Araştırma Makalesi
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Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 134 - 141, 30.04.2020

Öz

This study investigated the self-handicapping and self-esteem levels of taekwondo referees. The population was consisted of 437 Taekwondo referees which serve as official referees in the Turkish Taekwondo Federation and the study group was consisted of 82 active referees (female=36, male=46). Data were collected by inviting the referees to take part in the study during the Turkish Taekwondo Championships held in different cities. All the necessary written permissions including the ethics approval and permission from the central referee committee were obtained. Hitit University Ethics Committee approved the study. The volunteers were asked to give written consent. Statistical analyses were held by using independent samples t test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD as post-hoc and Pearson’s r. The level of significance was predetermined as .05 for all statistical analyses. To collect data, self-esteem scale by Rosenberg and self handicapping scale by Rhodewalt were used. The scales’ Turkish adaptations were done by Tukuş and Akin, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that taekwondo referees' self-handicapping scores were high and self esteem scores were moderate. The referees' self-handicapping scores were not significantly different by any variable. A significant difference in self-esteem scores by the place of residence was observed. It is concluded that additional researches should be done to set out the reasons for the high self-handicapping scores of taekwondo referees.

Kaynakça

  • Abacı R, Akın A. Kendini Sabotaj: İnsanoğlunun Sınırlı Doğasının Bir Sonucu. Ankara: Pegem Yayınları, 2011: 23-25.
  • Abdel-Khalek AM. Introduction to the Psychology of Self-Esteem. In: Self-Esteem Perspectives, Influences and Improvement Strategies, Holloway F, eds. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2016.
  • Ahn JD, Hong S, Park YK. The historical and cultural identity of taekwondo as a traditional Korean martial art. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 2009; 26(11): 1716-1734.
  • Akın A, Abacı R, Akın Ü. Self-handicapping: a conceptual analysis. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2011; 3(3): 1155-1168.
  • Akın A. Kendini sabotaj ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 2012; 37(164): 176-187.
  • Aryana M. Relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement amongst pre university students. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2010; 10(20): 2474-2477.
  • Barutçu Yıldırım F, Demir A. Kendini engellemenin yordayıcıları olarak öz saygı, öz anlayış ve akademik özyeterlilik. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 2017; 18(2): 676-701.
  • Benabou R, Tirole J. Self-confidence and personal motivation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2002; 117(3): 871-915.
  • Branden N. The Psychology of Self-Esteem. New York: Wiley Company, 2001: 110.
  • Büyükgöze H, Gün F. Araştırma görevlilerinin kendini sabotaj eğilimlerinin incelenmesi. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2015; 8(2): 689-704.
  • Chen Z, Sung K, Wang K. Self-esteem, achievement goals, and self-handicapping in college physical education. Psychological Reports, 2018; 121(4): 690-704.
  • Coudevylle GR, Ginis KAM, Famose JP. Determinants of self-handicapping strategies in sport and their effects on athletic performance. Social Behavior and Personality, 2008; 36(3): 391-398.
  • Cvencek D, Fryberg SA, Covarrubias R, Meltzoff AN. Self-concepts, self-esteem, and, academic achievement of minority and majority North American elementary school children. Child Development, 2018; 49(4): 1099-1109.
  • Duda JL. Goal perspectives, participation and persistence in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1989; 20(1): 42-56.
  • Efilti E, Çıkılı Y. Özel eğitim bölümü öğrencilerinin benlik saygısı ile mesleki benlik saygısının incelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2017; 17(1): 99-114.
  • Eronen S, Nurmi J, Salmela-Aro K. Optimistic, defensive-pessimistic, impulsive and self-handicapping strategies in university environments. Learning and Instruction, 1998; 8(2): 159-177.
  • Ferradas MM, Freire C, Rodriguez S, Pineiro I. Self-handicapping and self-esteem profiles and their relation to achievement goals. Annals of Psychology, 2018; 34(3): 545-554.
