İklim Değişikliği ve Turizm İlişkisi Üzerine Sistematik Bir Literatür İncelemesi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 303 - 318, 31.07.2024
Nazlı Nur Şurğun
,
Engin Taşkın
,
Murat Bayram
Öz
İklim ve turizm arasındaki ilişki birbirini etkileyen iki önemli kavramdır. İklim değişime uğradıkça diğer sektörlere nazaran turizm sektöründe yıkıcı etkilere neden olabilmektedir. Sistematik literatür taraması çerçevesinde hazırlanan bu çalışmanın amacı iklim değişikliği ve turizm arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2018-2023 yılları arasında “İklim değişikliği ve turizm ilişkisi” odaklı yayımlanan araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre iklim değişikliği ve turizm ilişkisini inceleyen araştırmaların kış turizmi, eko turizm ve deniz turizmi olmak üzere üç temel konu üzerine odaklandıkları görülmektedir. Ayrıca, incelen araştırmaların iklim değişikliğinin turizme etkilerinin yönetilebilmesi için öneriler sunduğu da görülmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Ahmed, Y., & Helhel, Y. (2022). İklim değişikliği ve turizm ilişkisi: Olası uyum ve çözüm önerileri. Journal
of Tourism Research Institute, 3(2), 101-122.
- Algieri, B., Füg, O., & Lombardo, R. (2022). The Italian journey: Carbondioxide emissions, the role of tourism
and other economic and climate drivers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 375, 134-144. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134144.
- Arabadzhyan, A., Figini, P., García, C., González, M. M., Lam-González, Y. E., & León, C. J. (2021). Climate
change, coastal tourism, and impact chains–a literature review. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(16),
2233-2268. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1825351.
- Aras, S. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin turizm ve açık alan rekreasyonuna etkisinin incelenmesi. Journal of
Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10(4), 3645-3661. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1160.
- Aygün Oğur, A. (2022). İklim değişikliğine duyarlı turizm planlaması: Türkiye için fırsatlar ve tehditler.
Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(1), 80-104
- Bahtiyar Karadeniz, C., Sarı, S., & Çağlayan, A. B. (2018, Nisan). İklim değişikliğinin doğu Karadeniz
turizmine olası etkileri. 1. Uluslararası Eğitim ve Sosyal Bilimlerde Yeni Ufuklar Kongresi Bildiriler
Kitabı. İstanbul-Türkiye. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.418922.
- Becken, S. (2013). A review of tourism and climate change as an evolving knowledge domain. Tourism
Management Perspectives, 6, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2012.11.006.
- Craig, C. A., & Feng, S. (2018). A temporal and spatial analysis of climate change, weather events, and Tourism
businesses. Tourism Management, 67, 351-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.02.013.
- Demiralp, M. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin turizm üzerine etkisi. Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(2), 251-272.
- Demirbaş, M., & Aydın, R. (2020). 21. Yüzyılın en büyük tehdidi: küresel iklim değişikliği. Ecological Life
Sciences, 15(4), 163-179. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2020.15.4.5A0143.
- Dube, K., & Nhamo, G. (2020). Vulnerability of nature-based tourism to climate variability and change: Case
of Karibare sort town, Zimbabwe. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 100281. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100281.
- Dube, K., Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2022). Climate change-induced droughts and tourism: Impacts and
responses of Western Cape province, South Africa. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 9,
100-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100319.
- Dünya Doğayı Koruma Vakfı (World Wide Fund for Nature) (2023, Mayıs). İklim değişikliği. https://www.
wwf.org.tr/neyapiyoruz/iklimdegisikligiveenerji/iklimdegisikligi/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
- Elsayed, M. R. A. E. (2023). The impact of climate change on international
tourism: Evidence from Egypt. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3(2), 379-390.
https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14045.
- Fang, Y., Yin, J., & Wu, B. (2018). Climate change and tourism: A scientometric analysis using Cite Space. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(1), 108-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1329310
- Gu, S. (2023). The impact of increasing forest loss areas on the global temperature, and tourism industry.
Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 9(3), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2023/
v9i3205.
- Gühnemann, A., Kurzweil, A., & Mailer, M. (2021). Tourism mobility and climate change - A review of
the situation in Austria. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 34, 100-382. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100382.
- Hasanah, N. A. I., Maryetnowati, D., Edelweis, F. N., Indriyani, F., & Nugrahayu, Q. (2020). The climate
comfort assessment for tourism purposes in Borobudur Temple Indonesia. Heliyon, 6(12), e05828.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05828.
- Hernandez, M. M. G., Leon, C. J., Garcia, C., & Gonzales, Y. E. L. (2023). Assessing the climate-related risk
of marine biodiversity degradation for coastal and marine tourism. Ocean & Coastal Management,
232, 106-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106436.
- Hoogendoorn, G., & Fitchett, J. M. (2018). Tourism and climate change: A review of threats and adaptation
strategies for Africa. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(7), 742-759. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.20
16.1188893.
- Hu, Q., Becken, S., & He, X. (2022). Climate risk perception and adaptation of tourism sector in China. Journal
of Destination Marketing & Management, 23, 100-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100675.
- Kaján, E., & Saarinen, J. (2013). Tourism, climate change and adaptation: A review. Current Issues in Tourism,
16(2), 167-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.774323.
- Loehr, J., & Becken, S. (2021). The tourism climate change knowledge system. Annals of Tourism Research,
103073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103073.
- Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (2023, Mayıs). İklim değişikliği ve mevcut durum başlığı, iklim değişikliği
nedir? https://mgm.gov.tr/iklim/iklim-degisikligi.aspx adresinden erişilmiştir.
- Mushawemhuka, W., Fitchett, J. M., & Hoogendoorn, G. (2022). Stake holder perceptions of climate change
threats to the Zimbabwe an nature-based tourism sector. Environmental Development, 44, 100-779.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2022.100779
- Nicu, I. C., & Fatoric, S. (2022). Climate change impacts on immovable cultural heritage in polar regions: A
systematic bibliometric review. WIREs Climate Change, e822. https://doi.org/10.1002/wwc.882.
- Nitivattananon, V., & Srinonil, S. (2019). Enhancing coastal areas governance for sustainable tourism in the
context of urbanization and climate change in easternThailand. Advances in Climate Change Research,
10(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2019.03.003.
- Njoroge, J. M. (2015). Climate change and tourism adaptation: Literature review. Tourism and hospitality
management, 21(1), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.21.1.7.
- Özekici, Y. K., & Silik, C. E. (2017). Türkiye’deki iklim değişikliği plan ve politikalarında turizm sektörünün
yeri. Gazi Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 58-79.
- Pathak, A., E., Van Beynen, P., A. Akiwumi, F., & C. Lindeman, K. (2021). Impacts of climate change on
the tourism sector of a Small Island Developing State: A case study for the Bahamas. Environmental
Development, 37, 100-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100556
- Phan, T. D., Bertone, E., Pham, T. D., & Pham, T. V. (2021). Perceptions and willingness to pay for water
management on a highly developed tourism island under climate change: A Bayesian network
approach. Environmental Challenges, 5, 100-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100333
- Pröbstl-Haider, U., Wanner, A., Feilhammer, M., & Damm, A. (2021). Tourism and climate change- An
integrated look at the Austrian case. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 34, 100-361. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100361
- Rastegar, R., & Ruhanen, L. (2023). Climate change and tourism transition: From cosmopolitan to Local
justice. Annals of Tourism Research, 100, 103-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103565
- Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary
Reviews: Climate Change, 3(3), 213-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.165.
- Schrot, O. G., Christensen, J. H., & Formayer, H. (2019). Greenl and winter tourism in a changing climate.
Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 27, 100-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2019.100224.
- Sharpley, R. (2018). Tourism, tourists and society (5th edition). Taylor and Francis Group. https://lccn.loc.
gov/2017054399.
