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EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 271 - 287, 01.11.2019

Bilge Çavuşgil Köse , Ayşe Akyol

Öz

Destination
tourism activities and objects, by their very nature, are experience based and
have a high potential in terms of experiential marketing’s applicability. In
this regard, it has been aimed to adapt strategic experiential marketing
modules (sense, feel, act, think and relate) to the destination of Istanbul and
to analyze the effect of those components on the satisfaction level and
behavioral intentions (loyalty, intention to pay more and negative word of mouth) of
senior tourists visiting Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected by a
self-administrative questionnaire on senior visitors. The results of structural equation model showed direct and indirect relations between strategic experiential
marketing modules, experiential satisfaction and behavioral intentions. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Experiential Marketing Destination Marketing Senior Tourists Structural Equation Modeling

Kaynakça

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). “The theory of planned behavior”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. Akyıldız, M. and Argan, M. (2010). “Leisure Experience Dimensions: A Study on Participants of Ankara Festival”, Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 2, 25-36.
  • Armstrong, G. and Kotler, P. (2015). Marketing: An Introduction. 12th Edition, Pearson Education Limited, England.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.
  • Bezirgan, M. (2014). “Turistik Destinasyonda Fiyat Değeri, Aidiyet ve Davranışsal Niyetler Arasındaki İlişkilerin Belirlenmesi: Kemer Örneği”, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 2, Sayı: 5, 524-539.
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). “Marketing the competitive destination of the future”, Tourism Management, 21, 97–116.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Second Edition, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, New York, USA.
  • Chen, C.F. and Tsai, D. C. (2007). “How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions?”, Tourism Management, 28, 1115–1122. Chen, S. and Noci, G. (2014). “Segmenting Chinese tourists by the expected experience at theme parks”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1230 – 1236.
  • Chou, H. (2009). “The effect of experiential and relationship marketing on customer value: A case study of international American casual dining chains in Taiwan”, Social Behavior and Personality, 37 (7), 993-1008.
  • Crouse, T. (2010), “The Influence of Ambient Scent on Hotel Guests' Responses”, (Concordia University, Unpublished Master Thesis).
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. and Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik SPSS ve Lisrel Uygulamaları. 2.Baskı, Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • Dirsehan, T. (2011), “Romantic movement in marketing: The effects of customer experiences on post experience dimensions from the museum perspective”, (Marmara University, Unpublished Master Thesis, Istanbul). Dițoiu, M. C. and Căruntu, A. L. (2014). “Sensory Experiences Regarding Five-dimensional Brand Destination”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 301 – 306.
  • Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. The Annals of Statistics, 7, 1-26. doi: 10.1214/aos/1176344552
  • Erbaş, A.P. (2010), “The Effect of Experiential Marketing on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: A Study on Starbucks”, (Marmara University, Unpublished Master Thesis, Istanbul).
  • Fornell, C. And Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50.
  • Glover, P. and Prideaux, B. (2008). Using Population Projections To Identify Aspects Of Future Tourism Demand, Advances In Hospitality and Leisure Volume 4, (Ed: J.S. Chen), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, UK.
  • Goldsmith, R. E. and Tsiotsou, R. H. (2012), Introduction to Experiential Marketing, Strategic Marketing in Tourism Services, (Ed: R. Tsiotsou and R.E. Goldsmith,), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, UK.
  • Gonzàlez, A. M., Comesena, L.R. and Brea, J.A.F. (2007). “Assessing tourist behavioral intentions through perceived service quality and customer satisfaction”, Journal of Business Research, 60, 153–160.
  • Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. and Anderson, R.E. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis, Seventh Edition, Prentice Hall, New York, USA.
  • Hannam, K. (2004). “Tourism and development II: marketing destinations, experiences and crises”, Progress in Development Studies, Vol. 4, 256–263. Hayes, A. F., Preacher, K. J., & Myers, T. A. (2011). Mediation and the estimation of indirect effects in political communication research. . In P. Bucy & R. L. Holbert (Eds.), The Sourcebook for Political Communication Research: Methods, Measures, and Analytical Techniques (pp. 434-465). New York: Routledge.
  • Honantha, R. C. and Anandya, D. (2010), “Experiential marketing, customer satisfaction, behavioral intention: timezone game center surabaya”. Published in: Proceedings the first international conference business and economics, Vol. April, No. 1, 1-6.
  • Hu, L. T. And Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Wu, T. and Wang, P. (2013). “An Empirical Analysis of the Antecedents and Performance Consequences of Using the Moodle Platform”, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 3, No. 2, 217-221.
  • Hudson, S. (2008). Tourism and Hospitality Marketing, A Global Perspective, Sage Publications Ltd., London.
  • Hudson, S. (2010). “Wooing Zoomers: Marketing to the Mature Traveler”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28, 4, 444-461.
  • İstanbul Tourism Statistics, January-December 2014 http://www.istanbulkulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,92428/istanbul-turizm-istatistikleri--2014.html (01.03. 2015).
