Araştırma Makalesi
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The relationship between sports sponsorship and corporate image, reputation and intention to buy: TORKU case

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 241 - 253, 31.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.335326

Öz

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the recognition (being heard or not) of TORKU’s (Konya Seker) sports sponsorships and image, reputation and intention to buy. In addition to this, the effects of the image the customers perceive and reputation on the buying decisions. For this purpose, the data obtained with survey method from 350 customers chosen by random sampling who shop at large shopping malls in Konya province were evaluated by descriptive, correlation and regression analysis. The scales used in the research were prepared by researches on the basis of image perception, reputation perception and intention to buy, and reliability and validity studies were carried out. As a result of the research; image perception and extent of reputation perception and intention to buy between those who heard of TORKU’s sports sponsorships and those who didn’t have shown the effectiveness of sponsorship activities of TORKU. Consequently, it has been demonstrated that the sports sponsorships have a positive effect on the customers, in particular TORKU customers.

Kaynakça

  • Akyıldız M, Marangoz M. Reflecting of sport sponsorships to consumer’s buying intent. Ege Academic Review, 2008; 8(1): 153-166.
  • Alexandris K, Tsaousi E, James J. Predicting sponsorship outcomes from attitudinal constructs: the case of a professional basketball event. Sport Marketing Quaterly, 2007; 16(3): 130-139.
  • Argan, M. Spor Sponsorluğu Yönetim Sürecine Kavramsal Yaklaşım, 7. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, 27-29 Ekim, Kemer-Antalya, 2002.
  • Arslan M, Gegez AE, Gurdal S. Kurumsal kimlik, kurumsal imaj markanın yansıtıcısı mıdır?”, 6.Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi, 28 Haziran - 1 Temmuz, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum, 2001.
  • Bolat Oİ. The process of creating a corporate image in lodging establishments. Balıkesir University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 2006; 9(15): 108-126.
  • Carter DM. Keeping score: An inside look at sports marketing, Oasis Press/PSI research, Grants Pass. OR. 1996.
  • Bülbül AR. Halkla İlişkiler, Ankara: Nobel Yayınları, 2004.
  • Chen K, Zhang J. Examining consumer attributes associated with collegiate athletic facility naming rights sponsorship. Development of a theoretical framework. Sport Management Review, 2011; 14:103-116.
  • Chien PM, Cornwell, TB, and Pappu R. Sponsorship portfolio as a brand image creation strategy. Journal of Business Research, 2011; 64:142-149.
  • Covell D. The Lowell spinners and the Yankee elimination project: A case study consideration of linking community relations and sponsorship. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2008; 17(2): 122-126.
  • Çölgeçen BA. Culture and art sponsorship in Turkey: problems and solution suggestions based on the samples of Türkiye İş Bankasi, Efes Pilsen and Türsak. Doctoral Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Selcuk University, Ankara, 2008.
  • Dees W, Bennett G, Villegas J. Measuring the effectiveness of sponsorship of an elite intercollegiate football programme. Sports Marketing Quarterly, 2008; 17(2): 79-89.
  • Demirel A, Erdoğmuş IE. Corporate investment in sport sponsorhip and its evaluation. Athens Journal of Sports. 2014; 1(3): 173-187.
  • Erdem A. Tüketici Odaklı Bütünleşik Pazarlama İletişimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2006.
  • Fidan Z. The importance of sponsorship in corporate image. Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Selcuk University, Ankara, 2009.
  • Flavian C, Torres E, Guinaliu M. Corporate image measurement: A further problem for the tangibilization of internet banking service. The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 2004; 22(5): 447- 470.
  • Fombrun CJ. Reputation: Realizing Value from the Corporate Image. Boston, Harvard Business School Press, 1996.
  • Gilbert D. Sponsorship strategy is adrift. The Quarterly Review of Marketing, 1988; 14: 6-9.
  • Gray ER, Balmer JMT. Managing corporate image and corporate reputation. Long Range Planning, 1998; 31: 695-702.
  • Grohs R, Wagner U, Vsetecka S. Assessing the effectiveness of sport sponsorships: An empirical examination. Schmalenbach Business Review, 2004; 56: 119-138.
  • Gouguet JJ. In W Andreff, S Szymanski (Eds). Handbook on the Economics of Sport (pp.71-72). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. 2006.
  • Gümüş S, Erdem B. The impact of sport sponsorship on attitudes of customers, an application to customers of airlines. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal, 2014; 2(1): 1-25.
  • Gwinner KP, & Eaton J. Building brand image through event sponsorship: The role of image transfer. Journal of Advertising, 1999; 28(4): 47-57.
  • IEG (International Events Group). Sponsorship spending report. Retrieved from http://www.sponsorship.com/IEG/files/4e/4e525456-b2b1-4049-bd51- 03d9c35ac507.pdf, 2015.
  • IFM. The World Sponsorhip Monitor, TWSM, Annual Review. ABD, 2011.
  • Irwin RL, Lachowetz, T, Cornwell TB, Clark JS. Cause-Related sport sponsorship: An assessment of spectator beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Sport Marketing, 2003; 12(3): 131-139.