  • Finez L, Berjot S, Rosnet E, Cleveland C, Tice DM. Trait self-esteem and claimed self-handicapping motives in sports situations. Journal of Sports Science, 2012; 30(16): 1757-65.
  • Finez L, Sherman DK. Train in vain: the role of the self in claimed self-handicapping strategies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology, 2012; 34: 600-620.
  • Flett GL, Hewitt PL, Blankstein KR, Mosher SW. Perfectionism, self-actualization, and personal adjustment. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 1991; 6(5): 147-160.
  • Galante M, Ward RM. Female student leaders: An examination of transformational leadership, athletics, and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 2017; 106: 157-162.
  • Gustafsson H, Martinent G, Isoard-Gautheur S, Hassmen P, Guillet-Descas E. Performance based self-esteem and athlete-identity in athlete burnout: A person-centered approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2018; 38: 56-60.
  • Gürşen Otacıoğlu S. Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının benlik saygısı düzeyleri ile akademik ve çalgı başarılarının karşılaştırılması, Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2009; 13: 141-150.
  • Hirt ER, Deppe RK, Gordon LJ. Self-reported versus behavioural self-handicapping: empirical evidence for a theoretical distinction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991; 61(6): 981-991.
  • Hobden K, Pliner P. Self-handicapping and dimensions of perfectionism: self presentation vs self-protection. Journal of Research in Personality, 1995; 29(4): 461-474.
  • Hofseth E, Toering T, Jordet G. Shame proneness, guilt proneness, behavioral self-handicapping, and skill level: A mediational analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2015; 00: 1-12.
  • Kamuk YU, Evli F, Tecimer H. Futbol hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj duzeyleri. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2018; 11(3): 2257-2267.
  • Kamuk YU, Şensoy E. Curling hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019; 14(3): 683-695.
  • Kamuk YU, Şensoy E. Dalga sörfü hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 2019; 14(3): 683-695.
  • Kamuk YU. Badminton hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj ve benlik saygısı düzeyleri. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 2019; 2(2): 22-36.
  • Karner-Hutuleac A. Perfectionism and self-handicapping in adult education. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014; 142: 434-438.
  • Kearns H, Forbes A, Gardiner M, Marshall K. When a high distinction isn’t good enough: A review of perfectionism and self-handicapping. The Australian Educational Researcher, 2008; 35(3): 21-36.
  • Kim H, Lee K, Hong Y. Claiming the validity of negative in-group stereotypes when foreseeing a challenge: a self-handicapping account. Self and Identity, 2012; 11(3): 285-303.
  • Koivula N, Hassmen P, Fallby J. Self-esteem and perfectionism in elite athletes: effects on competitive anxiety and self-confidence. Personality and Individual Differences, 2002; 32(5): 865-875.
  • Kuczka KK, Treasure DC. Self-handicapping in competitive sport: influence of the motivational climate, self-efficacy, and perceived importance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2005; 6(5): 539-550.
  • Milner AN, Baker EH. Athletic participation and intimate partner violence victimization: investigating sport involvement, self-esteem, and abuse patterns for women and men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2015; 32(2): 268-289.
  • Özgüngör S, Duatepe Paksu A. Üniversite öğrencilerinde benlik saygısı düzeyine göre akademik başarıyı yordayan değişkenler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2017; 7(48): 111-125.
  • Özkan İ. Benlik saygısını etkileyen etkenler. Düşünen Adam, 1994; 7(3): 4-9.
  • Prapavessis H, Grove JR. Self-handicapping and self-esteem. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1998; 10(2): 175-184.
  • Rhodewalt F. Self-Handicappers: Individual Differences in the Preference for Anticipatory Self-Protective Acts. In: Self-Handicapping: The Paradox That Isn't, Higgins R, Snyder CR, Berglas S, eds. New York: Guilford Press, 1990.
  • Rosenberg M. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.
  • Saygılı G, Kesecioğlu Tİ, Kırıktaş H. The effect of educational level on self-esteem. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 2015; 4(2): 210-217.
