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THE CHANGING NATURE OF COMPETITION: COOPETITION AS A PARADOIXAL RELATIONSHIP

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 87 - 110, 06.06.2022

Gökben Bayramoğlu

https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1016009

Öz

Coopetition can be defined as businesses competing and cooperating at the same time in to create value. Since the juxtaposition of competition and cooperation is logically contradictory, coopetitive relationship is paradoxical. In this new competitive relationship, rivals cannot be defined as either "friend" or "enemy". Although the coopetitive strategy gives very effective results especially in technology-based sectors where R&D and new product development activities are intense, it is a very difficult and unstable relationship to maintain due to its paradoxical structure. In a coopetitive relationship, both positive and negative emotions are experienced at the same time, such as doing business together and fearing that the competitor will learn important business secrets, which causes managers to feel stuck between conflicting demands. If the partners do not have the skills to manage their tension, the coopetition can turn into a complete lose/lose situation. In other words, the success of coopetition depends on managing the "paradoxical tension". Although the interest in the coopetition strategy in the international literature is increasing day by day, it can be said that the studies in the national literature are still in the infant stage. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the strategic management literature by revealing the conceptual infrastructure of the competitive strategy in a certain systematic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Competition cooperation coopetition strategy paradoxical tensions.

Kaynakça

  • Ballou, D. P., & Pipkin, J. S. (1980). Competitive Strategies: a cognitive choice model. Omega, s. 53-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(80)90041-9.
  • Bengtsson, M., & Johansson, M. (2014). Managing Coopetition to Create Opportunities for Small Firms. International Small Business Journal, 32(4), s. 401–427. doi:10.1177/0266242612461288.
  • Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2000). ”Coopetition” in Business Networks—to Cooperate and Compete Simultaneously. Industrial Marketing Management, 29, s. 411-426. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00067-X.
  • Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). Coopetition—Quo vadis? Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges. Industrial Marketing Management, s. 180-188. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.02.015.
  • Bengtsson, M., Eriksson, J., & Wincent, J. (2010). Coopetition: New Ideas for a New Paradigm. S. Yami, S. Castaldo, G. B. Dagnino, & F. L. Roy (Dü) içinde, Coopetiton: Winning Strategies 21st Century (s. 19-39). Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Bengtsson, M., Raza-Ullah, T., & Vanyushyn, V. (2016). The Coopetition Paradox and Tension: The Moderating Role of Coopetition Capability. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, s. 19-30. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.008.
  • Bonel, E., & Rocco, E. (2007). Coopeting to Survive; Surviving Coopetition. International Studies of Management & Organization, 37(2), s. 70-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.2753/IMO0020-8825370204.
  • Bouncken, R. B., Gast, J., Kraus, S., & Bogers, M. (2015). Coopetition: a Systematic Review, Synthesis, and Future Researc Direction. doi:10.1007/s11846-015-0168-6.
  • Brandenburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (2020). Oyun Teorisi ve Ortaklaşa Rekabet. (L. Cinemre, Çev.) İstanbul: Scala Yayıncılık.
  • Chou, H.-H., & Zolkiewski, J. (2018). Coopetition and Value Creation and Appropriation: The Role of Interdependencies, Tensions and Harmony. Industrial Marketing Management, 70, s. 25-33. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.08.014.
  • Czakon, W., Mucha‐Kuś, K., & Rogalski, M. (2014). Coopetition Research Landscape: A Systematic Litetature Review 1997-2010. Journal of Economics & Management, 17, s. 121-150. doi:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289470140_Coopetition_literature_landscape_-_a_systematic_literature_review_1997-2010
  • Dagnino, G. B., & Padula, G. (2002). Coopetition Strategy A New Kind of Interfirm Dynamics for Value Creation. The European Academy of Management Second Annual Conference - “Innovative Research in Management”. Stokholm.
  • Daidj, N. (2017). Cooperation, Coopetition and Innovation. New Jersey-London: ISTE& Wiley.
  • Demirel, Y., Keskin, N., Baş, T., & Yıldız, G. (2013). Departmanlar Arası Ortaklaşa Rekabet Stratejisinin İnovasyon ve İnovasyonun Algılanan İşletme Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Kamu Bankasında Uygulama. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 1(1), s. 81-71. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/213297 adresinden alındı.
  • Deutsch, M. (2012). A Theory of Cooperation – Competition and Beyond. P. A. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Dü) içinde, Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology Vol: II. Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Dowling, M., Roering, W. D., Carlin, B. A., & Wisnieski, J. (1996). Multifaceted Relationships Under Coopetition: Description and Theory. Journal of Management Inquiry, 5(2). doi:10.1177/105649269652008.
  • Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The Relational View: Cooperative Strategies and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), s. 660-679.
  • Eriksson, P. E. (2008). Achieving Suitable Coopetition in Buyer–Supplier. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing Relationships: The Case of AstraZeneca, 15(4), s. 425-454. doi:10.1080/15470620802325674.
  • Erol, N. (2015). Okul Yönetiminde Hâkim Olan Paradoksları Yönetme (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi).
  • Fernandez, A.-S., & Chiambaretto, P. (2016). Managing Tensions Related to Information in Coopetition. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, s. 66-76. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.010
  • Fernandez, A.-S., Chiambaretto, P., Le Roy, F., & Czakon, W. (2019). Coopetition: From Neologism to a New Paradigm. A.-S. Fernandez, P. Chiambaretto, F. Le Roy, & W. Czakon (Dü) içinde, The Routledge Companion to Coopetition Strategies. London, New York: Routledge.
  • Fernandez, A.-S., Le Roy, F., & Gnyawali, D. (2014). Sources and Management of Tension in Co-opetition Case Evidence from Telecommunications Satellites Manufacturing in Europe. Industrial Marketing Management, 43, s. 222-235. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.11.004
  • Freedman, L. (2013). Strateji. (B. Ç. Dişbudak, & T. Belge, Çev.) İstanbul: Alfa.
  • Gnyawali, D. R., & Park, B.-J. (2011). Co-opetition between Giants: Collaboration with Competitors for Technological Innovation. Research Policy, 40, s. 650-663. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2011.01.009.
  • Gulati, R., Nohira, N., & Zaheer, A. (2000). Strategic Networks. Strategic Management Journal, 21, s. 203–215.
  • Gurnani, H., Erkoc, M., & Luo, Y. (2007). Impact of Product Pricing and Timing of Investment Decisions on Supply Chain Co-opetition. European Journal of Operational Research, 180, s. 228-248. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2006.02.047
  • Gyawali, D. R., & Park, B.-J. (2009). Co-opetition and Technological Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Multilevel Conceptual Model. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(3), s. 308-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2009.00273.x adresinden alındı
  • Kılınç, İ., Ağraş, S., Dabanlı, E., & Okumuş, F. (2011). Belirli Bir Destinasyondaki Otel İşletmeleri Arasında Ortaklaşa Rekabet Mümkün mü? Kapadokya Otellerinden Bulgular. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği, 8(3).
  • Kohn, A. (1992). No Contest: The Case against Competition. Boston: Hougton Mifflin.
  • Lacomba, J., Lagos, F., & Neugebauer, T. (2011). Who Makes the Pie Bigger? An Experimental Study on Co-opetition. New Zealand Economic Papers, 45(1-2), s. 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2011.556070 adresinden alındı
  • Le Roy, F., & Czakon, W. (2016). Managing Coopetition: the Missing Link between Strategy and Performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, s. 3-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.005 adresinden alındı.
  • Le Roy, F., & Fernandez, A.-S. (2015, May). Managing Coopetitive Tensions at the Working-group Level: The Rise of the Coopetitive Project Team. British Journal of Management, 26(4), s. 1-18. doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12095
  • Le Roy, F., Fernandez, A.-S., & Chiambaretto, P. (2016). From Strategizing Coopetition To Managing Coopetition. A.-S. Fernandez, P. Chiambaretto, F. Le Roy, & W. Czakon (Dü) içinde, The Routledge Companion to Coopetition Strategies. New York: Routledge Companions.
  • Listra, E. (2015). The Concept of Competition and the Objectives of Competitors. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, s. 25-30. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.398
  • Luo, Y. (2005). Toward Coopetition within a Multinational Enterprise: a Perspective from Foreign Subsidiaries. Journal of World Business, 40, s. 71-90. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2004.10.006
  • Mcneilly, M. R. (2019). Sun Tzu ve İşletme Sanatı: Yöneticiler İçin 6 Stratejik İlke. (M. Demirekin, Çev.) İstanbul: The Kitap.
  • Okura, M. (2007). Coopetitive Strategies of Japanese Insurance Firms a Game-Theory Approach. International Studies of Management & Organization, 37(2), s. 53-69. doi:10.2753/IMO0020-8825370203
  • Pinasti, M., & Adawiyah, W. R. (2016). Co-opetition to Promote Growth of Batık Smal And Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Business and Society, 17(3), s. 401-412. doi:10.33736/ijbs.532.2016.
  • Poole, M. S., & van de Ven, A. H. (1989, October). Using Paradox to Build Management and Organization Theories. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), s. 562-578. https://www.jstor.org/stable/258559 adresinden alındı.
  • Raza-Ullah, T., Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). The Coopetition Paradox and Tension in Coopetition at Multiple Levels. Industrial Marketing Management, 43, s. 189-198. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.11.001
  • Sanou, F. H., Le Roy, F., & Gnyawali, D. (2016). How Does Centrality in Coopetition Networks Matter? An Empirical Investigation in the Mobile Telephone Industry. British Journal of Management, 27, s. 143-160. doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12132
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REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 87 - 110, 06.06.2022