  • İbişoğlu A. Corporate social responsibility: Vestel case, Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, 2007.
  • İncereis Ö. Sponsorship activities relationship with corporate reputation and an example of Efes Pilsen. Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, 2011.
  • Javalgi RG, Taylor BM. Traylor, Gross AC, Lampman E. Awareness of sponsorship and corporate image: An empirical investigation. Journal of Advertising, 1994; 23(4): 47-58.
  • Kandampully J, Suhartanto D. Customer loyalty in the hotel industry: The role of customer satisfaction and image. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2000; 12(6); 346- 351.
  • Karasar N. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2009.
  • Koo GY, Quarteremani J, Flynn L. Effect of perceived sport event and sponsor image fit on consumers’ cognition, affect, and behavioral intentions. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2006; 15(2): 80-90.
  • Küçük F. Institutional communication from perspective of corporate image. Research of Eastern Anatolia Region, 2005; 3(2): 45-52.
  • Lafferty BA. The relevance of fit in a cause- brand alliance when consumers evaluate corporate credibility. Journal of Business Research, 2007; 60(5): 447-453.
  • Lagae W. Sports Sponsorship and Marketing Communication: A European Perspective, Harlow, FT Prentice Hall, 2005.
  • Meenaghan T. Understanding sponsorship effects, Psychology & Marketing, 2001; 18(2): 95-122.
  • Miloch KS, Lambrecht KW. Consumer awareness of sponsorship at grassroots sport events. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2006; 15(3): 147-154.
  • Mohr AL, Webb JD. The effects of corporate social responsibility and price on consumer responses. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2005; 39(1): 121-147.
  • Odabaşı Y, Oyman M. Pazarlama İletişimi Yöntemi. İstanbul: MediCat Kitapları, 2007.
  • Oppewal H, Alexander A, Sullivan P. Consumer perception of corporate social responsibility in town shopping evaluation. Journal of Public Affairs, 2005; 6: 5-12.
  • Otker T. The key to sponsorship success. European Research, 1988; 16(2): 77-86.
  • Özer A. The effect of attitude towards brand on brand image and purchase intention after sponsorship, Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 2011; 29(2): 145-174.
  • Özkan A. Halkla İlişkiler Yönetimi. İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları, 2009.
  • Özkoç B. The role of corporate communication in creating corporate citizenhip in business enterprieses. Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, 2012.
  • Peltekoğlu FB. İmajın Çekiciliği mi, Sokrates’in İtibarı mı?, Tüm Yönleriyle Halkla ilişkiler ve Tanıtım Eğitim Kitabevi, Konya, 2007.
  • Pope NK, Voges KE. The Impact of sport sponsorship activities, corporate image, and prior use on consumer purchase intention. Sports Marketing Quarterly, 2000; 9(2); 96-101.
  • Pomering A, Dolnicar S. Customers’ sensitivity to different measures of corporate social responsibility in the Australian banking sector. Journal Business Ethics, 2006; 69(2): 205-215.
  • Roy D, Cornwell B. Brand equity’s influence on responses to event sponsorships. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 2003; 12(6): 377-393.
  • Shank D. Sports Marketing – A Strategic Perspective. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. 1999.
  • Simmons CJ, Becker-Olsen KL. Achieving marketing objectives through social sponsorships. Journal of Marketing, 2006; 70(4): 154-169.
  • Spears N, Singh SN. Measuring attitude toward the brand and purchase intentions. Journal Of Current Issues & Research In Advertising (CTC Press), 2004; 26(2); 53-66.
  • Speed R, Thompson P. Determinants of sports sponsorship response. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2000; 28(2); 226-238.
  • Soyer F. Sporda Sponsorluk: Kavram, Kapsam ve Bir Araştırma. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, 2003.
  • Tavlak S. The impact of art sponsorship on corporate reputation. Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, 2007.
  • Theaker A. Halkla İlişkiler El Kitabı. İstanbul: MediaCat Kitapları, 2006.
  • Tekin N, Eroğlu Eskicioğlu Y. Sports sponsorship: Turkish Airlines - Turkish Basketball Federation sample. Spor Yönetimi ve Bilgi Teknolojileri Dergisi, 2015; 10(1): 14-36.
  • Tezcan K. The importance and tax aspects of the importance and tax aspects of sponsorship expenditures. Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 2006; 78: 95-116.
  • Türegün E. Sports organizations sponsorship (Example of BEKO basketball league). Doctoral Thesis, Institute of Healthl Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Türkmen MS, Pirtini S, Bayraktar A, Bilgen İ. A research on relationship between corporate social responsibility and consumer purchase intention. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 2016; 12(45); 375-392.
  • Yavuz C. Halkla İlişkiler. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Yavuz Ş. The effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate image and purchase decision. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 2010; 6(3): 100-110.
  • Whitlark DB, Geurts MD, Swenson MJ. New product forecasting with a purchase intention survey. The Journal of Business Forecasting Methods Systems and Systems, 1993; 12(3); 1-18.
  • http://www.sponsorship.com/Resources/What-Sponsors-Want-and-Where-Dollars-Will-Go-in-20.aspx erişim: (Erişim: 18.01.2017).
Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 241 - 253, 31.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.335326