  • Şahan Yılmaz B, Duy B. Psiko-eğitim uygulamasının kız öğrencilerin benlik saygısı ve akılcı olmayan inançları üzerine etkisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2013; 4(39): 68-81.
  • Tukuş L. Benlik saygısı değerlendirme ölçeği-kısa formu Türkçe güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Uzmanlık Tezi, 2010.
  • Turkish Ministry of Youth and Sport. 2017 yılı sporcu sayıları. Erişim tarihi: 26 Ağustos 2019. Erişim adresi: http://sgm.gsb.gov.tr/Public/Edit/images/SGM/kurumsal/istatistikler/2017/ SPORCU%20SAYILARI%202007-2017.xls
  • Urdan T. Predictors of academic self-handicapping and achievement: examining achievement goals, classroom goal structures, and culture. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2004; 96(2): 251-264.
  • USA Taekwondo Referee Development Seminar. Erişim tarihi: 16 Ekim 2019. Erişim adresi: https://www.teamusa.org/-/media/USA_Taekwondo/Documents/Competition-Rules/2018-Kyorugi-Seminar-2.pptx?la=en& hash=892687A99E6C8C618D79297D44102A1DAA12C8 4B
  • Uyanık Balat G, Akman B. Farklı sosyo-ekonomik düzeydeki lise öğrencilerinin benlik saygısı düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2004; 14(2): 175-183.
  • Üzbe N, Bacanlı H. Başarı hedef yönelimi, benlik saygısı ve akademik başarının kendini engellemeyi yordamadaki rolü. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015; 13(1): 33-50.
  • World Taekwondo. Competition rules and interpretation. Korea. World Taekwondo Federation, 2019.
  • World Taekwondo. Official Website. Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2019. Erişim adresi: www.worldtaek wondo.org/about-wt/members/
  • Yazıcıoğlu Y, Erdoğan S. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Üçüncü Basım, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık, 2011.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 134 - 141, 30.04.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abacı R, Akın A. Kendini Sabotaj: İnsanoğlunun Sınırlı Doğasının Bir Sonucu. Ankara: Pegem Yayınları, 2011: 23-25.
  • Abdel-Khalek AM. Introduction to the Psychology of Self-Esteem. In: Self-Esteem Perspectives, Influences and Improvement Strategies, Holloway F, eds. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2016.
  • Ahn JD, Hong S, Park YK. The historical and cultural identity of taekwondo as a traditional Korean martial art. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 2009; 26(11): 1716-1734.
  • Akın A, Abacı R, Akın Ü. Self-handicapping: a conceptual analysis. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2011; 3(3): 1155-1168.
  • Akın A. Kendini sabotaj ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 2012; 37(164): 176-187.
  • Aryana M. Relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement amongst pre university students. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2010; 10(20): 2474-2477.
  • Barutçu Yıldırım F, Demir A. Kendini engellemenin yordayıcıları olarak öz saygı, öz anlayış ve akademik özyeterlilik. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 2017; 18(2): 676-701.
  • Benabou R, Tirole J. Self-confidence and personal motivation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2002; 117(3): 871-915.
  • Branden N. The Psychology of Self-Esteem. New York: Wiley Company, 2001: 110.
  • Büyükgöze H, Gün F. Araştırma görevlilerinin kendini sabotaj eğilimlerinin incelenmesi. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2015; 8(2): 689-704.
  • Chen Z, Sung K, Wang K. Self-esteem, achievement goals, and self-handicapping in college physical education. Psychological Reports, 2018; 121(4): 690-704.
  • Coudevylle GR, Ginis KAM, Famose JP. Determinants of self-handicapping strategies in sport and their effects on athletic performance. Social Behavior and Personality, 2008; 36(3): 391-398.
  • Cvencek D, Fryberg SA, Covarrubias R, Meltzoff AN. Self-concepts, self-esteem, and, academic achievement of minority and majority North American elementary school children. Child Development, 2018; 49(4): 1099-1109.