Gökben Bayramoğlu

https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1016009

Öz

Rekaberlik, değer yaratmak amacıyla işletmelerin aynı anda hem rekabet etmeleri hem de işbirliği yapmaları olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Rekabet ve işbirliği kavramlarının birbirleriyle çelişkili olmasından dolayı rekaberlik ilişkisi, doğası gereği paradoksal bir nitelik taşımaktadır. Bu yeni rekabet ilişkisinde rakipler ne "dost" ne de "düşman" olarak tanımlanamaz. Rekaberlik stratejisi, özellikle Ar-Ge ve yeni ürün geliştirme faaliyetlerinin yoğun olduğu teknoloji temelli sektörlerde çok etkili sonuçlar vermekle birlikte, paradoksal yapısı nedeniyle sürdürülmesi çok zor ve istikrarsız bir ilişkidir. Rekaberlik ilişkisinde birlikte iş yapma ve rakibin önemli iş sırlarını öğreneceğinden korkma gibi hem olumlu hem de olumsuz duygular aynı anda yaşanır ve bu durum yöneticilerin çatışan talepler arasında sıkışıp kalmış gibi hissetmelerine neden olur. Eğer ortaklar bu gerilimi yönetecek becerilere sahip değilse, rekaberlik tam bir kaybet/kaybet durumuna dönüşebilir. Diğer bir deyişle, rekaberliğin başarısı “paradoksal gerilimin” yönetilmesine bağlıdır. Uluslararası literatürde rekaberlik stratejisine olan ilgi her geçen gün artmakla birlikte, ulusal literatürdeki çalışmaların henüz emekleme aşamasında olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, işletmelerin rekaberlik ilişkisine dâhil olma sürecini, bu ilişkinin getirilerini ve katılımcı işletmeler arasındaki gerilimlerin yönetilmesine ilişkin stratejileri açıklamaktır. Böylelikle rekaberlik stratejisinin kavramsal alt yapısını belirli bir sistematik içerisinde ortaya koyarak stratejik yönetim yazınına katkı sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rekabet işbirliği rekaberlik stratejisi ortaklaşa rekabet paradoksal gerilim paradoksal gerilim