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akyıldız M, Marangoz M. Reflecting of sport sponsorships to consumer’s buying intent. Ege Academic Review, 2008; 8(1): 153-166.
  • Alexandris K, Tsaousi E, James J. Predicting sponsorship outcomes from attitudinal constructs: the case of a professional basketball event. Sport Marketing Quaterly, 2007; 16(3): 130-139.
  • Argan, M. Spor Sponsorluğu Yönetim Sürecine Kavramsal Yaklaşım, 7. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, 27-29 Ekim, Kemer-Antalya, 2002.
  • Arslan M, Gegez AE, Gurdal S. Kurumsal kimlik, kurumsal imaj markanın yansıtıcısı mıdır?”, 6.Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi, 28 Haziran - 1 Temmuz, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum, 2001.
  • Bolat Oİ. The process of creating a corporate image in lodging establishments. Balıkesir University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 2006; 9(15): 108-126.
  • Carter DM. Keeping score: An inside look at sports marketing, Oasis Press/PSI research, Grants Pass. OR. 1996.
  • Bülbül AR. Halkla İlişkiler, Ankara: Nobel Yayınları, 2004.
  • Chen K, Zhang J. Examining consumer attributes associated with collegiate athletic facility naming rights sponsorship. Development of a theoretical framework. Sport Management Review, 2011; 14:103-116.
  • Chien PM, Cornwell, TB, and Pappu R. Sponsorship portfolio as a brand image creation strategy. Journal of Business Research, 2011; 64:142-149.
  • Covell D. The Lowell spinners and the Yankee elimination project: A case study consideration of linking community relations and sponsorship. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2008; 17(2): 122-126.
  • Çölgeçen BA. Culture and art sponsorship in Turkey: problems and solution suggestions based on the samples of Türkiye İş Bankasi, Efes Pilsen and Türsak. Doctoral Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Selcuk University, Ankara, 2008.
  • Dees W, Bennett G, Villegas J. Measuring the effectiveness of sponsorship of an elite intercollegiate football programme. Sports Marketing Quarterly, 2008; 17(2): 79-89.
  • Demirel A, Erdoğmuş IE. Corporate investment in sport sponsorhip and its evaluation. Athens Journal of Sports. 2014; 1(3): 173-187.
  • Erdem A. Tüketici Odaklı Bütünleşik Pazarlama İletişimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2006.
  • Fidan Z. The importance of sponsorship in corporate image. Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Selcuk University, Ankara, 2009.
  • Flavian C, Torres E, Guinaliu M. Corporate image measurement: A further problem for the tangibilization of internet banking service. The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 2004; 22(5): 447- 470.
  • Fombrun CJ. Reputation: Realizing Value from the Corporate Image. Boston, Harvard Business School Press, 1996.
  • Gilbert D. Sponsorship strategy is adrift. The Quarterly Review of Marketing, 1988; 14: 6-9.
  • Gray ER, Balmer JMT. Managing corporate image and corporate reputation. Long Range Planning, 1998; 31: 695-702.
  • Grohs R, Wagner U, Vsetecka S. Assessing the effectiveness of sport sponsorships: An empirical examination. Schmalenbach Business Review, 2004; 56: 119-138.
  • Gouguet JJ. In W Andreff, S Szymanski (Eds). Handbook on the Economics of Sport (pp.71-72). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. 2006.
  • Gümüş S, Erdem B. The impact of sport sponsorship on attitudes of customers, an application to customers of airlines. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal, 2014; 2(1): 1-25.
  • Gwinner KP, & Eaton J. Building brand image through event sponsorship: The role of image transfer. Journal of Advertising, 1999; 28(4): 47-57.
  • IEG (International Events Group). Sponsorship spending report. Retrieved from http://www.sponsorship.com/IEG/files/4e/4e525456-b2b1-4049-bd51- 03d9c35ac507.pdf, 2015.
  • IFM. The World Sponsorhip Monitor, TWSM, Annual Review. ABD, 2011.
  • Irwin RL, Lachowetz, T, Cornwell TB, Clark JS. Cause-Related sport sponsorship: An assessment of spectator beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Sport Marketing, 2003; 12(3): 131-139.
  • İbişoğlu A. Corporate social responsibility: Vestel case, Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, 2007.
  • İncereis Ö. Sponsorship activities relationship with corporate reputation and an example of Efes Pilsen. Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, 2011.
  • Javalgi RG, Taylor BM. Traylor, Gross AC, Lampman E. Awareness of sponsorship and corporate image: An empirical investigation. Journal of Advertising, 1994; 23(4): 47-58.
  • Kandampully J, Suhartanto D. Customer loyalty in the hotel industry: The role of customer satisfaction and image. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2000; 12(6); 346- 351.
