day War; the second phase from 1967 to 1993, i.e., the period that preceded the peace agreement between the Israelis and Palestinians, the Oslo Accord; and the third phase from 1993 to 2006, which addresses the period preceding the Israeli war on Lebanon. The second part examines justifications for the military relations between Europe and Israel through a review of the Israeli concerns, the European concerns, and the two sides’ common concerns which stimulate the existence of military relations between them. The third part addresses the areas of armament and military exercises between the EU countries and Israel during the period (2006 – 2016). The study concludes by providing several findings, most prominently, that the European-Israeli military relations were not seriously affected during the Israel regional wars in the period (2006-2016).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Israel, EU, military relations

İsrail Bölgesel Savaşları Sırasında Avrupa-İsrail Askeri İlişkileri (2006-2016)

Öz

Bu çalışmada 2006-2016 yılları arasında Avrupa-İsrail arasındaki askeri ilişkilerin yapısı hakkındaki sorulara cevap verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bahsi geçen dönemde Ortadoğu’da dört savaş yaşanmıştır. Bu savaşlardan biri İsrail ve Lübnan Hizbullah, diğer üçü ise İsrail ve Gazze Şeridi arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışma üç bölüme ayrılmıştır. Birinci bölümde Avrupa-İsrail askeri ilişkilerinin tarihi üç aşamada incelenmiştir. Birinci aşama 1949-1967 yılları arasındaki, yani İsrail Devleti’nin kuruluşundan Altı Gün Savaşları’na kadar devam eden dönem. İkinci aşama, 1967-1993 yılları arasındaki, yani İsrail ve Filistin arasındaki Oslo Anlaşması’ndan önceki dönemdir. Üçüncü aşama ise 1993-2006 yılları arasındaki, yani İsrail’in Lübnan’a saldırısından önceki döneme tekabül etmektedir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde Avrupa-İsrail askeri ilişkilerinin gerekçeleri incelenmiştir. Bu kısımda İsrail’in çekinceleri ile Avrupa’nın çekincelerinin yanı sıra, tarafların ortak çekinceleri ve bunun sonucunda Avrupa Birliği devletleri ile İsrail arasında askeri ilişkilerin doğuşu üzerinde durulmuştur. Üçüncü ve son kısımda ise AB ülkeleri ile İsrail arasında 2006-2016 yılları arasındaki dönemde silahlanma ve askeri eğitim alanlarındaki ilişkiler ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada Avrupa ve İsrail arasındaki askeri ilişkilerin 2006-2016 yılları arasındaki dönemde etkin ve gerçek bir şekilde yaşananlardan etkilenmediği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa, İsrail, Askeri ilişki

