Bu araştırmanın amacı, SCL-90’ın orijinal faktör yapısını Türkiye örneklemi üzerinde Mokken ölçekleme analizleri kullanarak incelemektir. Ayrıca ailenin birbirine olan bağı ve çocuklukta travma yaşama durumu değişkenleri dikkate alınarak hipotezler geliştirilmiş ve test edilmiştir. Boyutlar arası ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla korelâsyon katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 460 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin dokuz boyut ve 90 maddeden oluşan yapısının doğrulanıp doğrulanmadığını belirlemek amacıyla Mokken ölçekleme analizi kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliğinin belirlenmesinde Molenaar-Sijstma ve Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı analizler doğrultusunda ölçekten çıkartılan 11 madde sonrasında boyutlardaki yerini koruyan 72 maddenin Hi katsayıları .30 - .57 arasında değişmektedir. Ayrıca H katsayıları ise .37 - .50 arasında değişmektedir. Bu bulgular daha önce belirlenen 9 boyutlu yapının doğrulandığını göstermektedir. Bu araştırma ile Belirti Tarama Listesi’nin (SCL-90) 79 madde ve dokuz boyut ile faktör yapısının sağlandığı ve yüksek geçerlik ve güvenirliğe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Bech, P., Bille, J., Møller, S. B., Hellström, L. C., & Østergaard, S. D. (2014). Psychometric
validation of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) subscales for depression,
anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 160, 98-103.
Carrozzino, D., Vassend, O., Bjørndal, F., Pignolo, C., Olsen, L. R., & Bech, P. (2016). A
clinimetric analysis of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) in general
population studies (Denmark, Norway, and Italy). Nordic Journal of psychiatry, 70(5), 374-
379.
Carrozzino, D., Morberg, B. M., Siri, C., Pezzoli, G., & Bech, P. (2018). Evaluating psychiatric
symptoms in Parkinson's Disease by a clinimetric analysis of the Hopkins Symptom
Checklist (SCL-90-R). Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 81, 131-
137.
Cyr, J. J., McKenna-Foley, J. M., & Peacock, E. (1985). Factor structure of the SCL-90-R: is
there one?. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(6), 571-578.
Dağ, İ. (1991). Belirti tarama listesi (SCL-90-R)'nin üniversite öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve
geçerliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2, 5-12.
Derogatis, L. R., & Cleary, P. A. (1977). Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the
SCL‐90: A study in construct validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 981-989.
Derogatis, L. (1977). SCL-90-R administration, scoring and procedures manual. Clinical
Psychometric Research.
Dimeo, F., Stieglitz, R. D., Novelli-Fischer, U., Fetscher, S., Mertelsmann, R., & Keul, J. (1997).
Correlation between physical performance and fatigue in cancer patients. Annals of
Oncology, 8(12), 1251-1255.
Elliott, R., Fox, C. M., Beltyukova, S. A., Stone, G. E., Gunderson, J., & Zhang, X. (2006).
Deconstructing therapy outcome measurement with rasch analysis of a measure of
general clinical distress: The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Psychological
Assessment, 18(4), 359.
Güz, H., Doğanay, Z., Çolak, E., Tomaç, A., Sarısoy, G., ve Özkan, A. (2003). Konversiyon
bozukluğunda çocukluk çağı travma öyküsünün psikiyatrik belirtilere etkisi var
mı?. Klinik Psikiyatri, 6, 80-85.
Hafkenscheid, A. (1993). Psychometric evaluation of the symptom checklist (SCL-90) in
psychiatric inpatients. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(6), 751-756.
Hafkenscheid, A. (2004). Hoe multidimensionaal is de Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) nu
eigenlijk? [How multidimensional is the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) really?]. De
Psycholoog, 39, 191–194.
Kartal, A., Çetinkaya, B. ve Turan, T. (2009). Sağlık yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde ruhsal
belirtilerin taranması. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8, 161-166.
