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The Presentation of Joseph Goebbels' Radio Propaganda in the Context of Humor Appeal in Caricatures

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9, 314 - 333, 23.01.2020

Öz

Dr.
Joseph Goebbels served as minister of publicity and propaganda in Nazi Germany,
uses the radio, which he describes as the eighth power, as an effective
propaganda tool. Radio broadcasts became a concept that is identified with
Goebbels in Germany. Radio broadcasts under the control of Goebbels form an
important propaganda weapon against the Allied States during World War II. On
the other hand, the Allied States use various methods to discredit Goebbels'
radio broadcasts to the masses. Especially during this period, cartoons are
used effectively for propaganda purposes.



In
this study, it is aimed to reveal the open and secret messages that are wanted
to be given in the cartoons about the radio propaganda of Goebbels during the
Second World War and to explain how Goebbels is discredited in the context of
humor appeal. For this purpose, the cartoons on the radio broadcasts of
Goebbels determined within the scope of the study are analyzed using semiotic
analysis method. According to the findings, it is revealed that the perception
that Goebbels' radio broadcasts don't reflect the reality and deceive the
masses is tried to be formed through cartoons. In this way, it is aimed to
reduce the influence of Goebbels' radio propaganda on the masses.

Kaynakça

  • Baisley, E. (2014). Genocide and Constructions of Hutu and Tutsi in Radio Propaganda. Race & Class, 55(3), 38-59.
  • Barnouw, E. (1983). Propaganda at Radio Luxembourg: 1944-1945. KRM Short (Hg.), Film & Radio Propaganda in World War II. Beckenham, 192-200.
  • Barthes, R. (2014). Çağdaş Söylenler. Çev., Tahsin Yücel. 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Barthes, R. (2015a). Bir Deneme Bir Ders: Eiffel Kulesi ve Açılış Dersi. Çev., Mehmet Rifat, Sema Rifat. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Barthes, R. (2016). S/Z. Çev., Sündüz Öztürk Kasar. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Barthes, R. (2017). Görüntünün Retoriği, Sanat ve Müzik. Çev., Ayşenaz Koş. Ömer Albayrak. 2. Baskı. İstanbul, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Chadwick, K. (2011). Radio Propaganda and Public Opinion Under Endgame Vichy: The Impact of Philippe Henriot. French History, 25(2), 232-252.
  • Çakı, C. (2018). Roland Barthes'ın Göstergebilimsel Çözümlemesi ile Nazi Propagandasında Engelliler. SDÜ İFADE, 1(2), 66-91.
  • Daniels, G. (1982). Japanese Domestic Radio and Cinema Propaganda, 1937–1945: An Overview. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 2(2), 115-132.
  • De Giorgi, L. (2014). Communication Technology and Mass Propaganda in Republican China: The Nationalist Party’s Radio Broadcasting Policy and Organisation during the Nanjing Decade (1927–1937). European Journal of East Asian Studies, 13(2), 305-329.
  • Doherty, M. (1994). Black Propaganda by Radio: the German Concordia Broadcasts to Britain 1940–1941. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 14(2), 167-197.
  • Doherty, M. A. (2000). Nazi Wireless Propaganda: Lord Haw-Haw and British Public Opinion in the Second World War. The United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Eberle, H. & Uhl, M. (2017). Hitler Kitabı. Çev., M. Tüzel. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Exnews (2019). "Goebbels", http:// ex-news. com/ top- 5-interesnyx- publikacij- o- vov/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Fiske, J. (2017). İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş. Çev: Süleyman İrvan. 5. Basım. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Gazi, M. A. & Çakı, C. (2019). Şili Ulusal İnsan Hakları Örgütü’nün Göçmen Ayrımcılığına Karşı Hazırlanan Kamu Spotu Reklamları Üzerine İnceleme. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 50-77.
  • Gelb, B. D., & Zinkhan, G. M. (1985). The Effect of Repetition on Humor in a Radio Advertising Study. Journal of Advertising, 14(4), 13-68.
  • Gilderlehrman (2019). "Goebbels ve Amerikalılar Karikatürü", https:// www. gilderlehrman. org/ node/ 75029, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Greenfield, C., Tatman, C., & Williams, P. (2005). Radio, Politics and the Rhetoric of Propaganda: Some Notable Inscriptions. In Radio in the World: Papers from the 2005 Melbourne Radio Conference (p. 59). Melbourne: RMIT Publishing.
  • Herf, J. (2005). The “Jewish War”: Goebbels and the Antisemitic Campaigns of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 19(1), 51-80.
  • Hodge, E. (1995). Radio Wars: Truth, Propaganda and the Struggle for Radio Australia. The United Kingdom: CUP Archive.
  • Horten, G. (2003). Radio Goes to War: The Cultural Politics of Propaganda During World War II. The United States: Univ of California Press.
  • Horten, G. (1996). “Propaganda Must be Painless”: Radio Entertainment and Government Propaganda during World War II. Prospects, 21, 373-395.
  • Houn, F. W. (1957). Radio Broadcasting and Propaganda in Communist China. Journalism Quarterly, 34(3), 366-377.
