Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamalarında “Umut”

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 604 - 617, 27.04.2020

Fulya Akgül Gök , Ezgi Arslan Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.685832

Öz

Umut, bireyin benlik saygısının artmasında, sorunlarıyla etkili bir şekilde baş edebilmesinde oldukça önemli olan bir duygudur. İnsani bir ihtiyaç olan umudun sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında bilimsel bir temele oturtularak kullanılması, uygulamaların özgünlüğünü ve etkililiğini arttırmaktadır. Son yıllarda sosyal hizmet alanında özellikle yurt dışında yapılan araştırmalarda, sosyal hizmetin bilgi ve beceri çerçevesinde inşa edilen umut temelli uygulamaların, kronik hastalığı olan, anksiyete ve depresyon yaşayan, sorunlarıyla etkili bir şekilde baş edemeyen bireyler üzerinde oldukça olumlu etkisinin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında umut, ilişkisel, kişi merkezli, güç odaklı ve güçlendirme yönelimli uygulamalarda temel bir unsur olarak yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda düşünüldüğünde umut duygusu, bireyin öz farkındalığıyla, güçlerinin ve güçsüzlüklerinin farkında olması durumuyla ve çevresel güçlerle yakından ilişkilidir. Diğer yandan sosyal hizmet uzmanının temel becerilerinden biri olan “umut aşılama” ise sosyal hizmet uzmanının kendisini ve müracaatçıyı ne ölçüde tanıdığı ile doğru orantılıdır. Bu çalışmada, sosyal hizmet müdahalelerinde her zaman var olan ancak son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalarda bilimsel çerçevede temellendirilen umut kavramının tanımına, umut teorisine ve sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında umudun nasıl kullanıldığına ilişkin bilgilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

umut kavramı, sosyal hizmet uygulaması, sosyal hizmet

“Hope” in Social Work Practice

Öz

Hope is an emotion that is very important for the individual to increase his self-esteem and to cope with his problems effectively. The use of hope, which is a human need, on a scientific basis in social work practices, increases the originality and effectiveness of practices. In recent years, especially in research conducted abroad in the field of social work, it has been observed that hope-based practices built within the framework of knowledge and skills of social work have a very positive effect on individuals with chronic illnesses, anxiety and depression, and who cannot effectively cope with their problems. In social work practices, hope is an essential element in relational, person-centered, power-oriented and empowerment oriented practices. In this context, the sense of hope is closely related to the self-awareness, awareness of their strengths and weaknesses, and environmental forces. On the other hand, “hope vaccination”, which is one of the basic skills of the social worker, is directly proportional to the extent to which the social worker knows himself and the applicant. In this study, the definition of the concept of hope, which is always present in social work interventions but based on the scientific framework in recent studies, is given about the theory of hope and how hope is used in social work practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hope concept, social work practice, social work

