Toprak Solarizasyonu ve Fumigant Uygulamalarının Domates ve Çilek Seralarında Fungal Kök Hastalıklarına Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 107 - 113, 25.09.2019

Seral Yücel , Hale Günaçtı

https://doi.org/10.21657/topraksu.578875

Öz

Denemeler domates ve çilek seralarında 2017-2018 üretim sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Mersin-Adanalıoğlu’nda 2 domates serasında metam sodium 500 g/l (MS) (50, 75, 100 l/da) 3 doz, 4 tekrarlı olarak dikimden önce uygulanmıştır. Domateste solgunluk ve kök çürüklüğü (Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani) hastalık oranına etki (%) S+MS 50, 75, 100 l/da uygulamalarında sırasıyla % 66.65-73.69, % 84.91-90.00, % 89.98-92.26, yalnız solarizasyon uygulamasında % 47.58-56.79, karşılaştırma ilaç uygulamasında (S+dazomet, %97, 40 kg/da) ise %88.23-91.43 olarak belirlenmiştir ( P < 0.05). Mersin-Silifke çilek serasında, metam sodium 500 g/l (MS), metam potassium 500 g/l (MP), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) fumigantlarının uygulama dozları (100 l/da, 100 l/da, 60 kg/da) ve solarizasyon uygulaması ile birlikte yarı dozları (50 l/da, 50 l/da, 30 kg/da) kombine edilerek uygulanmıştır. Çilekte kök çürüklüğü ve solgunluk hastalığına (Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium spp.,

Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger) MS100, MP100, DMDS60 uygulamalarının etkileri sırasıyla %81.75, % 85.29, % 90.55, solarizasyon ile yarı dozlarında ise % 53.86, % 71.82, % 67.30 olarak belirlenmiştir (P < 0.05).

Domateste, S, S + MS50, S + MS75, S + MS100, S+D40, kontrol uygulamalarında ortalama verim sırasıyla 5.2, 6.5, 7.7, 8.0, 7.9 ve 4.3 kg/m², çilekte kontrolde 3.0-3.5 ton/da, solarizasyonla birlikte fumigantların uygulandığı parsellerde 4.5-5.0 ton/da olarak artış göstermiştir (P < 0.05).

Domateste solarizasyon ile fumigantların birlikte uygulanmasının toprak kaynaklı hastalık çıkışını yeterli oranda kontrol ettiği ve verimi arttırdığı, çilekte ise fumigantların önerilen dozlarının solarizasyon ile birlikte uygulanan yarı dozlarına göre daha yüksek etkili oldukları ancak verim artışının tüm uygulamalarda benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fumigasyon, solarizasyon, toprak kökenli hastalıklar, Verim

Destekleyen Kurum

Mersin Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası

Effects of Soil Solarization and Fumigant Applications on Fungal Root Diseases in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses in Turkey

Öz

Trials were conducted in the 2017-2018 production season. Metam sodium 500 g / l (MS) (50, 75, 100 l / da) in 2 tomato greenhouses in Mersin-Adanalıoğlu, 3 doses, 4 replications were applied before planting. Tomato wilt and root rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani) effect on the disease rate (%) S + MS 50, 75, 100 l / ha applications 66.65-73.69%, 84.91-90.00%, 89.98-92.26, respectively 47.58-56.79% in solarization alone application, 88.23-91.43% in comparison application (S + dazomet, 97%, 40 kg / da) (P <0.05). Application doses of metam sodium 500 (MS), metam potassium 500 (MP), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) fumigants (100 l/da, 100 l/da, 60 kg/da) and solarization application in strawberry production area in Mersin-Silifke combined with half doses (50 l/da, 50 l/da, 30 kg/da). The effects of fumigant applications, MS100, MP100, DMDS60, on root rot and wilt disease in strawberry (Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger) were determined as 53.86%, 71.82%, 67.30% in the half doses by 81.75%, 85.29% and 90.55% solarization respectively (P < 0.05).

In tomatoes, S, S+MS50, S+MS75, S+MS100, S+D40, average yield in control applications 5.2, 6.5, 7.7, 8.0, 7.9 and 4.3 kg / m2, strawberries in control 3.0-3.5 tons / ha, with solarization in the plots where fumigants were applied together, it increased as 4.5-5.0 ton / da (P < 0.05).

It was determined that the combination of solarization and fumigants in tomato controls the output of soil-borne diseases adequately and increases the yield, whereas the recommended doses of fumigants in strawberries are more effective than the half-doses applied with solarization, but the yield increase is close in all applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fumigation, solarization, soil-borne diseases, yield

Kaynakça

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