Identification of benthic habitat types of the Çanakkale Strait coast using the European Nature Information System and the Barcelona Convention habitat classification schemes

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 133 - 150, 15.10.2024

Zeynep Tekeli , Herdem Aslan

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1471425

Öz

The Çanakkale Strait is important in terms of its location within the Turkish Straits System and its biodiversity. Since it is a Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA), it is important to determine the existing habitat types. Although the use of European Nature Information System (EUNIS) and Barcelona Convention (BC) habitat classification systems in marine habitat studies has just begun in Türkiye, studies using these systems have been carried out in numerous countries over many years. This study aimed to identify habitat types in the supra-, medio- and upper infralittoral (down to 0.5 m depth) zones of the Çanakkale Strait, in accordance with the EUNIS and the BC classifications. The SACFOR abundance scale was applied to zoo- and phytobenthic species in determining these habitat types. Field studies were carried out in soft and hard substrate areas at 16 stations between May and August 2019. Fourteen marine benthic habitat types have been determined using EUNIS and 12 using the BC systems from rock, biogenic, coarse and sand sediment types. No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between the benthic marine habitat types determined for the supra- and upper infralittoral zones according to BC and EUNIS. On the contrary, in the mediolittoral zone, a statistically low significant difference was found between habitat types for both habitat classification systems (R = 0.318, p = 0.004 for EUNIS; R = 0.514, p = 0.001 for BC). In this study, the differences and similarities of habitat types in defined EUNIS and BC systems are discussed. The EUNIS habitat classification system was found to be more representative than BC of the studied area, but both classification systems were found to be insufficient for the Eastern Mediterranean littoral communities and a new habitat hierarchy is needed. We present this study as a paradigm for future application to marine habitat studies to be carried out in Turkish waters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

EUNIS, Barcelona Convention, benthic habitat classification, Turkish Straits System, Çanakkale Strait

Etik Beyan

No animal experiments were performed in the article and therefore ethics committee approval is not required.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University The Scientific Research Coordination Unit

Proje Numarası

FYL-2019–304

Teşekkür

The authors thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ertan Dağlı (İzmir-Türkiye) for his help in identifying the species in the Polychaeta phylum. We would also like to thank the Construction Materials Laboratory team of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale Vocational School of Technical Sciences. We would like to appreciate to Dr. Graham Saunders (Edinburgh-Scotland), the member of the editorial board, for his valuable contributions.