Kaynakça

• Abadi, Jacob. “Egypt's Policy Towards Israel: The Impact of Foreign and Domestic Constraints” Israel Affairs Journal, (2006) vol:12. Accessed January 10, 2019. doi: 10.1080/13537120500382040
• Aljazeera. “Study: Israel increases military exports to Europe”. Accessed July 25, 2019. https://www.aljazeera.net .
• Al-Kayyali, Abdul Wahab. The Modern History of Palestine. Beirut: Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing, 1990.
• Atalla, Alaa. “Three Israeli wars on Gaza (info graphic)” Anadolu Agency, December 29, 2016. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://www.aa.com.tr/ar.
• Brower, Kenneth. “The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017”, BESA bar-ilan University, May 28, 2018.
• Deas, Michael. “End ‘booming military trade’ between EU and Israel, say Palestinian rights groups”, The Electronic Intifada, September 22, 2014. Accessed October 23, 2019. https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/michael-deas .
• Democratic Arab Center. “The Iranian nuclear agreement and its impact on “Israel - Turkey - Pakistan - Afghanistan” ”. Accessed October 05, 2019. https://democraticac.de/?p=47160 .
• Eilam, Uzi. “Israel's industrial security relationship with Europe” The Prisoner’s Center for Studies, October 02, 2006. Accessed July 22, 2019. https://alasra.ps/ar/index.php?act=post&id=275 .
• Eitan, Freddie. “Right now: Strengthen Europe-Israel relations” The Jerusalem Center for Public and State Affairs, July 29, 2018. Accessed May 19, 2019. http://jcpa.org.il/article/ .
• Eran, Oded. “Israel-EU relations step forward, two back”, RAMBI, May, 2009. Accessed December 14, 2018. http://aleph.nli.org.il .
• Fouad, Khaled. “Eastern Mediterranean Gas: Taking an Unpaved Road”, Egyptian institute for studies, January 07, 2019. Accessed October 01,2019. https://en.eipss-eg.org/eastern-mediterranean .
• France Diplomacy. “France and Israel”. Accessed February 25, 2019. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/ar/ .
• Gerrish, Ellen. “Summaries of the working papers of the European Foreign Policy Conference on the Palestinian Issue” Al-Zaytouna Center for Studies and Consultations, March 13, 2014. Accessed September 28, 2019. https://www.alzaytouna.net/2014 .
• Greene, Toby and Rynhold, Jonathan. “Where Israel and Europe Go From Here, Why Economic and Strategic Cooperation Have Never Been Better” Foreign Affairs, July 12, 2017. Accessed January 24, 2019. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles .
• Harpaz, Guy and Shamis, Asaf, “Normative Power Europe and the State of Israel: An Illegitimate Eutopia?”, Semantic Scholar (2010):579 -580. Accessed October 10, 2019. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02065.x .
• Hendel, Yoaz. “Iran's Nukes and Israel's Dilemma”, Middle East Forum, winter 2012. Accessed April 24, 2019. https://www.meforum.org/3139 .
• Hershco, Tsilla. “Israel-EU Security and Defense Relations in the Context of the ‘Arab Spring’ ” Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem”, 25 | 2014. Accessed March 27, 2019. https://journals.openedition.org .
• Hollis, Rosemary. “Europe and the Middle East: power by stealth?” Oxford Academic International Affairs, (1997): 15-29. Accessed August 22, 2019, doi: 10.2307/2623548 . Hoteit, Amin. “The 2006 War on Lebanon: Background, Performance and Results” Aljazeera, August 18, 2006. Accessed October 14, 2019. https://www.aljazeera.net/knowledgegate/opinions/2006/8/15.
• Ingel, David. “Prospects For Closer Israeli-NATO Cooperation”. Master Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, 2015.
• Landau, Noah. “Curse and welcome: The complicated truth about Israeli-EU relations” Haaretz, May 25, 2018. Accessed February 12, 2019. https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/.premium-1.6116035 .
• Mueller, Patrick. “Europe's Foreign Policy and the Middle East Peace Process: The Construction of EU Actorness in Conflict Resolution”, Perspectives on European Politics and Society Journal (2013), accessed August 25, 2019, doi:10.1080/15705854.2012.732397
• Navon, Emmanuel. “Israel and Europe: Looking Back, Looking Ahead” The Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, July 08, 2018. Accessed September 15, 2019. https://jiss.org.il/en/navon-israel-and-europe .
• Pa'il, Meir. “Israeli Wars: The War of Independence” הספרייה הוירטואלית , 1998. Accessed October 14, 2019. https://lib.cet.ac.il/pages/item.asp?item=1509.
• Plessix, Caroline du. The European Union and Israel A lasting and ambiguous "special" relationship. Translated by Judith Grumbach. Jerusalem: 2011.
• Saleh, Mohsen. Palestinian Strategic Report 2006. Beirut: Al-Zaytouna Center for Studies and Consultations, 2010.
• Saleh, Mohsen. Palestinian Strategic Report 2007. Beirut: Al-Zaytouna Center for Studies and Consultations, 2010.
• Saleh, Mohsen. Palestinian Strategic Report 2008. Beirut: Al-Zaytouna Center for Studies and Consultations, 2010.
• Saleh, Mohsen. Palestinian Strategic Report 2009. Beirut: Al-Zaytouna Center for Studies and Consultations, 2010.
• Saleh, Mohsen. Palestinian Strategic Report 2010. Beirut: Al-Zaytouna Center for Studies and Consultations, 2010.
• Saleh, Mohsen. Palestinian Strategic Report 2012-2013. Beirut: Al-Zaytouna Center for Studies and Consultations, 2014.
• Saleh, Mohsen. Palestinian Strategic Report 2014-2015. Beirut: Al-Zaytouna Center for Studies and Consultations, 2016.
• Tafish, Hisham. “EU position on the Palestinian issue 1993-2003”, Master Thesis, AlAzhar University, 2010.
• Watad, Nedal. “The recovery of Israeli military industries due to European crises” The New Arab, August 19, 2017. Accessed June 15, 2019. https://www.alaraby.co.uk/politics .