  • Duda JL. Goal perspectives, participation and persistence in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1989; 20(1): 42-56.
  • Efilti E, Çıkılı Y. Özel eğitim bölümü öğrencilerinin benlik saygısı ile mesleki benlik saygısının incelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2017; 17(1): 99-114.
  • Eronen S, Nurmi J, Salmela-Aro K. Optimistic, defensive-pessimistic, impulsive and self-handicapping strategies in university environments. Learning and Instruction, 1998; 8(2): 159-177.
  • Ferradas MM, Freire C, Rodriguez S, Pineiro I. Self-handicapping and self-esteem profiles and their relation to achievement goals. Annals of Psychology, 2018; 34(3): 545-554.
  • Finez L, Berjot S, Rosnet E, Cleveland C, Tice DM. Trait self-esteem and claimed self-handicapping motives in sports situations. Journal of Sports Science, 2012; 30(16): 1757-65.
  • Finez L, Sherman DK. Train in vain: the role of the self in claimed self-handicapping strategies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology, 2012; 34: 600-620.
  • Flett GL, Hewitt PL, Blankstein KR, Mosher SW. Perfectionism, self-actualization, and personal adjustment. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 1991; 6(5): 147-160.
  • Galante M, Ward RM. Female student leaders: An examination of transformational leadership, athletics, and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 2017; 106: 157-162.
  • Gustafsson H, Martinent G, Isoard-Gautheur S, Hassmen P, Guillet-Descas E. Performance based self-esteem and athlete-identity in athlete burnout: A person-centered approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2018; 38: 56-60.
  • Gürşen Otacıoğlu S. Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının benlik saygısı düzeyleri ile akademik ve çalgı başarılarının karşılaştırılması, Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2009; 13: 141-150.
  • Hirt ER, Deppe RK, Gordon LJ. Self-reported versus behavioural self-handicapping: empirical evidence for a theoretical distinction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991; 61(6): 981-991.
  • Hobden K, Pliner P. Self-handicapping and dimensions of perfectionism: self presentation vs self-protection. Journal of Research in Personality, 1995; 29(4): 461-474.
  • Hofseth E, Toering T, Jordet G. Shame proneness, guilt proneness, behavioral self-handicapping, and skill level: A mediational analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2015; 00: 1-12.
  • Kamuk YU, Evli F, Tecimer H. Futbol hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj duzeyleri. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2018; 11(3): 2257-2267.
  • Kamuk YU, Şensoy E. Curling hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019; 14(3): 683-695.
  • Kamuk YU, Şensoy E. Dalga sörfü hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 2019; 14(3): 683-695.
  • Kamuk YU. Badminton hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj ve benlik saygısı düzeyleri. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 2019; 2(2): 22-36.
  • Karner-Hutuleac A. Perfectionism and self-handicapping in adult education. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014; 142: 434-438.
  • Kearns H, Forbes A, Gardiner M, Marshall K. When a high distinction isn’t good enough: A review of perfectionism and self-handicapping. The Australian Educational Researcher, 2008; 35(3): 21-36.
  • Kim H, Lee K, Hong Y. Claiming the validity of negative in-group stereotypes when foreseeing a challenge: a self-handicapping account. Self and Identity, 2012; 11(3): 285-303.
  • Koivula N, Hassmen P, Fallby J. Self-esteem and perfectionism in elite athletes: effects on competitive anxiety and self-confidence. Personality and Individual Differences, 2002; 32(5): 865-875.
  • Kuczka KK, Treasure DC. Self-handicapping in competitive sport: influence of the motivational climate, self-efficacy, and perceived importance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2005; 6(5): 539-550.
  • Milner AN, Baker EH. Athletic participation and intimate partner violence victimization: investigating sport involvement, self-esteem, and abuse patterns for women and men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2015; 32(2): 268-289.
  • Özgüngör S, Duatepe Paksu A. Üniversite öğrencilerinde benlik saygısı düzeyine göre akademik başarıyı yordayan değişkenler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2017; 7(48): 111-125.
