Determining Energy Consumption of Sprinkler Irrigation for Different Crops in Konya Plain

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 312 - 321, 09.11.2014

Duran Yavuz , Ramazan Topak , Nurcan Yavuz

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the energy requirement of sprinkler irrigation established in different crops in Konya-Çumra irrigation district. The properties such as water resource, pumping unit, systems equipments, operation pressure, sprinkler’s spacing of the sprinkler systems were investigated and determined with regards to crops. The results showed that sprinkler irrigation systems operated and planned in five different-forms when considered their water resources and pumping units. The research was conducted on totally 69 sprinkler systems. In study, diesel fuel or electric energy, equipment manufacture energy and labour energy consumption of the sprinkler systems were determined. According to results; in sprinkler irrigation systems induced moto-pomp, the annual energy consumptions of per unit area (1 ha) for diesel fuel, equipment energy and labour energy were found as 14107, 923 and 44 MJ ha-1 year-1 on average, respectively. In centrifugal pumping systems induced by power take-off shaft, these values were computed to be 21458, 3700 and 41 MJ ha-1 year-1, respectively. In vertical axle pump system induced by power take-off shaft, the annual energy consumptions of per unit area (1 ha) for diesel fuel, equipment energy and labour energy were computed as 35748, 3873 and 40 MJ ha-1 year-1. In vertical axle pump induced by electric motor, this values were calculated to be 35491, 1164 and 42 MJ ha-1 year-1 and in submersible pumping systems this values were computed as 38850, 1321 and 37 MJ ha-1 year-1, respectively

Anahtar Kelimeler

Irrigation pumps, Konya Plain, Sprinkler irrigation, Energy consumption

Determining Energy Consumption of Sprinkler Irrigation for Different Crops in Konya Plain

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı bitkilerde, yağmurlama sulamanın enerji tüketimine tespit etmek amacıyla Konya-Çumra sulama şebekesi alanında yürütülmüştür. Bölgede uygulanan yağmurlama sistemlerinin su kaynağı, basınç kaynağı, sistem elemanları, işletme basınçları, başlık tertip esasları gibi özellikleri yerinde inceleme ve gözlemler yapılmak suretiyle belirlenmiştir. Su kaynağı ve basınç kaynağı dikkate alındığında beş farklı yağmurlama sisteminin planlanıp işletildiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bu beş grup dikkate alınarak toplam 69 yağmurlama tesisi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, sistemlerin dizel yakıt veya elektrik enerjisi, ekipman üretim enerjisi ve işgücü enerji tüketimi belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; yüzey su kaynaklarından sulama yapan yağmurlama sistemlerinde birim alana yıllık enerji tüketimi; dizel veya elektrik enerjisi, ekipman üretim enerjisi ve insan işgücü enerjisi olarak sırasıyla motopomplu sistemlerde; ortalama 14107, 923 ve 44 MJ ha-1 yıl-1, kuyruk mili ile tahrik edilen santrifüj pompalı sistemlerde; 21458, 3700 ve 41 MJ ha-1 yıl-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aynı değerler yeraltı su kaynaklarından sulama yapan yağmurlama sistemlerinden kuyruk mili ile tahrik edilen düşey milli pompalı sistemlerde; 35748, 3873 ve 40 MJ ha-1 yıl-1, elektrik motoru ile tahrik edilen düşey milli pompalı sistemlerde; 35491, 1164 ve 42 MJ ha-1 yıl-1, dalgıç pompalı sistemlerde ise 38850, 1321 ve 37 MJ ha-1 yıl-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yağmurlama sulama, Enerji tüketimi, Sulama pompaları, Konya Ovası

