Toprakta Ağır Metal Kirliliği ve Giderim Yöntemleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 493 - 507, 31.12.2021

Osman Sönmez , Fatma Nur Kılıç

Öz

Ağır metaller toprakta ayrışarak kirliliğe yol açmaktadır ve bu kirliliğin giderilmesi metallerin başka bileşiklere dönüşememesinden dolayı zordur. Son zamanlarda nüfusun artış hızı ve artan ihtiyaç talebi ile bunun doğrultusunda sanayileşme, yoğun tarımsal uygulamalar çevre kirliliğine yol açmaktadır. Ağır metal kirliliği ana materyal kaynaklı da meydana gelebilmektedir. Toprakta yer alan ağır metaller arasında kadmiyum (Cd), bakır (Cu), kurşun (Pb), kobalt (Co), arsenik (As), civa (Hg) ve çinko (Zn) önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Ağır metal kirliliği tarımsal alanlarda kayıplara neden olabildiği gibi, bu alanlarda yetiştirilen ürünlerin tüketimiyle birlikte insan sağlığını da olumsuz etkilemektedir. Toprakta ağır metal kirliliği fiziksel, kimyasal veya biyolojik yöntem ve/veya süreçlerle izolasyon teknikleri, kirlenmiş toprağın değiştirilmesi, elektrokinetik teknikler, yıkama, biyoremediasyon teknikleri ile kontrol altına alınabilmektedir. Bu derlemede ağır metal kirliliği ve giderim yöntemleri değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak kirliliği, ağır metal, Islah teknikleri

Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Removal Methods

Öz

Heavy metals decompose in the soil and cause pollution that is difficult to remove, due to their inability to turn into other compounds. Recently, the increase in population and increasing demand and industrialization and intensive agricultural practices in line with this cause environmental pollution. Heavy metal pollution can also occur from the parent material. Among the heavy metals in the soil, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn) have an important place. Heavy metal pollution can cause losses in agricultural areas, as well as adversely affect human health with the consumption of products grown in these areas. Heavy metal pollution in the soil can be controlled by physical, chemical or biological methods and/or processes, by isolation techniques, replacing contaminated soil, electrokinetic techniques, leaching and bioremediation techniques. In this review, heavy metal pollution and removal methods were evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil pollution, heavy metal, Remediation tecniques

Kaynakça

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