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1960). “The application of electronic computers to factor analysis”, Educational and psychological measurement, 20, 141-151.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2014). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, 6. Baskı, Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd., Ankara. Kao, Y.F., Huang, L.S. and Wu, C.H. (2008), “Effects of Theatrical Elements on Experiential Quality and Loyalty Intentions for Theme Parks”, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 13, No. 2, 163-74.
  • Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Third Edition, Guilford Publications, Inc., New York, USA.
  • Lee, T. H. and Chang, Y.S. (2012). “The influence of experiential marketing and activity involvement on the loyalty intentions of wine tourists in Taiwan”, Leisure Studies, 31, 1, 103-121.
  • Lin, K. (2006), An Examination of the Relationship between Experiential Marketing Strategy and Guests’ Leisure Behaviour in Taiwan Hot-spring Hotel, (Alabama-United States, United States Sports Academy, Unpublished PhD Thesis).
  • Major, B. and McLeay, F. (2013). “Alive and Kicking: Evaluating the Overseas Package Holiday Experience of Grey Consumers in the United Kingdom”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 19, 1, 5–18.
  • Meydan, C.H. and Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal Eşitilik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulamaları, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Moal–Ulvoas, G. and Valerie, A. T. (2014). “The Spiritual Benefits of Travel for Senior Tourists”, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13, 453–462.
  • Moscardo, G. (2006). Third-age Tourism, Tourism Business Frontiers Consumers, products and industry, (Ed: Dimitrios Buhalis and Carlos Costa), Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, UK.
  • Muthen, L.K. and Muthen, B. (2002) How to use a Monte Carlo study to decide on sample size and determine power”, Structural Equation Modeling, 4, 599–620. Nadiri, H. and Günay, N. G. (2013). “An Empirical Study To Diagnose The Outcomes Of Customers’ Experiences In Trendy Coffee Shops”, Journal of Business Economics and Management, Volume 14(1), 22–53.
  • Oh, H., Fiore, A.M. and Jeoung, M. (2007). “Measuring Experience Economy Concepts: Tourism Applications”, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 46, November, 119-132.
  • Patterson, I.R. and Pegg, S. (2009). “Marketing the Leisure Experience to Baby Boomers and Older Tourists”, Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management 18, 254–272.
  • Patterson, I. R. (2012). “Baby Boomer Travel Market is on the Increase!”, J. Tourism and Hospitality, Vol.1, Iss.5, 120.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. and Müller, H. (2003), “Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures”, Methods of Psychological Research, Vol.8, No.2, 23-74.
  • Schmitt, B.H. (1999a). Experiential Marketing: How to get customers to sense, feel, think, act and relate to your company and brands, The Free Press, New York, USA.
  • Schmitt, B.H. (1999b). “Experiential Marketing”, Journal of Marketing Management, 15, 53-67.
  • Sheu, J., Su, Y. and Chu, K. (2009), “Segmenting online game customers – The perspective of experiential marketing”, Expert Systems with Applications, 36 8487–8495.
  • Solomon, M. (1999). Consumer Behaviour, Buying, Having and Being, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
  • Su, L.J., Hsu, M.K. and Swanson, S. (2014). “The Effect of Tourist Relationship Perception on Destination Loyalty at a World Heritage Site in China: The Mediating Role of Overall Destination Satisfaction and Trust”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, doi: 10.1177/1096348014525630
  • Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Tsaur, S. H., Chiu, Y. T. and Wang, C. H. (2006). “The visitor’s behavioral consequences of experiential marketing: An empirical study on Taipei Zoo”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 21 (1), 47-64.
  • Tsiotsou, R. and Ratten, V. (2010). “Future research directions in tourism marketing”. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 28, No. 4, 533-544.
  • Tung, V.W.S. and Ritchie, J.R.B. (2011). “Investigating the Memorable Experiences of the Senior Travel Market: An Examination of the Reminiscence Bump”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 28, 3, 331-343.
  • Wang, J. and Wang, X. (2012). Structural Equation Modeling Applications Using Mplus, First Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, West Sussex, UK.
  • Wang, W., Chen, J.S., Fan, L. and Lu, J. (2012). “Tourist Experience And Wetland Parks: A Case of Zhejiang, China”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1763–1778.
  • Williams, A. (2006). “Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: Fantasy, Feeling and Fun”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol.18, No.6, 482-495.
  • Wu, H.C. and Li, T. (2014). A Study of Experiential Quality, Perceived Value, Heritage Image, Experiential Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions for Heritage Tourists, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. Advance online publication. DOI:10.1177/1096348014525638
  • Wu, H.C., Li, M.Y. and Li, T. (2014). A Study of Experiential Quality, Experiential Value, Experiential Satisfaction, Theme Park Image, and Revisit Intention, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1177/1096348014563396
  • Yang, W. (2010). “The Study of Consumer Behavior in Event Tourism: A Case of the Taiwan Coffee Festival”, The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, Vol. 6, Num. 2, 119-126.
  • Yuan, Y. E. and Wu, C. K. (2008). “Relationships among Experiential Marketing, Experiential Value, and Customer Satisfaction”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, Vol. 32, No. 3, 387-410.
  • UNWTO, Demographic Change and Tourism, 2010, http://pub.unwto.org/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Infoshop/4C10/AFC1/0B46/FC46/3883/ C0A8/0164/866C/100610_demogr_change_excerpt.pdf, (22.02.2013).
  • UNWTO, Quality in Senior Tourism
  • http://www.unwto.org/quality/std/en/events/1996/sep/1996_1315_senior.pdf (25.02.2015).
  • UNWTO, Tourism Highlights 2015 Edition
  • http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416899 (11.07.2016)
  • Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L. and Parasuraman, A. (1996). “The behavioral consequences of service quality”, Journal of Marketing, 60, 2, 31-46.