Kaynakça

• 1. Aslan-Cihangir, H., Sezgin, M. & Tuncer, S. 2009. New records of two species of Amphipods, Melphidippella macra (Norman, 1869) and Monocorophium sextonae (Crawford, 1937) for Turkish seas. Crustaceana, 82(1): 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854008X363722
• 2. Aslan-Cihangir, H. & Pancucci-Papadopoulou, M.A. 2011. Aspects of Decapod Crustacean assemblages from soft bottoms submitted to strong hydrodynamic conditions: an example from Canakkale Strait (Turkish Strait System). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20: 2400-2411.
• 3. Aslan, H., Saunders, G., Kaboğlu, G., Yokeş, M.B., Okudan, E.Ş. & Gönülal, O. 2018. Preliminary spatial study of the shallow marine communities of Gokceada Island using geolocational habitat mapping techniques, 191-196. Paper presented at the 13th International Symposium on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, FABA, 21-23 Kasım, Ankara-Türkiye.
• 4. Aslan, H., Saunders, G., Kaboğlu, G., Yokeş, M.B., Gönülal, O. & Okudan, E.Ş. 2019. EUNIS sınıflandırma şemasının Gökceada kıyı deniz habitatları haritalandırmasına uygulanması, 146-148. Paper presented at the II. Ulusal Denizlerde İzleme ve Değerlendirme Sempozyumu, 11-13 Aralık, Ankara-Türkiye.
• 5. Aslan, H., Tekeli, Z. & Bacak, Ö. 2021. Effects of mucilage on the benthic crustacean in the North Aegean Sea. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 27: 214-231.
• 6. Bakran-Petricioli, T., Antonić, O., Bukovec, D., Petricioli, D., Janeković, I., Križan, J., Kušan, V. & Dujmović, S. 2006. Modelling spatial distribution of the Croatian marine benthic habitats. Ecological Modelling, 191(1): 96-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.08.014
• 7. Barberá, C., Moranta, J., Ordines, F., Ramón, M., de Mesa, A., Díaz-Valdés, M., Grau, A.M. & Massutí, E. 2012. Biodiversity and habitat mapping of Menorca Channel (Western Mediterranean): implications for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21: 701-728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0210-1
• 8. Clarke K.R. & Gorley R.N. 2015. PRIMER v7: User manual/tutorial. PRIMERE, Plymouth, 296 pp.
• 9. Connor, D.W., Allen, J.H., Golding, N., Howell, K.L., Lieberknecht, L.M., Northen, K.O. & Reker, J.B. 2004. The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland Version 04.05. JNCC, Peterborough ISBN 1 861 07561 8 (internet version) www.jncc.gov.uk/MarineHabitatClassification. (Date accessed: 28.02.2024).
• 10. Çakmak, M.H. & Aytaç, Z. 2020. Determination and mapping of EUNIS habitat types of Mamak District (Ankara), Turkey. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33: 227-236.
• 11. Çakmak, M.H. & Aytaç, Z. 2021. EUNIS habitat sınıflandırmasının Türkiye durum değerlendirmesi. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 5(2): 157-163. https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.888297
• 12. Davies, C.E., Moss, D. & Hill, M.O. 2004. EUNIS habitat classification revised 2004. Report to: European Environment Agency-European topic centre on nature protection and biodiversity, 127-143 pp.
• 13. Demir, O., Kızılırmaklı, A., Bozdağ, C.M. & Cabi, E. 2022. Determination of terrestrial EUNIS habitat types of Mount Ganos (Işıklar), Tekirdağ, Türkiye. Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies, 3(2): 69-74. https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.1109635
• 14. Dethier, M.N. & Harper, J. 2011. Classes of Nearshore Coasts. pp. 60-61 In: Wolanski, E. & McLusky, D. (eds.). Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science. Vol. 1. Classification of Estuarine and Nearshore Coastal Ecosystems. Academic Press, London, 327 pp.
• 15. Devillers, P., Devillers-Terschuren, J. & Ledant, J-P. 1991. CORINE biotopes manual. Habitats of the European Community. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 300 pp.
• 16. European Council, 1992. Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive), OJ L206, 22.07.92. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A31992L0043. (Date accessed: 23.07.2024).
• 17. European Environment Agency, 2022. EUNIS habitats. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/123d0c9a-a6fa-4f2d-b887-5d8e5468faed?activeAccordion=1069939%2C1069938%2C1085231. (Date accessed: 28.02.2024).
• 18. European Union, 2008. Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) [2008] OJ L164/19. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/56/oj. (Date accessed: 23.07.2024).
• 19. Fraschetti, S., Terlizzi, A. & Boero, F. 2008. How many habitats are there in the sea (and where)? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 366(1-2): 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.07.015
• 20. Galparsoro, I., Rodríguez, J.G., Menchaca, I., Quincoces, I., Garmendia, J.M. & Borja, Á. 2015. Benthic habitat mapping on the Basque continental shelf (SE Bay of Biscay) and its application to the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Journal of Sea Research, 100: 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2014.09.013
• 21. Gili, J-M., Sardá, R., Madurell, T. & Rossi, S. 2014. Zoobenthos. pp. 213-236. In: Goffredo, S. & Dubinsky, Z. (eds.). The Mediterranean Sea: its history and present challenges, Springer Science, Germany, 318 pp.
• 22. Gubbay, S., Sanders, N., Haynes, T., Janssen, J.A.M., Rodwell, J.R., Nieto, A., García Criado, M., Beal, S., Borg, J., Kennedy, M., Micu, D., Otero, M., Saunders G. & Calix, M. 2016. European Red List of Habitats: Part 1. Marine Habitats. Publications Office of the European Union.
• 23. Henriques, V., Tuaty Guerra, M., Mendes, B., Gaudêncio, M.J. & Fonseca, P. 2015. Benthic habitat mapping in a Portuguese Marine Protected Area using EUNIS: an integrated approach. Journal of Sea Research, 100: 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2014.10.007