Kaynakça

  • Ballou, D. P., & Pipkin, J. S. (1980). Competitive Strategies: a cognitive choice model. Omega, s. 53-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(80)90041-9.
  • Bengtsson, M., & Johansson, M. (2014). Managing Coopetition to Create Opportunities for Small Firms. International Small Business Journal, 32(4), s. 401–427. doi:10.1177/0266242612461288.
  • Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2000). ”Coopetition” in Business Networks—to Cooperate and Compete Simultaneously. Industrial Marketing Management, 29, s. 411-426. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00067-X.
  • Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). Coopetition—Quo vadis? Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges. Industrial Marketing Management, s. 180-188. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.02.015.
  • Bengtsson, M., Eriksson, J., & Wincent, J. (2010). Coopetition: New Ideas for a New Paradigm. S. Yami, S. Castaldo, G. B. Dagnino, & F. L. Roy (Dü) içinde, Coopetiton: Winning Strategies 21st Century (s. 19-39). Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Bengtsson, M., Raza-Ullah, T., & Vanyushyn, V. (2016). The Coopetition Paradox and Tension: The Moderating Role of Coopetition Capability. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, s. 19-30. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.008.
  • Bonel, E., & Rocco, E. (2007). Coopeting to Survive; Surviving Coopetition. International Studies of Management & Organization, 37(2), s. 70-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.2753/IMO0020-8825370204.
  • Bouncken, R. B., Gast, J., Kraus, S., & Bogers, M. (2015). Coopetition: a Systematic Review, Synthesis, and Future Researc Direction. doi:10.1007/s11846-015-0168-6.
  • Brandenburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (2020). Oyun Teorisi ve Ortaklaşa Rekabet. (L. Cinemre, Çev.) İstanbul: Scala Yayıncılık.
  • Chou, H.-H., & Zolkiewski, J. (2018). Coopetition and Value Creation and Appropriation: The Role of Interdependencies, Tensions and Harmony. Industrial Marketing Management, 70, s. 25-33. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.08.014.
  • Czakon, W., Mucha‐Kuś, K., & Rogalski, M. (2014). Coopetition Research Landscape: A Systematic Litetature Review 1997-2010. Journal of Economics & Management, 17, s. 121-150. doi:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289470140_Coopetition_literature_landscape_-_a_systematic_literature_review_1997-2010
  • Dagnino, G. B., & Padula, G. (2002). Coopetition Strategy A New Kind of Interfirm Dynamics for Value Creation. The European Academy of Management Second Annual Conference - “Innovative Research in Management”. Stokholm.
  • Daidj, N. (2017). Cooperation, Coopetition and Innovation. New Jersey-London: ISTE& Wiley.
  • Demirel, Y., Keskin, N., Baş, T., & Yıldız, G. (2013). Departmanlar Arası Ortaklaşa Rekabet Stratejisinin İnovasyon ve İnovasyonun Algılanan İşletme Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Kamu Bankasında Uygulama. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 1(1), s. 81-71. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/213297 adresinden alındı.
  • Deutsch, M. (2012). A Theory of Cooperation – Competition and Beyond. P. A. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Dü) içinde, Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology Vol: II. Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Dowling, M., Roering, W. D., Carlin, B. A., & Wisnieski, J. (1996). Multifaceted Relationships Under Coopetition: Description and Theory. Journal of Management Inquiry, 5(2). doi:10.1177/105649269652008.
  • Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The Relational View: Cooperative Strategies and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), s. 660-679.
  • Eriksson, P. E. (2008). Achieving Suitable Coopetition in Buyer–Supplier. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing Relationships: The Case of AstraZeneca, 15(4), s. 425-454. doi:10.1080/15470620802325674.
  • Erol, N. (2015). Okul Yönetiminde Hâkim Olan Paradoksları Yönetme (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi).
  • Fernandez, A.-S., & Chiambaretto, P. (2016). Managing Tensions Related to Information in Coopetition. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, s. 66-76. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.010