Experiential Destination Marketing and Tourist Behavior: A Research on Senior Tourists

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 271 - 287, 01.11.2019

Bilge Çavuşgil Köse , Ayşe Akyol

Öz

Destination tourism activities and objects, by their very nature, are experience based and have a high potential in terms of experiential marketing’s applicability. In this regard, it has been aimed to adapt strategic experiential marketing modules (sense, feel, act, think and relate) to the destination of Istanbul and to analyze the effect of those components on the satisfaction level and behavioral intentions (loyalty, intention to pay more and negative word of mouth) of senior tourists visiting Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected by a self-administrative questionnaire on senior visitors. The results of structural equation model showed direct and indirect relations between strategic experiential marketing modules, experiential satisfaction and behavioral intentions. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Experiential Marketing Destination Marketing Senior Tourists Structural Equation Modeling

Kaynakça

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). “The theory of planned behavior”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. Akyıldız, M. and Argan, M. (2010). “Leisure Experience Dimensions: A Study on Participants of Ankara Festival”, Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 2, 25-36.
  • Armstrong, G. and Kotler, P. (2015). Marketing: An Introduction. 12th Edition, Pearson Education Limited, England.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.
  • Bezirgan, M. (2014). “Turistik Destinasyonda Fiyat Değeri, Aidiyet ve Davranışsal Niyetler Arasındaki İlişkilerin Belirlenmesi: Kemer Örneği”, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 2, Sayı: 5, 524-539.
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). “Marketing the competitive destination of the future”, Tourism Management, 21, 97–116.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Second Edition, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, New York, USA.
  • Chen, C.F. and Tsai, D. C. (2007). “How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions?”, Tourism Management, 28, 1115–1122. Chen, S. and Noci, G. (2014). “Segmenting Chinese tourists by the expected experience at theme parks”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1230 – 1236.
  • Chou, H. (2009). “The effect of experiential and relationship marketing on customer value: A case study of international American casual dining chains in Taiwan”, Social Behavior and Personality, 37 (7), 993-1008.
  • Crouse, T. (2010), “The Influence of Ambient Scent on Hotel Guests' Responses”, (Concordia University, Unpublished Master Thesis).
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. and Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik SPSS ve Lisrel Uygulamaları. 2.Baskı, Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • Dirsehan, T. (2011), “Romantic movement in marketing: The effects of customer experiences on post experience dimensions from the museum perspective”, (Marmara University, Unpublished Master Thesis, Istanbul). Dițoiu, M. C. and Căruntu, A. L. (2014). “Sensory Experiences Regarding Five-dimensional Brand Destination”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 301 – 306.
  • Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. The Annals of Statistics, 7, 1-26. doi: 10.1214/aos/1176344552
  • Erbaş, A.P. (2010), “The Effect of Experiential Marketing on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: A Study on Starbucks”, (Marmara University, Unpublished Master Thesis, Istanbul).
  • Fornell, C. And Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50.
  • Glover, P. and Prideaux, B. (2008). Using Population Projections To Identify Aspects Of Future Tourism Demand, Advances In Hospitality and Leisure Volume 4, (Ed: J.S. Chen), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, UK.
  • Goldsmith, R. E. and Tsiotsou, R. H. (2012), Introduction to Experiential Marketing, Strategic Marketing in Tourism Services, (Ed: R. Tsiotsou and R.E. Goldsmith,), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, UK.
  • Gonzàlez, A. M., Comesena, L.R. and Brea, J.A.F. (2007). “Assessing tourist behavioral intentions through perceived service quality and customer satisfaction”, Journal of Business Research, 60, 153–160.
  • Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. and Anderson, R.E. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis, Seventh Edition, Prentice Hall, New York, USA.