  • Özkan İ. Benlik saygısını etkileyen etkenler. Düşünen Adam, 1994; 7(3): 4-9.
  • Prapavessis H, Grove JR. Self-handicapping and self-esteem. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1998; 10(2): 175-184.
  • Rhodewalt F. Self-Handicappers: Individual Differences in the Preference for Anticipatory Self-Protective Acts. In: Self-Handicapping: The Paradox That Isn't, Higgins R, Snyder CR, Berglas S, eds. New York: Guilford Press, 1990.
  • Rosenberg M. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.
  • Saygılı G, Kesecioğlu Tİ, Kırıktaş H. The effect of educational level on self-esteem. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 2015; 4(2): 210-217.
  • Şahan Yılmaz B, Duy B. Psiko-eğitim uygulamasının kız öğrencilerin benlik saygısı ve akılcı olmayan inançları üzerine etkisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2013; 4(39): 68-81.
  • Tukuş L. Benlik saygısı değerlendirme ölçeği-kısa formu Türkçe güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Uzmanlık Tezi, 2010.
  • Turkish Ministry of Youth and Sport. 2017 yılı sporcu sayıları. Erişim tarihi: 26 Ağustos 2019. Erişim adresi: http://sgm.gsb.gov.tr/Public/Edit/images/SGM/kurumsal/istatistikler/2017/ SPORCU%20SAYILARI%202007-2017.xls
  • Urdan T. Predictors of academic self-handicapping and achievement: examining achievement goals, classroom goal structures, and culture. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2004; 96(2): 251-264.
  • USA Taekwondo Referee Development Seminar. Erişim tarihi: 16 Ekim 2019. Erişim adresi: https://www.teamusa.org/-/media/USA_Taekwondo/Documents/Competition-Rules/2018-Kyorugi-Seminar-2.pptx?la=en& hash=892687A99E6C8C618D79297D44102A1DAA12C8 4B
  • Uyanık Balat G, Akman B. Farklı sosyo-ekonomik düzeydeki lise öğrencilerinin benlik saygısı düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2004; 14(2): 175-183.
  • Üzbe N, Bacanlı H. Başarı hedef yönelimi, benlik saygısı ve akademik başarının kendini engellemeyi yordamadaki rolü. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015; 13(1): 33-50.
  • World Taekwondo. Competition rules and interpretation. Korea. World Taekwondo Federation, 2019.
  • World Taekwondo. Official Website. Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2019. Erişim adresi: www.worldtaek wondo.org/about-wt/members/
  • Yazıcıoğlu Y, Erdoğan S. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Üçüncü Basım, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık, 2011.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makeleler
Yazarlar

Yetkin Utku Kamuk 0000-0001-5976-7503

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi 24 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kamuk, Y. U. (2020). Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 22(1), 134-141. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.689121
AMA Kamuk YU. Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees. Turk J Sport Exe. Nisan 2020;22(1):134-141. doi:10.15314/tsed.689121
Chicago Kamuk, Yetkin Utku. “Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 22, sy. 1 (Nisan 2020): 134-41. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.689121.
EndNote Kamuk YU (01 Nisan 2020) Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 22 1 134–141.
IEEE Y. U. Kamuk, “Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees”, Turk J Sport Exe, c. 22, sy. 1, ss. 134–141, 2020, doi: 10.15314/tsed.689121.
ISNAD Kamuk, Yetkin Utku. “Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 22/1 (Nisan 2020), 134-141. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.689121.
JAMA Kamuk YU. Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees. Turk J Sport Exe. 2020;22:134–141.
MLA Kamuk, Yetkin Utku. “Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 22, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 134-41, doi:10.15314/tsed.689121.
Vancouver Kamuk YU. Self-Handicapping and Self-Esteem Levels of Taekwondo Referees. Turk J Sport Exe. 2020;22(1):134-41.
Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi (TJSE) Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.