  • Fernandez, A.-S., Chiambaretto, P., Le Roy, F., & Czakon, W. (2019). Coopetition: From Neologism to a New Paradigm. A.-S. Fernandez, P. Chiambaretto, F. Le Roy, & W. Czakon (Dü) içinde, The Routledge Companion to Coopetition Strategies. London, New York: Routledge.
  • Fernandez, A.-S., Le Roy, F., & Gnyawali, D. (2014). Sources and Management of Tension in Co-opetition Case Evidence from Telecommunications Satellites Manufacturing in Europe. Industrial Marketing Management, 43, s. 222-235. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.11.004
  • Freedman, L. (2013). Strateji. (B. Ç. Dişbudak, & T. Belge, Çev.) İstanbul: Alfa.
  • Gnyawali, D. R., & Park, B.-J. (2011). Co-opetition between Giants: Collaboration with Competitors for Technological Innovation. Research Policy, 40, s. 650-663. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2011.01.009.
  • Gulati, R., Nohira, N., & Zaheer, A. (2000). Strategic Networks. Strategic Management Journal, 21, s. 203–215.
  • Gurnani, H., Erkoc, M., & Luo, Y. (2007). Impact of Product Pricing and Timing of Investment Decisions on Supply Chain Co-opetition. European Journal of Operational Research, 180, s. 228-248. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2006.02.047
  • Gyawali, D. R., & Park, B.-J. (2009). Co-opetition and Technological Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Multilevel Conceptual Model. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(3), s. 308-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2009.00273.x adresinden alındı
  • Kılınç, İ., Ağraş, S., Dabanlı, E., & Okumuş, F. (2011). Belirli Bir Destinasyondaki Otel İşletmeleri Arasında Ortaklaşa Rekabet Mümkün mü? Kapadokya Otellerinden Bulgular. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği, 8(3).
  • Kohn, A. (1992). No Contest: The Case against Competition. Boston: Hougton Mifflin.
  • Lacomba, J., Lagos, F., & Neugebauer, T. (2011). Who Makes the Pie Bigger? An Experimental Study on Co-opetition. New Zealand Economic Papers, 45(1-2), s. 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2011.556070 adresinden alındı
  • Le Roy, F., & Czakon, W. (2016). Managing Coopetition: the Missing Link between Strategy and Performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, s. 3-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.005 adresinden alındı.
  • Le Roy, F., & Fernandez, A.-S. (2015, May). Managing Coopetitive Tensions at the Working-group Level: The Rise of the Coopetitive Project Team. British Journal of Management, 26(4), s. 1-18. doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12095
  • Le Roy, F., Fernandez, A.-S., & Chiambaretto, P. (2016). From Strategizing Coopetition To Managing Coopetition. A.-S. Fernandez, P. Chiambaretto, F. Le Roy, & W. Czakon (Dü) içinde, The Routledge Companion to Coopetition Strategies. New York: Routledge Companions.
  • Listra, E. (2015). The Concept of Competition and the Objectives of Competitors. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, s. 25-30. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.398
  • Luo, Y. (2005). Toward Coopetition within a Multinational Enterprise: a Perspective from Foreign Subsidiaries. Journal of World Business, 40, s. 71-90. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2004.10.006
  • Mcneilly, M. R. (2019). Sun Tzu ve İşletme Sanatı: Yöneticiler İçin 6 Stratejik İlke. (M. Demirekin, Çev.) İstanbul: The Kitap.
  • Okura, M. (2007). Coopetitive Strategies of Japanese Insurance Firms a Game-Theory Approach. International Studies of Management & Organization, 37(2), s. 53-69. doi:10.2753/IMO0020-8825370203
  • Pinasti, M., & Adawiyah, W. R. (2016). Co-opetition to Promote Growth of Batık Smal And Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Business and Society, 17(3), s. 401-412. doi:10.33736/ijbs.532.2016.
  • Poole, M. S., & van de Ven, A. H. (1989, October). Using Paradox to Build Management and Organization Theories. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), s. 562-578. https://www.jstor.org/stable/258559 adresinden alındı.
  • Raza-Ullah, T., Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). The Coopetition Paradox and Tension in Coopetition at Multiple Levels. Industrial Marketing Management, 43, s. 189-198. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.11.001
  • Sanou, F. H., Le Roy, F., & Gnyawali, D. (2016). How Does Centrality in Coopetition Networks Matter? An Empirical Investigation in the Mobile Telephone Industry. British Journal of Management, 27, s. 143-160. doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12132
