KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 23, 11 - 28, 01.07.2018

Abdulvahap Onur Bamyacı

Öz

Antik Troas bölgesinin önemli bir kutsal alanı olan Smintheion bünyesinde yapılan arkeolojik kazılar sırasındaortaya çıkan Erken Kalkolitik 2 Gülpınar II ve Orta Kalkolitik Dönem Gülpınar III yerleşimleri Batı Anadolusürtme taş tipolojisi hakkında önemli yeni veriler sunmaktadır. Her iki Kalkolitik kültür katmanında gün ışığınaçıkarılan sürtme taş alet ve objelerin tipolojik değerlendirilmesi sonucunda ilk kez Kuzeybatı Anadolu bölgesininsürtme taş alet repertuarında daha önce pek bilinmeyen ve Anadolu arkeolojisinde ünik sayılabilecek bazı yenialet ve obje tiplerinin varlığı dikkat çekmiştir. Bu çalışmada ele alınan Gülpınar buluntusu yivli ve çentikli taşağırlıkların işlevleri konusunda özellikle Kuzey Amerika ve Okyanusya kültürlerine ait etnografik verileri değerlibakış açıları sunmaktadır. Genellikle tezgâh ağırlığı olarak tanımlanan ve kullanım fonksiyonları tartışmalı olan butip objelerin etnografik analoji yaklaşımı ile kullanım fonksiyonlarının prehistorik olta ve ağ balıkçılığında batıraktaşları olarak kullanıldığı ileri sürülebilir. Balıkçılık aktiviteleri ile ilgili arkeolojik direk veriler oldukça az olmasınarağmen Kalkolitik Gülpınar taş ağırlıkların bir kısmının in situ bir şekilde deniz kabuğu yığınları ile depolanmışolarak bulunmuş olması taş ağırlıkların ağ batırak taşları olarak kullanımı görüşünü desteklemektedir. Etnografikanaloji yanı sıra Yakın Doğu, Ege ve Batı Anadolu’dan çeşitli buluntu yerlerindeki benzer örneklerle karşılaştırılanbatırak taşlarının Anadolu sürtme taş repertuarına dâhil edilerek ilk defa tipolojik olarak sınıflandırılmasıgerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile tanıtılan batırak taşları gibi yeni buluntu tipleri ve formların prehistorikinsanların avlanma geleneklerinde kullandıkları objelerin işlevlerine yönelik katkı sunması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yivli Taş Ağırlık, Batırak Taşı, Kuzeydoğu Ege, Kalkolitik Gülpınar

SOME SUGGESTIONS ON THE FUNCTION OF THE STONE WEIGHTS FROM CHALCOLITHIC GÜLPINAR

Öz

The Early Chalcolithic 2 Gülpınar II and Middle Chalcolithic period Gülpınar III settlements identified at Smintheion Sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus in the southwestern corner of the modern Biga Peninsula ancient Troad in north-western Anatolia have revealed new evidence regarding ground stone tool typology. Evaluation of the ground stone tool assemblages from these two consecutive Chalcolithic phases at Gülpınar have resulted in identification of a unique class of tools that could be considered as stone weights or net sinkers. Such tools were previously unknown in the archaeological record of northwestern Anatolia. This assemblage of ground stone tools is examined here via ethnographic analogy based on parallels with North America and Oceania, where they were mainly classified as sinkers for fishing lines and nets. The function of these tools is controversial because they have often been identified as loom weights or miscellaneous objects in studies of western Anatolian archaeology because direct evidence for fishing gear is relatively scarce. For the first time, these Chalcolithic Gülpınar stone weights, found in situ along with a pile of shells, support the opinion of them being used as net sinkers. Beside ethnographic analogy, other examples reported from various sites in the Near East, Aegean, and Anatolia were also examined in order to explain the function of these ground stone tools. This study also proposes that the sinker stones of Chalcolithic Gülpınar could be added to Anatolian ground stone typology. It is hoped that these tools will contribute to our understanding of long-term conventions in the fishing methods of prehistoric people and in the functional use and variability of these objects

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grooved Stone Weight, Sinker Stone, Northeast Aegean, Chalcolithic Gülpınar

Kaynakça

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