• 24. Henseler, C., Nordström, M.C., Törnroos, A., Snickars, M., Pecuchet, L., Lindegren, M. & Bonsdorff, E. 2019. Coastal habitats and their importance for the diversity of benthic communities: a species- and trait-based approach. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 226: 106272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106272
• 25. Hiscock, K. 1990. Marine Nature Conservation Review: methods. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, Nature Conservancy Council, CSD Report, No. 1072. (Marine Nature Conservation Review Report, No. MNCR/OR/5.).
• 26. Kaboğlu, G., Akçalı, B., Kızıldağ, N., Tıraşın, E.M., Atgın, O., Özel, Ö., Oğuz Kaboğlu, S., Cihangir, B., Özdaş, A.H., Açık Çınar, Ş., Yılmaz, F., Önen, S., Bitlis, B., Can Yılmaz, E.K., Bizsel, C., Yıldız, İ., Karayalı, O., Özgen, Ö., Güçlüsoy, H., Manap, E., Sghaier, Y.R. & Ouerghi, A. 2022. Benthic habitats and fisheries interactions: MedKeyHabitats II Turkey Project, 17-18. Paper presented at the 5. Ulusal Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı, 01-03 Haziran, Trabzon-Türkiye.
• 27. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 2013. SACFOR abundance scale used for both littoral and sublittoral taxa from 1990 onwards. -Joint Nature Conservation Committee. https://mhc.jncc.gov.uk/media/1009/sacfor.pdf (Date accessed: 18.04.2024).
• 28. McElderry, J.H. 1963. Mediterranean Tides and Currents. Irish Astronomical Journal, 6(1): 12.
• 29. Mergen, O. & Karacaoğlu, C. 2015. Tuz Lake Special Environment Protection Area, Central Anatolia, Turkey: The EUNIS habitat classification and habitat change detection between 1987 and 2007. Ekoloji, 24(95): 1-9.
• 30. Montefalcone, M., Tunesi, L. & Ouerghi, A. 2021. A review of the classification systems for marine benthic habitats and the new updated Barcelona Convention classification for the Mediterranean. Marine Environmental Research, 169: 105387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105387
• 31. Monteiro, P., Bentes, L., Oliveira, F., Afonso, C., Rangel, M., Alonso, C., Mentxaka, I., Germán Rodríguez, J., Galparsoro, I., Borja, A., Chacón, D., Sanz Alonso, J.L., Guerra, M.T., Gaudêncio, M.J., Mendes, B., Henriques, V., Bajjouk, T., Bernard, M., Hily, C., Vasquez, M., Populus, J. & Gonçalves, J.M.S. 2013. Atlantic Area Eunis Habitats. Adding new habitat types from European Atlantic coast to the EUNIS Habitat Classification. Technical Report No.3/2013 - MeshAtlantic, CCMAR-Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 72 pp.
• 32. Oğuz, T. & Sur, H.İ. 1989. A two-layer model of water exchange through the Dardanelles Strait. Oceanologica Acta, 12: 23-31.
• 33. Öztürk, B. & Öztürk, A.A. 1996. On the biology of the Turkish straits system. pp. 205-221. In: F. Briand (ed). Dynamics of Mediterranean Straits and Channels. Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, no spécial 17, Monaco, 250 pp.
• 34. Riedl, R. 1959. Die Hydroiden des Golfes von Neapel und ihr Anteil an der Fauna unterseeischer Höhlen. Ergebnisse der Österreichischen Tyrrhenia-Expedition 1952, Teil XVI. Pubblicazione della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 30: 591-755.
• 35. Rolet, C., Spilmont, N., Dewarumez, J.M. & Luczak, C. 2015. Linking macrobenthic communities structure and zonation patterns on sandy shores: Mapping tool toward management and conservation perspectives in Northern France. Continental Shelf Research, 99: 12-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2015.03.002
• 36. Sokołowski, A., Jankowska, E., Balazy, P. & Jędruch, A. 2021. Distribution and extent of benthic habitats in Puck Bay (Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea). Oceanologia, 63(3): 301-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2021.03.001
• 37. T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. 2021. Marmara Denizi ve Adalar Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi. https://ockb.csb.gov.tr/marmara-denizi-ve-adalar-ozel-cevre-koruma-bolgesi-i-106827 (Date accessed: 25.03.2024).
• 38. Tekeli, Z. & Aslan, H. 2020. Bivalvia (Mollusca) fauna of the Canakkale Strait (Dardanelles) Coast. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(4): 244-251.
• 39. Tekeli, Z. & Aslan, H. 2023. Zonation in littoral macrobenthic assemblages in the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles). Marine Biodiversity, 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-023-01391-8
• 40. Topaloğlu, B., Topçu, N.E., Tezcan, D. & Öztürk, B. 2016. EUNIS habitat classification of a potential MPA, Sıle -Turkey (Western Black Sea). Paper presented at the 41st CIESM Congress, 12-16 September, Kiel-Germany.
• 41. Vasquez, M., Ségeat, B., Cordingley, A., Tilby, E., Wikström, S., Ehrnsten, E., Hamdani, Z.A., Agnesi, S., Skovgaard Andersen, M., Annunziatellis, A., Askew, N., Bekkby, T., Bentes, L., Daniels, E., Doncheva, V., Drakopoulou, V., Brandbyge Ernstsen, V., Gonçalves, J., Karvinen, V., Laamanen-Nicolas, L., Lillis, H., Loukaidi, V., Manca, E., McGrath, F., Mo, G., Monteiro, P., Muresan, M., Nygard, H., O'Keeffe, E., Pelembe, T., Radicioli, M., Sakellariou, D., Teaca, A., Todorova, V., Tunesi, L. & Woods, H. 2023. EUSeaMap 2023, A European broad-scale seabed habitat map, Technical Report.
• 42. Wijkmark, N., Florén, K., Näslund, J., Ogonowski, M., Aigars, J., Daunys, D., Saskov, A., Fammler, H., Martin, G. & Oganjan, K. 2015. HELCOM, BALSAM Project 2013‐2015: Recommendations and Guidelines for Benthic Habitat Monitoring with Method Descriptions for Two Methods for Monitoring of Biotope and Habitat Extent.
• 43. WoRMS, 2022. World Register of Marine Species. https://www.marinespecies.org/ (Date accessed: 26.07.2024).