  • Hannam, K. (2004). “Tourism and development II: marketing destinations, experiences and crises”, Progress in Development Studies, Vol. 4, 256–263. Hayes, A. F., Preacher, K. J., & Myers, T. A. (2011). Mediation and the estimation of indirect effects in political communication research. . In P. Bucy & R. L. Holbert (Eds.), The Sourcebook for Political Communication Research: Methods, Measures, and Analytical Techniques (pp. 434-465). New York: Routledge.
  • Honantha, R. C. and Anandya, D. (2010), “Experiential marketing, customer satisfaction, behavioral intention: timezone game center surabaya”. Published in: Proceedings the first international conference business and economics, Vol. April, No. 1, 1-6.
  • Hu, L. T. And Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Wu, T. and Wang, P. (2013). “An Empirical Analysis of the Antecedents and Performance Consequences of Using the Moodle Platform”, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 3, No. 2, 217-221.
  • Hudson, S. (2008). Tourism and Hospitality Marketing, A Global Perspective, Sage Publications Ltd., London.
  • Hudson, S. (2010). “Wooing Zoomers: Marketing to the Mature Traveler”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28, 4, 444-461.
  • İstanbul Tourism Statistics, January-December 2014 http://www.istanbulkulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,92428/istanbul-turizm-istatistikleri--2014.html (01.03. 2015).
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1960). “The application of electronic computers to factor analysis”, Educational and psychological measurement, 20, 141-151.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2014). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, 6. Baskı, Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd., Ankara. Kao, Y.F., Huang, L.S. and Wu, C.H. (2008), “Effects of Theatrical Elements on Experiential Quality and Loyalty Intentions for Theme Parks”, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 13, No. 2, 163-74.
  • Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Third Edition, Guilford Publications, Inc., New York, USA.
  • Lee, T. H. and Chang, Y.S. (2012). “The influence of experiential marketing and activity involvement on the loyalty intentions of wine tourists in Taiwan”, Leisure Studies, 31, 1, 103-121.
  • Lin, K. (2006), An Examination of the Relationship between Experiential Marketing Strategy and Guests’ Leisure Behaviour in Taiwan Hot-spring Hotel, (Alabama-United States, United States Sports Academy, Unpublished PhD Thesis).
  • Major, B. and McLeay, F. (2013). “Alive and Kicking: Evaluating the Overseas Package Holiday Experience of Grey Consumers in the United Kingdom”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 19, 1, 5–18.
  • Meydan, C.H. and Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal Eşitilik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulamaları, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Moal–Ulvoas, G. and Valerie, A. T. (2014). “The Spiritual Benefits of Travel for Senior Tourists”, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13, 453–462.
  • Moscardo, G. (2006). Third-age Tourism, Tourism Business Frontiers Consumers, products and industry, (Ed: Dimitrios Buhalis and Carlos Costa), Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, UK.
  • Muthen, L.K. and Muthen, B. (2002) How to use a Monte Carlo study to decide on sample size and determine power”, Structural Equation Modeling, 4, 599–620. Nadiri, H. and Günay, N. G. (2013). “An Empirical Study To Diagnose The Outcomes Of Customers’ Experiences In Trendy Coffee Shops”, Journal of Business Economics and Management, Volume 14(1), 22–53.
  • Oh, H., Fiore, A.M. and Jeoung, M. (2007). “Measuring Experience Economy Concepts: Tourism Applications”, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 46, November, 119-132.
  • Patterson, I.R. and Pegg, S. (2009). “Marketing the Leisure Experience to Baby Boomers and Older Tourists”, Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management 18, 254–272.
  • Patterson, I. R. (2012). “Baby Boomer Travel Market is on the Increase!”, J. Tourism and Hospitality, Vol.1, Iss.5, 120.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. and Müller, H. (2003), “Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures”, Methods of Psychological Research, Vol.8, No.2, 23-74.
  • Schmitt, B.H. (1999a). Experiential Marketing: How to get customers to sense, feel, think, act and relate to your company and brands, The Free Press, New York, USA.
  • Schmitt, B.H. (1999b). “Experiential Marketing”, Journal of Marketing Management, 15, 53-67.
  • Sheu, J., Su, Y. and Chu, K. (2009), “Segmenting online game customers – The perspective of experiential marketing”, Expert Systems with Applications, 36 8487–8495.