  • Houswitschka, C. (2003). Nazi Wireless Propaganda. Lord Haw-Haw and British Public Opinion in the Second World War.(International Communications), Jahrbuch für Kommunikationsgeschichte, 253-255.
  • Jan, G. P. (1967). Radio Propaganda in Chinese Villages. Asian Survey, 305-315.
  • Kershaw, I. (2007). Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris. Çev., Zarife Biliz. 1. Cilt. İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
  • Koneska, L., Teofilovska, J., & Dimitrieska, S. (2017). Humor in Advertising. European Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 3(2), 116-123.
  • Kriegswirtschaft (2019). "Goebbels ve Hitler Karikatürü", https:// www. wikiwand. com/ de/ Kriegswirtschaft _im _Zweiten _Weltkrieg, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Kuruoğlu, H. (2006). Propaganda ve Özgürlük Aracı Olarak Radyo. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Lacey, K. (1994). From Plauderei to Propaganda: on Women's Radio in Germany, 1924–35. Media, Culture & Society, 16(4), 589-607.
  • Live Journal (2019). "Goebbels ve Hitler", https:// aloban75. livejournal.com/ 1918542. html, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Lo Biundo, E. (2016). Voices of Occupiers/Liberators: The BBC's Radio Propaganda in Italy between 1942 and 1945. Journal of War & Culture Studies, 9(1), 60-73.
  • Loya, A. (1962). Radio Propaganda of the United Arab Republic-An Analysis. Middle Eastern Affairs, 13(4), 98-110.
  • Llyfrgell (2019a). "Goebbels ve Rakipleri Karikatürü", https:// www. llyfrgell. cymru/ ardal- arddangosfeydd- digidol/ arddangosfeydd- digidol/ orielau- cartwnau- illingworth/ ail-ryfel- byd/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Llyfrgell (2019b). "Goebbels ve Rommel Karikatürü", https:// www. llyfrgell. cymru/ ardal- arddangosfeydd- digidol/ arddangosfeydd- digidol/ orielau- cartwnau- illingworth/ ail-ryfel- byd/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • MacDonald, C. A. (1977). Radio Bri: Italian Wireless Propaganda in the Middle East and British Countermeasures 1934–38. Middle Eastern Studies, 13(2), 195-207.
  • MacDonald, J. F. (1978). Government Propaganda in Commercial Radio-The Case of" Treasury Star Parade", 1942-1943. Journal of Popular Culture, 12(2), 285-304.
  • Marszolek, I. (2005). "Join in, Go Ahead and Don't Remain Silent [...]": The National Socialist past and Reconstruction in Postwar German Broadcasting. New German Critique, (95), 122-138.
  • Masaharu, S. (1999). 'Negro Propaganda Operations': Japan's Short-Wave Radio Broadcasts for World War II Black Americans. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 19(1), 5-26.
  • Pronay, N., & Taylor, P. M. (1984). 'An Improper Use of Broadcasting...'The British Government and Clandestine Radio Propaganda Operations against Germany during the Munich Crisis and After. Journal of Contemporary History, 19(3), 357-384.
  • Punch (2019). "Goebbels ve Ayı Karikatürü", https:// punch. photoshelter. com/ image/ I0000RY3DaOFtgTQ, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Rawnsley, G. D. (1996). Radio Diplomacy and Propaganda. In Radio Diplomacy and Propaganda (pp. 6-17). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Reseach Calvin (2019). "Goebbels ve 8. Güç Radyo", https:// research. calvin. edu/ german- propaganda- archive/ goeb56.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 20.10.2019
  • Rifat, M. (2013). Açıklamalı Göstergebilim Sözlüğü: Kavramlar, Yöntemler, Kuramcılar, Okullar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Roberts, M. (2012). Analysis of Radio Propaganda in the 1953 Iran Coup. Iranian Studies, 45(6), 759-777.
  • Schlosser, N. J. (2015). Cold War on the Airwaves: The Radio Propaganda War Against East Germany. The United States: University of Illinois Press.
  • Shabbir, H., & Thwaites, D. (2007). The Use of Humor to Mask Deceptive Advertising: It's no Laughing Matter. Journal of Advertising, 36(2), 75-85.
  • Smith, J. W., & Khojasteh, M. (2014). Use of Humor in the Workplace. International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS), 18(1), 71-78.
  • Socolow, M. J. (2007). “News is a Weapon”: Domestic Radio Propaganda and Broadcast Journalism in America, 1939–1944. American Journalism, 24(3), 109-131.
  • Somerville, K. (2012). Radio Propaganda and the Broadcasting of Hatred: Historical Development and Definitions. Germany: Springer.
  • Sweeney, M. S. (2001). Secrets of Victory: The Office of Censorship and the American Press and Radio in World War II. The United States: Univ of North Carolina Press.
  • Uttaro, R. A. (1982). The Voices of America in International Radio Propaganda. Law & Contemp. Probs., 45, 103.
  • Vaughan, J. (2002). Propaganda by Proxy?: Britain, America, and Arab Radio Broadcasting, 1953-1957. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 22(2), 157-172.
  • Vorota Alf (2019). "Goebbels'in Karikatürü", https:// vorota- alf. ru/ mk/ prazdniki/ boris- efimov- bolshoi- hudozhnik- i- umnyi- politik- boris- efimov--/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Weinberger, M. G., & Gulas, C. S. (1992). The Impact of Humor in Advertising: A Review. Journal of Advertising, 21(4), 35-59.
  • Zorlu, Y., Çakı, C., & Karaca, M. (2017). Nazism Ideology in Turkish Cinema: “Kırımlı” Film and Semiotics Analysis. Sosyoloji Konferansları, (56), 67-95.