- Somuncu, M. (2018). İklim değişikliği Türkiye turizmi için bir tehdit mi, bir fırsat mı? TÜCAUM 30. Yıl
Uluslararası Coğrafya Sempozyumu. Ankara, Türkiye
- Spencer, N., Strobl, E., & Campbell, A. (2022). Sea level rise under climate change: Implications for beach
tourism in the Caribbean. Ocean & Coastal Management, 225, 106-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ocecoaman.2022.106207
- Tekin, Z., & Uslu, F. (2022). Turizm işletmelerinde sürdürülebilirlik ve iklim değişikliği ile mücadele: bir
model önerisi. Journal of Gastronomy Hospitalityand Travel, 5(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/ 10.33083/
joghat.2022.111
- Wang, S., & Zhou, L. (2019). Integrated impacts of climate change on glacier tourism. Advances in Climate
Change Research, 10, 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2019.06.006
- Wang, J., Wang, S., Wang, H., Zhang, Z., & Ru, X. (2021). Examining when and how perceived sustainabilityrelated climate influences pro-environmental behaviors of tourism destination residents in
China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jhtm.2021.07.008
- Weir, B. (2017). Climate change and tourism- Are we forgetting lessons from the past? Journal of Hospitality
and Tourism Management, 32, 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.05.002
- Willibald, F., Kotlarski, S., Ebner, P. P., Bavay, M., Marty, C., V.Trentini, F., Luwig, R., & Gret-Regamey, A. (2021).
Vulnerability of ski tourism towards internal climate variability and climate change in the SwissAlps.
Science of The Total Environment, 784, 147-054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147054
- Varnajot, A., & Saarinen, J. (2021). ‘After glaciers?’ towards post-Arctic tourism. Annals of Tourism Research,
91, 103-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103205
- Vourdoubas, J. (2023). The Nexus between climate change and tourism industry in the Island of Crete,
Greece. International Journal of Regional Development, 10(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.
v10i1.20397.
- Yalçın, A. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin turizm üzerine etkileri. Selçuk Turizm ve Bilişim Araştırmaları Dergisi,
1(1), 32-37.
- Yenice, Z. F., & Yalçıner Ercoşkun, Ö. (2019). Türkiye’de kış turizmi merkezlerinin iklim değişikliğine
dirençliliğinin değerlendirilmesi, Bolu Köroğlu Dağı ve Erzurum Palandöken örnekleri. Resilience
Journal, 3(2), 269-285.
- Zhang, S., & Liu, X. (2019). Ther oles of international tourism and renewable energy in environment:
New evidence from Asian countries. Renewable Energy, 139, 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
renene.2019.02.046.
Systematic literature review on climate change and tourism linkages
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 303 - 318, 31.07.2024
Nazlı Nur Şurğun
,
Engin Taşkın
,
Murat Bayram
Kaynakça
- Ahmed, Y., & Helhel, Y. (2022). İklim değişikliği ve turizm ilişkisi: Olası uyum ve çözüm önerileri. Journal
of Tourism Research Institute, 3(2), 101-122.
- Algieri, B., Füg, O., & Lombardo, R. (2022). The Italian journey: Carbondioxide emissions, the role of tourism
and other economic and climate drivers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 375, 134-144. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134144.
- Arabadzhyan, A., Figini, P., García, C., González, M. M., Lam-González, Y. E., & León, C. J. (2021). Climate
change, coastal tourism, and impact chains–a literature review. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(16),
2233-2268. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1825351.
- Aras, S. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin turizm ve açık alan rekreasyonuna etkisinin incelenmesi. Journal of
Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10(4), 3645-3661. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1160.
- Aygün Oğur, A. (2022). İklim değişikliğine duyarlı turizm planlaması: Türkiye için fırsatlar ve tehditler.
Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(1), 80-104
- Bahtiyar Karadeniz, C., Sarı, S., & Çağlayan, A. B. (2018, Nisan). İklim değişikliğinin doğu Karadeniz
turizmine olası etkileri. 1. Uluslararası Eğitim ve Sosyal Bilimlerde Yeni Ufuklar Kongresi Bildiriler
Kitabı. İstanbul-Türkiye. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.418922.
