Öz
Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex isimli kitabında, kadının toplumdaki yerini sosyolojik gözlemlere dayandırarak açıklar. Kadınların erkeklere karşı ikincil pozisyona düşmesini ‘‘kimse kadın olarak doğmaz fakat kadına dönüşür’’ (1997: 295) sözleriyle dile getirir ve cinsiyetin toplumsal olarak üretilen bir olgu olduğuna dikkati çeker. Buna karşı olarak, Cinselligin Tarihi isimli eserinde Michel Foucault cinselliği kuramsallaştırır ve bunu ileri sürdüğü güç teorisine bağlayarak cinsellik üzerine geleneksel olarak alışılagelmiş tartışmalara meydan okur. Simone de Beauvoir’ın sosyolojik analizi Foucault’nun kuramsallaştırışı metodolojisinden oldukça farklıdır. Foucault kadın ve erkeklerin toplum içinde farklı pozisyonlara sahip olduğunu kabul eder, ancak bu farklılıkları yaratan süreçleri De Beauvoir’ın yaptığı gibi problematize edip incelemez. Bunlara ek olarak, Susan Bordo, her ne kadar kendisinin Foucault ile ayni çizgide olduğunu iddia etse de kadının toplumdaki yerini Foucault’nun güç teorisi üzerinden açıklarken De Beauvoir tarzı sosyolojik bir analiz yapar. Bu sebepten bu makalede Bordo’nun teorileri Beauvoir’ın The Second Sex kitabındaki varoluşsal bakış açısı ve Foucault’nun yapısalcı güç teorisi arasında bir köprü vazifesi görür. Bu teorisyenlerin kadın çalışmaları alanına katkıları ve teorilerinin zaafları incelenirken, kadının toplumdaki yerinin edebiyat alanında nasıl temsil edildiği Margaret Atwood’un The Edible Woman romanı üzerinden incelenerek, feminist teori ve edebiyat eleştirisi alanları arasında bir bağ kurar.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- ATWOOD, Margaret (1980), The Edible Woman, Virago, London.
- BORDO, Susan (1993), “Are Mothers Persons? Reproductive Rights and the Politics of Subjectivity” in Unbearable Weight: Feminism Western Culture and The Body, University of California Press, London, 71-99.
- _____ (1993), “Anorexia Nervosa: Psychopathology as the Crystallization of Culture” in Unbearable Weight: Feminism Western Culture and The Body, University of California Press, London, 83-113.
- _____ (1990), “The Body and the Reproduction of Femininity: A Feminist Appropriation of Foucault” in Ed. Alison M. Jaggar, Susan R. Bordo, Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, Rutgers, USA, 13-34.
- _____ (1990), “Reading the Slender Body” in Ed. May Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller, and Sally Shuttleworth, Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science, Routledge, New York, 83-113.
- _____ (1993), “Whose Body is This? Feminism, Medicine, and the Conceptualization of Eating Disorders”, Unbearable Weight: Feminism Western Culture and The Body, University of California Press, London, 45-71.
- DE BEAUVOIR, Simone (1997), The Second Sex, Vintage, London, 295-608.
- FOUCAULT, Michel (1990), The History of Sexuality, Penguin Books, London.
Öz
In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir problematizes the woman’s position in the society by relying on sociological observations. In her famous statement, “one is not born, but rather becomes a woman” (1997: 295), she argues the issue of gender as a social construct and questions the social power relations as a result of which women are turned into feminine creatures subordinate to men. On the contrary, in The History of Sexuality, Foucault conceptualizes sexuality and connects it to his theory of power by challenging the long-established traditions and beliefs on sexuality. Simone de Beauvoir’s sociological analysis is extremely divergent from Foucault’s conceptualizing methodology. Foucault accepts the existence of male and female realms and does not problematize the creation process of gender distinctions as de Beauvoir does. Furthermore, as a self-declared Foucauldian, Susan Bordo questions the woman’s position within the society in terms of Foucault’s theory of power, nonetheless, relies on a similar sociological analysis applied by de Beauvoir. Therefore, in this journal article, de Beauvoir’s existentialist point of view in The Second Sex is contrasted to Michel Foucault’s structuralist theory of power in The History of Sexuality and Susan Bordo’s ideas are used as an intermediary between the two. Their deficiencies and contributions to the feminist literary studies are examined and their manifestations in literary representation is analysed though Margaret Atwood’s The Edible Woman.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- ATWOOD, Margaret (1980), The Edible Woman, Virago, London.
- BORDO, Susan (1993), “Are Mothers Persons? Reproductive Rights and the Politics of Subjectivity” in Unbearable Weight: Feminism Western Culture and The Body, University of California Press, London, 71-99.
- _____ (1993), “Anorexia Nervosa: Psychopathology as the Crystallization of Culture” in Unbearable Weight: Feminism Western Culture and The Body, University of California Press, London, 83-113.
- _____ (1990), “The Body and the Reproduction of Femininity: A Feminist Appropriation of Foucault” in Ed. Alison M. Jaggar, Susan R. Bordo, Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, Rutgers, USA, 13-34.
- _____ (1990), “Reading the Slender Body” in Ed. May Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller, and Sally Shuttleworth, Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science, Routledge, New York, 83-113.
- _____ (1993), “Whose Body is This? Feminism, Medicine, and the Conceptualization of Eating Disorders”, Unbearable Weight: Feminism Western Culture and The Body, University of California Press, London, 45-71.
- DE BEAUVOIR, Simone (1997), The Second Sex, Vintage, London, 295-608.
- FOUCAULT, Michel (1990), The History of Sexuality, Penguin Books, London.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Kültürel ve Doğal Miras |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ocak 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 27 |