Joseph Goebbels'in Radyo Propagandasının Mizah Çekiciliği Bağlamında Karikatürlerdeki Sunumu

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9, 314 - 333, 23.01.2020

Öz

Nazi Almanyası'nda halkı aydınlatma ve propaganda bakanı olarak görev alan
Dr. Joseph Goebbels, sekizinci güç şeklinde nitelendirdiği radyoyu etkili bir
propaganda aracı olarak kullanır. Almanya'da radyo yayınları zaman içerisinde
Goebbels ile özdeşleştirilen bir kavram haline gelir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nda
Goebbels'in denetimindeki radyo yayınları, Müttefik Devletleri'ne karşı önemli
bir propaganda silahına dönüşür.  Buna karşılık Müttefik Devletleri
Goebbels'in radyo yayınlarını kitleler nezdinde itibarsızlaştırmak amacıyla
çeşitli yöntemler kullanır. Özellikle bu dönemde karikatürlerden propaganda
amaçlı etkili bir şekilde yararlanılır.
Çalışmada İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nda
Goebbels'in radyo propagandasını konu alan karikatürlerde verilmek istenen açık
ve gizli mesajların ortaya konulması ve mizah çekiciliği bağlamında Goebbels'in
nasıl itibarsızlaştırılmaya çalışıldığının açıklanmasına çalışılmaktadır. Bu
amaçla çalışma kapsamında belirlenen Goebbels'in radyo yayınlarını konu alan
karikatürler, göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir.
Elde edilen bulgular kapsamında, karikatürler üzerinden Goebbels'in radyo
yayınlarının gerçeklik taşımadığına ve kitleleri kandırdığına yönelik algının
oluşturulmaya çalışıldığı ortaya çıkarılmaktadır. Bu şekilde kitleler üzerinde
Goebbels'in radyo propagandasının etkininin azaltılmasının amaçlandığı
saptanmaktadır. 



 