Meijer, R. R., & Baneke, J. J. (2004). Analyzing psychopathology items: a case for
nonparametric item response theory modeling. Psychological Methods, 9(3), 354.
Mokken, R.J. (1971). A Theory and Procedure of Scale Analysis. Mouton, The Hague.
Mokken, R.J. (1997). Nonparametric models for dichotomous responses. In: van der Linden,
W.J., Hambleton RK (Eds.), Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory. Springer, New
York, 351–367.
Olsen, L. R., Mortensen, E. L., & Bech, P. (2004). The SCL‐90 and SCL‐90R versions
validated by item response models in a Danish community sample. Acta Psychiatrica
Scandinavica, 110(3), 225-229.
Paap, M. C., Kreukels, B. P., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Richter‐Appelt, H., De Cuypere, G., &
Haraldsen, I. R. (2011). Assessing the utility of diagnostic criteria: a multisite study on
gender identity disorder. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8(1), 180-190.
Paap, M. C., Meijer, R. R., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Richter-Appelt, H., de Cuypere, G., Kreukels,
B. P., ... & Haraldsen, I. R. (2012). Why the factorial structure of the SCL-90-R is
unstable: comparing patient groups with different levels of psychological distress using
Mokken Scale Analysis. Psychiatry Research, 200(2-3), 819-826.
Schmitz, N., Hartkamp, N., Kiuse, J., Franke, G. H., Reister, G., & Tress, W. (2000). The
symptom check-list-90-R (SCL-90-R): a German validation study. Quality of Life
Research, 9(2), 185-193.
Sijtsma, K., & Molenaar, I.W. (2002). Introduction to Nonparametric Item Response Theory. Sage
Publications, Thousand Oaks.
Straat, J. H., van der Ark, L. A., & Sijtsma, K. (2012). Multi-method analysis of the internal
structure of the Type D Scale-14 (DS14). Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 72(4), 258-265.
Vassend, O., & Skrondal, A. (1999). The problem of structural indeterminacy in
multidimensional symptom report instruments. The case of SCL-90-R. Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 37(7), 685-701.
Wiebe, S., Rose, K., Derry, P., & McLachlan, R. (1997). Outcome assessment in epilepsy:
comparative responsiveness of quality of life and psychosocial
instruments. Epilepsia, 38(4), 430-438.
Wismeijer, A. A., Sijtsma, K., van Assen, M. A., & Vingerhoets, A. J. (2008). A comparative
study of the dimensionality of the self-concealment scale using principal components
analysis and Mokken scale analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90(4), 323-334.
Bech, P., Bille, J., Møller, S. B., Hellström, L. C., & Østergaard, S. D. (2014). Psychometric
validation of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) subscales for depression,
anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 160, 98-103.
Carrozzino, D., Vassend, O., Bjørndal, F., Pignolo, C., Olsen, L. R., & Bech, P. (2016). A
clinimetric analysis of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) in general
population studies (Denmark, Norway, and Italy). Nordic Journal of psychiatry, 70(5), 374-
379.
Carrozzino, D., Morberg, B. M., Siri, C., Pezzoli, G., & Bech, P. (2018). Evaluating psychiatric
symptoms in Parkinson's Disease by a clinimetric analysis of the Hopkins Symptom
Checklist (SCL-90-R). Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 81, 131-
137.
Cyr, J. J., McKenna-Foley, J. M., & Peacock, E. (1985). Factor structure of the SCL-90-R: is
there one?. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(6), 571-578.
Dağ, İ. (1991). Belirti tarama listesi (SCL-90-R)'nin üniversite öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve
geçerliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2, 5-12.
Derogatis, L. R., & Cleary, P. A. (1977). Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the
SCL‐90: A study in construct validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 981-989.
Derogatis, L. (1977). SCL-90-R administration, scoring and procedures manual. Clinical
Psychometric Research.