  • Seran, T., Pellegrin-Boucher, E., & Gurau, C. (2016). The Management of Coopetitive Tensions within Multi-Unit Organizations. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, s. 31-41. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.009
  • Sönmez, R. (2018). Rekabetçi İşbirliği Anlaşmalarında İşbirlikçi Profilinin Sektörel Düzeyde Analizi. Journal of Awareness, 3(Special Issue). doi:10.26809/joa.2018548649
  • Stadtler, L., & Van Wassenhove, L. (2016). Coopetition as a Paradox: Integrative Approaches in a Multi-Company, Cross-Sector Partnership. Organization Studies, 37(5), s. 655-685. doi:0.1177/0170840615622066
  • Tanrıverdi, G., & Küçükyılmaz, A. (2018). Coopetition Strategy: A Research on Traditional Airlines. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(1), s. 317-333. doi:10.21547/jss.333589
  • Tidström, A. (2014). Managing Tensions in Coopetition. Industrial Marketing Management, 43, s. 261-271. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.12.001
  • Tidström, A., Ritala, P., & Lainema, K. (2018). Interactional and Procedural Practices in Managing Coopetitive Tensions. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 33(7), s. 945-957. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-06-2016-0125
  • Tsai, W. (2002, May-April). Social Structure of "Coopetition" Within a Multiunit Organization: Coordination,. Organization Science, 13(2), s. 179-190. jstor.org/stable/pdf/3085992.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Adc42bb781658d2c213dd0142e7b4e0d2 adresinden alındı
  • Wilhelm, M., & Sydow, J. (2018). Managing Coopetition in Supplier Networks: A Paradox Perspective. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 54(3), s. 22–41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12167
  • Wu, J. (2014). Cooperation with Competitors and Product Innovation: Moderating Effects of Technological Capability and Alliances with Universities. Industrial Marketing Management, 43, s. 199-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.11.002 adresinden alındı
  • Yami, S., & Nemeh, A. (2014). Organizing Coopetition for Innovation: The Case of Wireless Telecommunication Sector in Europe. Industrial Marketing Management, 43, s. 250-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.11.006 adresinden alındı
  • Yami, S., Castaldo, S., Dagnino, G. B., Le Roy, F., & Czakon, W. (2010). Introduction – Coopetition Strategies: Towards a New Form of Inter-organizational Dynamics? S. Yami, S. Castaldo, G. B. Dagnino, & F. Le Roy (Dü) içinde, Coopetition: Winning Strategies for the 21st Century (s. 1-19). Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar.
  • Yami, S., Castaldo, S., Dagnino, G. B., Le Roy, F., & Czakon, W. (tarih yok). Introduction – Coopetition Strategies: Towards a New Fomr of Inter-Organizational Dynamics?
  • Zineldin, M. (2004). Co-opetition: The Organisation of the Future. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 22(7), s. 780-789. doi:10.1108/02634500410568600
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gökben Bayramoğlu 0000-0002-6880-6903

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Bayramoğlu, G. (2022). REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 87-110. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1016009
AMA Bayramoğlu G. REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. Haziran 2022;24(1):87-110. doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.1016009
Chicago Bayramoğlu, Gökben. “REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 87-110. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1016009.
EndNote Bayramoğlu G (01 Haziran 2022) REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 1 87–110.
IEEE G. Bayramoğlu, “REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK”, Trakya University Journal of Social Science, c. 24, sy. 1, ss. 87–110, 2022, doi: 10.26468/trakyasobed.1016009.
ISNAD Bayramoğlu, Gökben. “REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24/1 (Haziran 2022), 87-110. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1016009.
JAMA Bayramoğlu G. REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2022;24:87–110.
MLA Bayramoğlu, Gökben. “REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 87-110, doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.1016009.
Vancouver Bayramoğlu G. REKABETİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASI: PARADOKSAL BİR İLİŞKİ OLARAK REKABERLİK. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2022;24(1):87-110.
Resim

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