Kaynakça

  • Baisley, E. (2014). Genocide and Constructions of Hutu and Tutsi in Radio Propaganda. Race & Class, 55(3), 38-59.
  • Barnouw, E. (1983). Propaganda at Radio Luxembourg: 1944-1945. KRM Short (Hg.), Film & Radio Propaganda in World War II. Beckenham, 192-200.
  • Barthes, R. (2014). Çağdaş Söylenler. Çev., Tahsin Yücel. 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Barthes, R. (2015a). Bir Deneme Bir Ders: Eiffel Kulesi ve Açılış Dersi. Çev., Mehmet Rifat, Sema Rifat. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Barthes, R. (2016). S/Z. Çev., Sündüz Öztürk Kasar. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Barthes, R. (2017). Görüntünün Retoriği, Sanat ve Müzik. Çev., Ayşenaz Koş. Ömer Albayrak. 2. Baskı. İstanbul, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Chadwick, K. (2011). Radio Propaganda and Public Opinion Under Endgame Vichy: The Impact of Philippe Henriot. French History, 25(2), 232-252.
  • Çakı, C. (2018). Roland Barthes'ın Göstergebilimsel Çözümlemesi ile Nazi Propagandasında Engelliler. SDÜ İFADE, 1(2), 66-91.
  • Daniels, G. (1982). Japanese Domestic Radio and Cinema Propaganda, 1937–1945: An Overview. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 2(2), 115-132.
  • De Giorgi, L. (2014). Communication Technology and Mass Propaganda in Republican China: The Nationalist Party’s Radio Broadcasting Policy and Organisation during the Nanjing Decade (1927–1937). European Journal of East Asian Studies, 13(2), 305-329.
  • Doherty, M. (1994). Black Propaganda by Radio: the German Concordia Broadcasts to Britain 1940–1941. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 14(2), 167-197.
  • Doherty, M. A. (2000). Nazi Wireless Propaganda: Lord Haw-Haw and British Public Opinion in the Second World War. The United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Eberle, H. & Uhl, M. (2017). Hitler Kitabı. Çev., M. Tüzel. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Exnews (2019). "Goebbels", http:// ex-news. com/ top- 5-interesnyx- publikacij- o- vov/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Fiske, J. (2017). İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş. Çev: Süleyman İrvan. 5. Basım. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Gazi, M. A. & Çakı, C. (2019). Şili Ulusal İnsan Hakları Örgütü’nün Göçmen Ayrımcılığına Karşı Hazırlanan Kamu Spotu Reklamları Üzerine İnceleme. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 50-77.
  • Gelb, B. D., & Zinkhan, G. M. (1985). The Effect of Repetition on Humor in a Radio Advertising Study. Journal of Advertising, 14(4), 13-68.
  • Gilderlehrman (2019). "Goebbels ve Amerikalılar Karikatürü", https:// www. gilderlehrman. org/ node/ 75029, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Greenfield, C., Tatman, C., & Williams, P. (2005). Radio, Politics and the Rhetoric of Propaganda: Some Notable Inscriptions. In Radio in the World: Papers from the 2005 Melbourne Radio Conference (p. 59). Melbourne: RMIT Publishing.
  • Herf, J. (2005). The “Jewish War”: Goebbels and the Antisemitic Campaigns of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 19(1), 51-80.
  • Hodge, E. (1995). Radio Wars: Truth, Propaganda and the Struggle for Radio Australia. The United Kingdom: CUP Archive.
  • Horten, G. (2003). Radio Goes to War: The Cultural Politics of Propaganda During World War II. The United States: Univ of California Press.
  • Horten, G. (1996). “Propaganda Must be Painless”: Radio Entertainment and Government Propaganda during World War II. Prospects, 21, 373-395.
  • Houn, F. W. (1957). Radio Broadcasting and Propaganda in Communist China. Journalism Quarterly, 34(3), 366-377.
  • Houswitschka, C. (2003). Nazi Wireless Propaganda. Lord Haw-Haw and British Public Opinion in the Second World War.(International Communications), Jahrbuch für Kommunikationsgeschichte, 253-255.
  • Jan, G. P. (1967). Radio Propaganda in Chinese Villages. Asian Survey, 305-315.
  • Kershaw, I. (2007). Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris. Çev., Zarife Biliz. 1. Cilt. İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
  • Koneska, L., Teofilovska, J., & Dimitrieska, S. (2017). Humor in Advertising. European Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 3(2), 116-123.
  • Kriegswirtschaft (2019). "Goebbels ve Hitler Karikatürü", https:// www. wikiwand. com/ de/ Kriegswirtschaft _im _Zweiten _Weltkrieg, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Kuruoğlu, H. (2006). Propaganda ve Özgürlük Aracı Olarak Radyo. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Lacey, K. (1994). From Plauderei to Propaganda: on Women's Radio in Germany, 1924–35. Media, Culture & Society, 16(4), 589-607.