  • Solomon, M. (1999). Consumer Behaviour, Buying, Having and Being, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
  • Su, L.J., Hsu, M.K. and Swanson, S. (2014). “The Effect of Tourist Relationship Perception on Destination Loyalty at a World Heritage Site in China: The Mediating Role of Overall Destination Satisfaction and Trust”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, doi: 10.1177/1096348014525630
  • Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Tsaur, S. H., Chiu, Y. T. and Wang, C. H. (2006). “The visitor’s behavioral consequences of experiential marketing: An empirical study on Taipei Zoo”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 21 (1), 47-64.
  • Tsiotsou, R. and Ratten, V. (2010). “Future research directions in tourism marketing”. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 28, No. 4, 533-544.
  • Tung, V.W.S. and Ritchie, J.R.B. (2011). “Investigating the Memorable Experiences of the Senior Travel Market: An Examination of the Reminiscence Bump”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 28, 3, 331-343.
  • Wang, J. and Wang, X. (2012). Structural Equation Modeling Applications Using Mplus, First Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, West Sussex, UK.
  • Wang, W., Chen, J.S., Fan, L. and Lu, J. (2012). “Tourist Experience And Wetland Parks: A Case of Zhejiang, China”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1763–1778.
  • Williams, A. (2006). “Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: Fantasy, Feeling and Fun”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol.18, No.6, 482-495.
  • Wu, H.C. and Li, T. (2014). A Study of Experiential Quality, Perceived Value, Heritage Image, Experiential Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions for Heritage Tourists, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. Advance online publication. DOI:10.1177/1096348014525638
  • Wu, H.C., Li, M.Y. and Li, T. (2014). A Study of Experiential Quality, Experiential Value, Experiential Satisfaction, Theme Park Image, and Revisit Intention, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1177/1096348014563396
  • Yang, W. (2010). “The Study of Consumer Behavior in Event Tourism: A Case of the Taiwan Coffee Festival”, The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, Vol. 6, Num. 2, 119-126.
  • Yuan, Y. E. and Wu, C. K. (2008). “Relationships among Experiential Marketing, Experiential Value, and Customer Satisfaction”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, Vol. 32, No. 3, 387-410.
  • UNWTO, Demographic Change and Tourism, 2010, http://pub.unwto.org/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Infoshop/4C10/AFC1/0B46/FC46/3883/ C0A8/0164/866C/100610_demogr_change_excerpt.pdf, (22.02.2013).
  • UNWTO, Quality in Senior Tourism
  • http://www.unwto.org/quality/std/en/events/1996/sep/1996_1315_senior.pdf (25.02.2015).
  • UNWTO, Tourism Highlights 2015 Edition
  • http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416899 (11.07.2016)
  • Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L. and Parasuraman, A. (1996). “The behavioral consequences of service quality”, Journal of Marketing, 60, 2, 31-46.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bilge Çavuşgil Köse

Ayşe Akyol Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Kasım 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2018
Kabul Tarihi 10 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çavuşgil Köse, B., & Akyol, A. (2019). EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 6(2), 271-287.
AMA Çavuşgil Köse B, Akyol A. EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. Kasım 2019;6(2):271-287.
Chicago Çavuşgil Köse, Bilge, ve Ayşe Akyol. “EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 6, sy. 2 (Kasım 2019): 271-87.
EndNote Çavuşgil Köse B, Akyol A (01 Kasım 2019) EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 6 2 271–287.
IEEE B. Çavuşgil Köse ve A. Akyol, “EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS”, Turizm Akademik Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 271–287, 2019.
ISNAD Çavuşgil Köse, Bilge - Akyol, Ayşe. “EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 6/2 (Kasım 2019), 271-287.
JAMA Çavuşgil Köse B, Akyol A. EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2019;6:271–287.
MLA Çavuşgil Köse, Bilge ve Ayşe Akyol. “EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 271-87.
Vancouver Çavuşgil Köse B, Akyol A. EXPERIENTIAL DESTINATION MARKETING AND TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR TOURISTS. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2019;6(2):271-87.
 Kapak Resmi İndir