- Becken, S. (2013). A review of tourism and climate change as an evolving knowledge domain. Tourism
Management Perspectives, 6, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2012.11.006.
- Craig, C. A., & Feng, S. (2018). A temporal and spatial analysis of climate change, weather events, and Tourism
businesses. Tourism Management, 67, 351-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.02.013.
- Demiralp, M. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin turizm üzerine etkisi. Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(2), 251-272.
- Demirbaş, M., & Aydın, R. (2020). 21. Yüzyılın en büyük tehdidi: küresel iklim değişikliği. Ecological Life
Sciences, 15(4), 163-179. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2020.15.4.5A0143.
- Dube, K., & Nhamo, G. (2020). Vulnerability of nature-based tourism to climate variability and change: Case
of Karibare sort town, Zimbabwe. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 100281. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100281.
- Dube, K., Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2022). Climate change-induced droughts and tourism: Impacts and
responses of Western Cape province, South Africa. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 9,
100-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100319.
- Dünya Doğayı Koruma Vakfı (World Wide Fund for Nature) (2023, Mayıs). İklim değişikliği. https://www.
wwf.org.tr/neyapiyoruz/iklimdegisikligiveenerji/iklimdegisikligi/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
- Elsayed, M. R. A. E. (2023). The impact of climate change on international
tourism: Evidence from Egypt. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3(2), 379-390.
https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14045.
- Fang, Y., Yin, J., & Wu, B. (2018). Climate change and tourism: A scientometric analysis using Cite Space. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(1), 108-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1329310
- Gu, S. (2023). The impact of increasing forest loss areas on the global temperature, and tourism industry.
Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 9(3), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2023/
v9i3205.
- Gühnemann, A., Kurzweil, A., & Mailer, M. (2021). Tourism mobility and climate change - A review of
the situation in Austria. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 34, 100-382. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100382.
- Hasanah, N. A. I., Maryetnowati, D., Edelweis, F. N., Indriyani, F., & Nugrahayu, Q. (2020). The climate
comfort assessment for tourism purposes in Borobudur Temple Indonesia. Heliyon, 6(12), e05828.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05828.
- Hernandez, M. M. G., Leon, C. J., Garcia, C., & Gonzales, Y. E. L. (2023). Assessing the climate-related risk
of marine biodiversity degradation for coastal and marine tourism. Ocean & Coastal Management,
232, 106-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106436.
- Hoogendoorn, G., & Fitchett, J. M. (2018). Tourism and climate change: A review of threats and adaptation
strategies for Africa. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(7), 742-759. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.20
16.1188893.
- Hu, Q., Becken, S., & He, X. (2022). Climate risk perception and adaptation of tourism sector in China. Journal
of Destination Marketing & Management, 23, 100-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100675.
- Kaján, E., & Saarinen, J. (2013). Tourism, climate change and adaptation: A review. Current Issues in Tourism,
16(2), 167-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.774323.
- Loehr, J., & Becken, S. (2021). The tourism climate change knowledge system. Annals of Tourism Research,
103073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103073.
- Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (2023, Mayıs). İklim değişikliği ve mevcut durum başlığı, iklim değişikliği
nedir? https://mgm.gov.tr/iklim/iklim-degisikligi.aspx adresinden erişilmiştir.
- Mushawemhuka, W., Fitchett, J. M., & Hoogendoorn, G. (2022). Stake holder perceptions of climate change
threats to the Zimbabwe an nature-based tourism sector. Environmental Development, 44, 100-779.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2022.100779
- Nicu, I. C., & Fatoric, S. (2022). Climate change impacts on immovable cultural heritage in polar regions: A
systematic bibliometric review. WIREs Climate Change, e822. https://doi.org/10.1002/wwc.882.