  • Live Journal (2019). "Goebbels ve Hitler", https:// aloban75. livejournal.com/ 1918542. html, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Lo Biundo, E. (2016). Voices of Occupiers/Liberators: The BBC's Radio Propaganda in Italy between 1942 and 1945. Journal of War & Culture Studies, 9(1), 60-73.
  • Loya, A. (1962). Radio Propaganda of the United Arab Republic-An Analysis. Middle Eastern Affairs, 13(4), 98-110.
  • Llyfrgell (2019a). "Goebbels ve Rakipleri Karikatürü", https:// www. llyfrgell. cymru/ ardal- arddangosfeydd- digidol/ arddangosfeydd- digidol/ orielau- cartwnau- illingworth/ ail-ryfel- byd/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Llyfrgell (2019b). "Goebbels ve Rommel Karikatürü", https:// www. llyfrgell. cymru/ ardal- arddangosfeydd- digidol/ arddangosfeydd- digidol/ orielau- cartwnau- illingworth/ ail-ryfel- byd/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • MacDonald, C. A. (1977). Radio Bri: Italian Wireless Propaganda in the Middle East and British Countermeasures 1934–38. Middle Eastern Studies, 13(2), 195-207.
  • MacDonald, J. F. (1978). Government Propaganda in Commercial Radio-The Case of" Treasury Star Parade", 1942-1943. Journal of Popular Culture, 12(2), 285-304.
  • Marszolek, I. (2005). "Join in, Go Ahead and Don't Remain Silent [...]": The National Socialist past and Reconstruction in Postwar German Broadcasting. New German Critique, (95), 122-138.
  • Masaharu, S. (1999). 'Negro Propaganda Operations': Japan's Short-Wave Radio Broadcasts for World War II Black Americans. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 19(1), 5-26.
  • Pronay, N., & Taylor, P. M. (1984). 'An Improper Use of Broadcasting...'The British Government and Clandestine Radio Propaganda Operations against Germany during the Munich Crisis and After. Journal of Contemporary History, 19(3), 357-384.
  • Punch (2019). "Goebbels ve Ayı Karikatürü", https:// punch. photoshelter. com/ image/ I0000RY3DaOFtgTQ, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Rawnsley, G. D. (1996). Radio Diplomacy and Propaganda. In Radio Diplomacy and Propaganda (pp. 6-17). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Reseach Calvin (2019). "Goebbels ve 8. Güç Radyo", https:// research. calvin. edu/ german- propaganda- archive/ goeb56.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 20.10.2019
  • Rifat, M. (2013). Açıklamalı Göstergebilim Sözlüğü: Kavramlar, Yöntemler, Kuramcılar, Okullar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Roberts, M. (2012). Analysis of Radio Propaganda in the 1953 Iran Coup. Iranian Studies, 45(6), 759-777.
  • Schlosser, N. J. (2015). Cold War on the Airwaves: The Radio Propaganda War Against East Germany. The United States: University of Illinois Press.
  • Shabbir, H., & Thwaites, D. (2007). The Use of Humor to Mask Deceptive Advertising: It's no Laughing Matter. Journal of Advertising, 36(2), 75-85.
  • Smith, J. W., & Khojasteh, M. (2014). Use of Humor in the Workplace. International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS), 18(1), 71-78.
  • Socolow, M. J. (2007). “News is a Weapon”: Domestic Radio Propaganda and Broadcast Journalism in America, 1939–1944. American Journalism, 24(3), 109-131.
  • Somerville, K. (2012). Radio Propaganda and the Broadcasting of Hatred: Historical Development and Definitions. Germany: Springer.
  • Sweeney, M. S. (2001). Secrets of Victory: The Office of Censorship and the American Press and Radio in World War II. The United States: Univ of North Carolina Press.
  • Uttaro, R. A. (1982). The Voices of America in International Radio Propaganda. Law & Contemp. Probs., 45, 103.
  • Vaughan, J. (2002). Propaganda by Proxy?: Britain, America, and Arab Radio Broadcasting, 1953-1957. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 22(2), 157-172.
  • Vorota Alf (2019). "Goebbels'in Karikatürü", https:// vorota- alf. ru/ mk/ prazdniki/ boris- efimov- bolshoi- hudozhnik- i- umnyi- politik- boris- efimov--/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2019.
  • Weinberger, M. G., & Gulas, C. S. (1992). The Impact of Humor in Advertising: A Review. Journal of Advertising, 21(4), 35-59.
  • Zorlu, Y., Çakı, C., & Karaca, M. (2017). Nazism Ideology in Turkish Cinema: “Kırımlı” Film and Semiotics Analysis. Sosyoloji Konferansları, (56), 67-95.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Mehmet Ozan Gülada 0000-0001-8233-2321

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Ocak 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ekim 2019
Kabul Tarihi 6 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9

Kaynak Göster

APA Gülada, M. O. (2020). Joseph Goebbels’in Radyo Propagandasının Mizah Çekiciliği Bağlamında Karikatürlerdeki Sunumu. TRT Akademi, 5(9), 314-333.