Dimeo, F., Stieglitz, R. D., Novelli-Fischer, U., Fetscher, S., Mertelsmann, R., & Keul, J. (1997).
Correlation between physical performance and fatigue in cancer patients. Annals of
Oncology, 8(12), 1251-1255.
Elliott, R., Fox, C. M., Beltyukova, S. A., Stone, G. E., Gunderson, J., & Zhang, X. (2006).
Deconstructing therapy outcome measurement with rasch analysis of a measure of
general clinical distress: The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Psychological
Assessment, 18(4), 359.
Güz, H., Doğanay, Z., Çolak, E., Tomaç, A., Sarısoy, G., ve Özkan, A. (2003). Konversiyon
bozukluğunda çocukluk çağı travma öyküsünün psikiyatrik belirtilere etkisi var
mı?. Klinik Psikiyatri, 6, 80-85.
Hafkenscheid, A. (1993). Psychometric evaluation of the symptom checklist (SCL-90) in
psychiatric inpatients. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(6), 751-756.
Hafkenscheid, A. (2004). Hoe multidimensionaal is de Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) nu
eigenlijk? [How multidimensional is the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) really?]. De
Psycholoog, 39, 191–194.
Kartal, A., Çetinkaya, B. ve Turan, T. (2009). Sağlık yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde ruhsal
belirtilerin taranması. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8, 161-166.
Meijer, R. R., & Baneke, J. J. (2004). Analyzing psychopathology items: a case for
nonparametric item response theory modeling. Psychological Methods, 9(3), 354.
Mokken, R.J. (1971). A Theory and Procedure of Scale Analysis. Mouton, The Hague.
Mokken, R.J. (1997). Nonparametric models for dichotomous responses. In: van der Linden,
W.J., Hambleton RK (Eds.), Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory. Springer, New
York, 351–367.
Olsen, L. R., Mortensen, E. L., & Bech, P. (2004). The SCL‐90 and SCL‐90R versions
validated by item response models in a Danish community sample. Acta Psychiatrica
Scandinavica, 110(3), 225-229.
Paap, M. C., Kreukels, B. P., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Richter‐Appelt, H., De Cuypere, G., &
Haraldsen, I. R. (2011). Assessing the utility of diagnostic criteria: a multisite study on
gender identity disorder. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8(1), 180-190.
Paap, M. C., Meijer, R. R., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Richter-Appelt, H., de Cuypere, G., Kreukels,
B. P., ... & Haraldsen, I. R. (2012). Why the factorial structure of the SCL-90-R is
unstable: comparing patient groups with different levels of psychological distress using
Mokken Scale Analysis. Psychiatry Research, 200(2-3), 819-826.
Schmitz, N., Hartkamp, N., Kiuse, J., Franke, G. H., Reister, G., & Tress, W. (2000). The
symptom check-list-90-R (SCL-90-R): a German validation study. Quality of Life
Research, 9(2), 185-193.
Sijtsma, K., & Molenaar, I.W. (2002). Introduction to Nonparametric Item Response Theory. Sage
Publications, Thousand Oaks.
Straat, J. H., van der Ark, L. A., & Sijtsma, K. (2012). Multi-method analysis of the internal
structure of the Type D Scale-14 (DS14). Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 72(4), 258-265.
Vassend, O., & Skrondal, A. (1999). The problem of structural indeterminacy in
multidimensional symptom report instruments. The case of SCL-90-R. Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 37(7), 685-701.
Wiebe, S., Rose, K., Derry, P., & McLachlan, R. (1997). Outcome assessment in epilepsy:
comparative responsiveness of quality of life and psychosocial
instruments. Epilepsia, 38(4), 430-438.
Wismeijer, A. A., Sijtsma, K., van Assen, M. A., & Vingerhoets, A. J. (2008). A comparative
study of the dimensionality of the self-concealment scale using principal components
analysis and Mokken scale analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90(4), 323-334.