  • Karasar N. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2009.
  • Koo GY, Quarteremani J, Flynn L. Effect of perceived sport event and sponsor image fit on consumers’ cognition, affect, and behavioral intentions. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2006; 15(2): 80-90.
  • Küçük F. Institutional communication from perspective of corporate image. Research of Eastern Anatolia Region, 2005; 3(2): 45-52.
  • Lafferty BA. The relevance of fit in a cause- brand alliance when consumers evaluate corporate credibility. Journal of Business Research, 2007; 60(5): 447-453.
  • Lagae W. Sports Sponsorship and Marketing Communication: A European Perspective, Harlow, FT Prentice Hall, 2005.
  • Meenaghan T. Understanding sponsorship effects, Psychology & Marketing, 2001; 18(2): 95-122.
  • Miloch KS, Lambrecht KW. Consumer awareness of sponsorship at grassroots sport events. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2006; 15(3): 147-154.
  • Mohr AL, Webb JD. The effects of corporate social responsibility and price on consumer responses. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2005; 39(1): 121-147.
  • Odabaşı Y, Oyman M. Pazarlama İletişimi Yöntemi. İstanbul: MediCat Kitapları, 2007.
  • Oppewal H, Alexander A, Sullivan P. Consumer perception of corporate social responsibility in town shopping evaluation. Journal of Public Affairs, 2005; 6: 5-12.
  • Otker T. The key to sponsorship success. European Research, 1988; 16(2): 77-86.
  • Özer A. The effect of attitude towards brand on brand image and purchase intention after sponsorship, Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 2011; 29(2): 145-174.
  • Özkan A. Halkla İlişkiler Yönetimi. İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları, 2009.
  • Özkoç B. The role of corporate communication in creating corporate citizenhip in business enterprieses. Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, 2012.
  • Peltekoğlu FB. İmajın Çekiciliği mi, Sokrates’in İtibarı mı?, Tüm Yönleriyle Halkla ilişkiler ve Tanıtım Eğitim Kitabevi, Konya, 2007.
  • Pope NK, Voges KE. The Impact of sport sponsorship activities, corporate image, and prior use on consumer purchase intention. Sports Marketing Quarterly, 2000; 9(2); 96-101.
  • Pomering A, Dolnicar S. Customers’ sensitivity to different measures of corporate social responsibility in the Australian banking sector. Journal Business Ethics, 2006; 69(2): 205-215.
  • Roy D, Cornwell B. Brand equity’s influence on responses to event sponsorships. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 2003; 12(6): 377-393.
  • Shank D. Sports Marketing – A Strategic Perspective. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. 1999.
  • Simmons CJ, Becker-Olsen KL. Achieving marketing objectives through social sponsorships. Journal of Marketing, 2006; 70(4): 154-169.
  • Spears N, Singh SN. Measuring attitude toward the brand and purchase intentions. Journal Of Current Issues & Research In Advertising (CTC Press), 2004; 26(2); 53-66.
  • Speed R, Thompson P. Determinants of sports sponsorship response. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2000; 28(2); 226-238.
  • Soyer F. Sporda Sponsorluk: Kavram, Kapsam ve Bir Araştırma. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, 2003.
  • Tavlak S. The impact of art sponsorship on corporate reputation. Master Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, 2007.
  • Theaker A. Halkla İlişkiler El Kitabı. İstanbul: MediaCat Kitapları, 2006.
  • Tekin N, Eroğlu Eskicioğlu Y. Sports sponsorship: Turkish Airlines - Turkish Basketball Federation sample. Spor Yönetimi ve Bilgi Teknolojileri Dergisi, 2015; 10(1): 14-36.
  • Tezcan K. The importance and tax aspects of the importance and tax aspects of sponsorship expenditures. Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 2006; 78: 95-116.
  • Türegün E. Sports organizations sponsorship (Example of BEKO basketball league). Doctoral Thesis, Institute of Healthl Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Türkmen MS, Pirtini S, Bayraktar A, Bilgen İ. A research on relationship between corporate social responsibility and consumer purchase intention. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 2016; 12(45); 375-392.
  • Yavuz C. Halkla İlişkiler. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Yavuz Ş. The effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate image and purchase decision. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 2010; 6(3): 100-110.
  • Whitlark DB, Geurts MD, Swenson MJ. New product forecasting with a purchase intention survey. The Journal of Business Forecasting Methods Systems and Systems, 1993; 12(3); 1-18.
  • http://www.sponsorship.com/Resources/What-Sponsors-Want-and-Where-Dollars-Will-Go-in-20.aspx erişim: (Erişim: 18.01.2017).
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makeleler
Yazarlar