Kaynakça

• Ahmad, A. and Khan, S., 2009. On comparison of water and energy productivities in pressurized irrigation systems. In: Anderssen RS, Braddock RD, Newham LTH, editors. 18th world IMACS congress and MODSIM09 international congress on modelling and simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand and International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, ISBN 978-0-9758400-7-8 July, 2776-82.
• Alam, M.S., Alam, M.R. and Islam, K.K., 2005. Energy flow in agriculture: Bangladesh. Am J Environ Sci, 1(3):213-220.
• Anonymous, 2009. DSİ. IV. Bölge Müdürlüğü Verileri
• Anonymous, 2011. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/tarimalet.zul
• Bailey, A.P., Basford, W.D., Penlington, N., Park, J. R., Keatinge, J.D.H., Rehman, T., Tranter, R.B. and Yates, C.M., 2003. Comparison of energy use in conventional and integrated arable farming systems in the UK. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 87:241-253.
• Barut, Z.B. and Öztürk, H.H., 2004. Evaluation of energy inputs in maize production in Çukurova Region of Turkey. International Conference Science and Research- Tools of Global Development Strategy, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, Technical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic.
• Calisir, S., 2009. Sulamada pompaj tesisleri. Tarım Makinaları, Editör: Gazanfer Ergunes, Nobel Yayınları; 351-413, Ankara, Turkey.
• Canakci, M., Topakcİ, M., Akİncİ, I. and ozmerzi, A., 2005. Energy use pattern of some field crops and vegetable production case study Antalya region of Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management, 46(4): 655-666.
• Dalgaard, T., Halberg, N. and Porter, R.F., 2001. A model for fossil energy use in Danish agriculture used to compare organic and conventional farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 87:51-65.
• Ercoli, L., Mariotti, M., Masoni, A. and Bonari, E., 1999. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on biomass yield and efficiency of energy use in crop production of Miscanthus. Field Crops Research, 63(1):3-11.
• Gallagher, R.V., Hughes, L. and Leishman, M.R., 2009. Phenological trends among Australian Alpine species: using Herbarium records to identify climate-change indicators. Australian J of Botany,: 57(1):1-9.
• Hatirli, S.A., Ozkan, B. and Fert, C., 2005. An econometric analysis of energy input-output in Turkish agriculture. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 9(6): 608-623.
• Hodges, A.W., Lynne, G.D., Rahmani, M.R. and Casey, C.F., 1994. Adoption of energy and water conserving irrigation Technologies in Florida. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food & Agric Sci, University of Florida.
• Hülsbergen, K. J., Feil, B., Bierman, S., Rathke, G. W., Kalk, W. D. and Diepenbrock, W., 2001. A method of energy balancing in crop production and its application in a long-term fertilizer trial. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 86:303-321.
• Jackson, T., 2009. An appraisal of the on-farm water and energy nexus in irrigated agriculture. (PhD thesis) School of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Australia.
• Kara, M., Topak, R., Sahin, M., Suheri, S. ve Yavuz, D., 2008. Konya Ovası’nda sulamada yer altısuyu tüketimini azaltma çareleri. Konya Kapalı Havzası Yeraltısuyu ve Kuraklık konferansı, 11-12 Eylül, Konya, s. 51-56.
• Karkaciger, O. and Goktolga, Z.G., 2005. Input-output analysis of energy use in agriculture. Energy Conversion and Management, 46(9-10): 1513-1521.
• Keller, I. and Bliesner, R.D., 1990. Sprinkle and trickle irrigation. Chapman and Hall, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003.
• Kuesters, J. and Lammel, J., 1999. Investigations of the energy efficiency of the production of winter wheat and sugarbeet in Europe. European Journal of Agronomy, 11(1):35-43
• Lal, R., 2004. Carbon emission from farm operations. Environ Int, 30:981-90.
• Mittal, V.K. and Dhawan, K.C., 1989. Energy parameters for raising crops under various irrigation treatment in Indian agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 25(1):11-25.
• Mittal, V.K., Mittal, J.P. and Dhawan, K.C., 1985. Research digest on energy requirements in agriculture sector (1971, 1982). Coordinating Cell, All India Coordinated Research Project on Energy Requirements in Agricultural Sector, Punjab Agricultural University. Ludhiana.
• Mrini, M., Senhaji, F. and Pimentel, D., 2001. Energy analysis of sugarcane production in Morocco. Environment, Development and Sustainability, (3):109-126.
• Ozkan, B., Akcagoz, H. and Fert, C., 2004. Energy input-output analysis in Turkish agriculture. Renewable Energy, 29: 39-51.
• Ozturk, H.H. ve Barut, Z.B., 2005. Türkiye tarımında enerji kullanımı. Türkiye Ziraat mühendisliği VI. Teknik Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı: 1253-1264, 3-7 Ocak 2005, Ankara.
• Ozturk, H.H. ve Oren, M.N., 2005. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde pamuk tarımı mekanizasyonunda enerji kullanımı. GAP IV. Tarım Kongresi, 21-23 Eylül, Şanlıurfa, s, 653-657.
• Pereira, L.S., 1990. Sprinkler and trickle irrigation systems, Design and Evaluation. Notes for Students. Dept. Agricultural Engineering of Technical University of Lisbon, Bari.
• Pimentel, D. and Pimentel, M., 2008. Food, energy and society (Third ed.). Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press.
• Refsgaard, K., Halberg, N. and Kristensen, E.S., 1998. Energy utilization in crop and dairy production in organic and conventional livestock production systems. Agric System, 57:599-630.
• Refsgaard, K., Halberg, N. and Kristensen, E.S., 1998. Energy utilization in crop and dairy production in organic and conventional livestock production systems. Agricultural Systems, 57:599-630.
• Singh, J.M., 2002. On farm energy use pattern in different cropping systems in Haryana, India. International Institute of Management University of Flensburg, Sustain and Manage, Master of Science, Germany.
• Smerdon, E.T. and Hiler, E.A., 1985. Energy in irrigation in developing countries. In: Proceeding of the International Conference an Water and Water Policy in World Food Supplies. May 26-30, Texas A & M University, USA.
• Soto-Garcia, M., Martin-Gorriz, B., Garcia-Bastida, P,A., Alcon, F. and Martinez-Alverez, V., 2013. Energy consumption for crop irrigation in a semiarid climate (South-eastern Spain). Energy, 55:1084-1093.
• Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D.J., May, M., Lewis, K.A. and Jaggard, K., 2004. An assessment of the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions in sugar beet prduction in the UK. Agricultural Systems; 85(2):101-119.
• Yaldiz, O., Ozturk, H.H., Zeren, Y. ve Başçetinçelik, A., 1990. Türkiye tarla bitkileri üretiminde enerji kullanımı. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1):51-62.
• Yavuz, D., 2006. Yağmurlama sulamanın enerji gereksinimi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniv. Fen Bilimleri Ens., Konya.
• Yavuz, D., Topak, R. ve Süheri, S., 2007. Yüzey Su Kaynaklarının Kullanıldığı Yağmurlama Sulama Sistemlerinde Enerji Kullanımının Belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniv., Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(41): 51-57.s
• Yavuz, D., 2011. Patates Tarımında Farklı Sulama Yöntemlerinin Su Kullanımı, Verim ve Enerji Tüketimi Yönünden Karşılaştırılması. Doktora tezi, Selcuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bil. Enst. p, 119. Konya
• Yılmaz, I., Akcagoz, H. and Ozkan, B., 2005. An analysis of energy use and input costs for cotton production in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 30(2): 145-155.