Kaynakça

• Referans1 Adamson, C., L. Beddoe and A. Davys (2014) Building resilient practitioners: Definitions and practitioner understandings. British Journal of Social Work, 44(3): 522–41.
• Referans2 Akgül Gök, F. (2018). Şizofreni Tanısı Olan Bireylerin Ebeveynlerinin Yaşantılarının Güçlendirme Yaklaşımı Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Referans3 Allott, P., Loganathan, L. and Fulford, K. W. M. (2002) Discovering hope for recovery. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 21(3): 1–22.
• Referans4 Arndt, M., Murchie, F., Schembri, A. M., and Davidson, P. M. (2009). Others had similar problems and you were not alone: Evaluation of an open-group mutual aid model in cardiac rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 24(4): 328-335.
• Bent-Goodley, T.B. (2015). Editorial: A call for social work activism. Social Work, 60(2): 101–103.
• Referans5 Benzein, E. and Saveman, B.I. (1998). One step towards the understanding of hope: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 35(6): 322–9.
• Referans6 Bishop, E.C. and Willis, K. (2014) Without hope everything would be doom and gloom: Young people talk about the ımportance of hope in their lives. Journal of Youth Studies, 17(6): 778–793.
• Referans7 Boddy, J., O’Leary, P., Tsui, M.S., Pak, C.M. and Wang, D.C. (2018). Inspiring hope through social work practice. International Social Work, 61(4): 587-599.
• Referans8 Collins, S. (2015). Hope and helping in social work. Practice, 27(3): 197-213.
• Referans9 Darrell, L. (2016). Faith that God cares: The experience of spirituality with African American hemodialysis patients. Social Work and Christianity, 43(2): 189–212.
• Referans10 Dorsett, P. (2010). The Importance of hope in coping with severe acquired disability. Australian Social Work, 63(1): 83–102.
• Referans11 Du, H. and R.B. King (2013). Placing hope in self and others: Exploring the relationships among self-construals, locus of hope, and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(3): 332–7.
• Referans12 Duggleby, W. and K. Wright (2009). Transforming hope: How elderly patients live with hope. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 41(1): 204–17.
• Referans13 Duyan, V. (2010). Sosyal Hizmet: Temelleri, Yaklaşımları, Müdahale Yöntemleri. Ankara: Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanları Derneği Genel Merkezi Yayınları.
• Referans14 Farone, D.W., Fitzpatrick, T.R. and Bushfield, S.Y. (2007). Hope, locus of control, and quality of health among elder Latina cancer survivors. Social Work in Health Care, 46(2): 51–70.
• Referans15 Ferguson, I. (2008). Reclaiming Social Work: Challenging Neoliberalism And Promoting Social Justice. London: Sage.
• Referans16 Flesaker, K. and D. Larsen (2010). To offer hope you must have hope: Accounts of hope for reintegration counsellors working with women on parole and probation. Qualitative Social Work, 11(1): 61–79.
• Referans17 Guo, W.H. and M.S. Tsui (2014). From micro-situational making of agency to multi-level reflection on social relation and structure: The case of qing hong program after ‘5.12’earthquake of Sichuan, China. Qualitative Social Work, 13(5): 689–705.
• Referans18 Haugan, G., Utvaer, B.K. and Moksnes, U.K. (2013). The herth hope index – A psychometric study among cognitively intact nursing home patients. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 21(3): 378–400.
• Referans19 Heller, N. R. (2014). Risk, hope and recovery: Converging paradigms for mental health approaches with suicidal clients. The British Journal of Social Work, 45(6): 1788-1803.
• Referans20 Heller, N.R. (2015). Risk, hope and recovery: Converging paradigms for mental health approaches with suicidal clients. The British Journal of Social Work, 45(6): 1788–1803.
• Referans21 Ho, S.M., Ho J.W., Bonanno, G.A., Chu, A.T.W. and Chan, E.M.S. (2010). Hopefulness predicts resilience after hereditary colorectal cancer genetic testing: A prospective outcome trajectories study. BMC Cancer, 10(1): 279–88.
• Referans22 Mun Hong, I.W. and Ow, R. (2007). Hope among terminally 111 patients in Singapore: An exploratory study. Social Work in Health Care, 45(3): 85-106.
• Referans23 Houghton, S. (2007). Exploring hope: Its meaning for adults living with depression and for social work practice. Australian E-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 6(3): 1–8.
• Referans24 Koenig, T., and Spano, R. (2006). Professional hope in working with older adults. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 33(2): 25–44.
• Referans25 Koenig, T. and Spano, R. (2007). ‘The cultivation of social workers’ hope in personal life and professional practice. Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 26(3): 45–61.
• Referans26 Kondrat, D.C. and Teater, B. (2010). Solution-focused therapy in an emergency room setting: Increasing hope in persons presenting with suicidal ideation. Journal of Social Work, 12(1): 3–15.
• Referans27 Konopik, D.A. and Cheung, M. (2013). Psychodrama as a social work modality. Social Work, 58(1): 9–20.
• Referans28 Lazarus, R.S., Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal And Coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
• Referans29 Matsuoka, A. K. (2015). Ethnic/racial minority older adults and recovery: Integrating stories of resilience and hope in social work. British Journal of Social Work, 45(1): 135-152.
• Referans30 McCarter, A.K. (2007). The impact of hopelessness and hope on the social work profession. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 15(4): 107–23.
• Referans31 McLean, P. (2011). Balancing hope and hopelessness in family therapy for people affected by cancer. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 32(4): 329–342.
• Referans32 Mulligan, J., MacCulloch, R., Good, B. and Nicholas, D.B. (2012). Transparency, hope, and empowerment: A model for partnering with parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder at diagnosis and beyond. Social Work in Mental Health, 10(4): 311–30.
• Referans33 O’ Hara, D. (2013). Hope and Counselling in Psychotherapy. London: Sage.
• Referans34 O’Leary, P. and Robb, S. (2009). Hope and young people on the margins: Hope and utopias as prerequisites for sustainability. The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economoic and Social Sustainability, 5(4): 325–342.
• Referans35 Pargament, K. I. (2007). Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy. New York, NY: The Guildford Press.
• Referans36 Ruden, M. H. (2019). A Call for hope-centered work: A preliminary study of oncology social workers’ perceptions of the role and value of hope at end-of-life. Clinical Social Work Journal, 47: 300-307.
• Referans37 Saleebey, D. (2000). Power in the people: Strengths and hope. Advances in Social Work, 1(2): 127–36.
• Referans38 Scioli, A., M. Ricci, and T. Nyugen (2011). Hope: Its nature and measurement. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 3(2): 78–97.
• Referans39 Scott, C.V., Hyer, L.A. and McKenzie, L.C. (2015). The healing power of laughter: The applicability of humor as a psychotherapy technique with depressed and anxious older adults. Social Work in Mental Health, 13(1): 48–60.
• Referans40 Schrank, B., Stanghellini, G., and Slade, M. (2008). Hope in psychiatry: a review of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118(6): 421-433.
• Referans41 Snyder, C.R., Harris, C., Anderson, J.R., Holleran, S.A., Irving, L.M., Sigmon, S.T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C. and Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4): 570–585.
• Referans42 Snyder, C. R. (1994). The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get There From Here. New York, NY: Free Press.
• Referans43 Snyder, C.R. (1995). Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(3): 355–360.
• Referans44 Snyder, C.R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4): 249–75.
• Referans45 Tuncay, T. (2009). Genç kanser hastalarının hastalık anlatılarının güçlendirme yaklaşımı temelinde analizi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 20(2): 69-88.
• Referans46 Yeasting, K. and Jung, S. (2010). Hope in motion. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 5(3): 305–319.
• Referans47 Young, P., Hong, P., Hodge, D.R. and Choi, S. (2015). Spirituality, hope, and self-sufficiency among low-income job seekers. Social Work, 60(2): 155–64.