- Nitivattananon, V., & Srinonil, S. (2019). Enhancing coastal areas governance for sustainable tourism in the
context of urbanization and climate change in easternThailand. Advances in Climate Change Research,
10(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2019.03.003.
- Njoroge, J. M. (2015). Climate change and tourism adaptation: Literature review. Tourism and hospitality
management, 21(1), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.21.1.7.
- Özekici, Y. K., & Silik, C. E. (2017). Türkiye’deki iklim değişikliği plan ve politikalarında turizm sektörünün
yeri. Gazi Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 58-79.
- Pathak, A., E., Van Beynen, P., A. Akiwumi, F., & C. Lindeman, K. (2021). Impacts of climate change on
the tourism sector of a Small Island Developing State: A case study for the Bahamas. Environmental
Development, 37, 100-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100556
- Phan, T. D., Bertone, E., Pham, T. D., & Pham, T. V. (2021). Perceptions and willingness to pay for water
management on a highly developed tourism island under climate change: A Bayesian network
approach. Environmental Challenges, 5, 100-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100333
- Pröbstl-Haider, U., Wanner, A., Feilhammer, M., & Damm, A. (2021). Tourism and climate change- An
integrated look at the Austrian case. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 34, 100-361. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100361
- Rastegar, R., & Ruhanen, L. (2023). Climate change and tourism transition: From cosmopolitan to Local
justice. Annals of Tourism Research, 100, 103-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103565
- Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary
Reviews: Climate Change, 3(3), 213-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.165.
- Schrot, O. G., Christensen, J. H., & Formayer, H. (2019). Greenl and winter tourism in a changing climate.
Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 27, 100-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2019.100224.
- Sharpley, R. (2018). Tourism, tourists and society (5th edition). Taylor and Francis Group. https://lccn.loc.
gov/2017054399.
- Somuncu, M. (2018). İklim değişikliği Türkiye turizmi için bir tehdit mi, bir fırsat mı? TÜCAUM 30. Yıl
Uluslararası Coğrafya Sempozyumu. Ankara, Türkiye
- Spencer, N., Strobl, E., & Campbell, A. (2022). Sea level rise under climate change: Implications for beach
tourism in the Caribbean. Ocean & Coastal Management, 225, 106-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ocecoaman.2022.106207
- Tekin, Z., & Uslu, F. (2022). Turizm işletmelerinde sürdürülebilirlik ve iklim değişikliği ile mücadele: bir
model önerisi. Journal of Gastronomy Hospitalityand Travel, 5(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/ 10.33083/
joghat.2022.111
- Wang, S., & Zhou, L. (2019). Integrated impacts of climate change on glacier tourism. Advances in Climate
Change Research, 10, 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2019.06.006
- Wang, J., Wang, S., Wang, H., Zhang, Z., & Ru, X. (2021). Examining when and how perceived sustainabilityrelated climate influences pro-environmental behaviors of tourism destination residents in
China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jhtm.2021.07.008
- Weir, B. (2017). Climate change and tourism- Are we forgetting lessons from the past? Journal of Hospitality
and Tourism Management, 32, 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.05.002
- Willibald, F., Kotlarski, S., Ebner, P. P., Bavay, M., Marty, C., V.Trentini, F., Luwig, R., & Gret-Regamey, A. (2021).
Vulnerability of ski tourism towards internal climate variability and climate change in the SwissAlps.
Science of The Total Environment, 784, 147-054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147054
- Varnajot, A., & Saarinen, J. (2021). ‘After glaciers?’ towards post-Arctic tourism. Annals of Tourism Research,
91, 103-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103205
- Vourdoubas, J. (2023). The Nexus between climate change and tourism industry in the Island of Crete,
Greece. International Journal of Regional Development, 10(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.
v10i1.20397.
- Yalçın, A. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin turizm üzerine etkileri. Selçuk Turizm ve Bilişim Araştırmaları Dergisi,
1(1), 32-37.
- Yenice, Z. F., & Yalçıner Ercoşkun, Ö. (2019). Türkiye’de kış turizmi merkezlerinin iklim değişikliğine
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