Abdullah Sencer Temel

Erkan Faruk Sırın

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2017
Kabul Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Temel, A. S., & Sırın, E. F. (2017). The relationship between sports sponsorship and corporate image, reputation and intention to buy: TORKU case. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 19(2), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.335326
AMA Temel AS, Sırın EF. The relationship between sports sponsorship and corporate image, reputation and intention to buy: TORKU case. Turk J Sport Exe. Ağustos 2017;19(2):241-253. doi:10.15314/tsed.335326
Chicago Temel, Abdullah Sencer, ve Erkan Faruk Sırın. “The Relationship Between Sports Sponsorship and Corporate Image, Reputation and Intention to Buy: TORKU Case”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 19, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2017): 241-53. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.335326.
EndNote Temel AS, Sırın EF (01 Ağustos 2017) The relationship between sports sponsorship and corporate image, reputation and intention to buy: TORKU case. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 19 2 241–253.
IEEE A. S. Temel ve E. F. Sırın, “The relationship between sports sponsorship and corporate image, reputation and intention to buy: TORKU case”, Turk J Sport Exe, c. 19, sy. 2, ss. 241–253, 2017, doi: 10.15314/tsed.335326.
ISNAD Temel, Abdullah Sencer - Sırın, Erkan Faruk. “The Relationship Between Sports Sponsorship and Corporate Image, Reputation and Intention to Buy: TORKU Case”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 19/2 (Ağustos 2017), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.335326.
JAMA Temel AS, Sırın EF. The relationship between sports sponsorship and corporate image, reputation and intention to buy: TORKU case. Turk J Sport Exe. 2017;19:241–253.
MLA Temel, Abdullah Sencer ve Erkan Faruk Sırın. “The Relationship Between Sports Sponsorship and Corporate Image, Reputation and Intention to Buy: TORKU Case”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 19, sy. 2, 2017, ss. 241-53, doi:10.15314/tsed.335326.
Vancouver Temel AS, Sırın EF. The relationship between sports sponsorship and corporate image, reputation and intention to buy: TORKU case. Turk J Sport Exe. 2017;19(2):241-53.
Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi (TJSE) Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.