Hatay İlinde Domates Bitkilerinden Elde Edilen Pyrenochaeta lycopersici izolatlarının Virülens Düzeyleri ve Moleküler Tiplerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 845 - 850, 16.10.2019

Fatih Mehmet Tok

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.633614

Abstract

Steril fungus
olarak da bilinen Pyrenochaeta
lycopersici, domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan ılıman iklim kuşağındaki pek
çok alanda, %40-70 arası ürün kaybına sebep olan önemli bir patojen fungustur. P. lycopersici tarafından oluşturulan
domates mantarımsı kök hastalığının etkin kimyasal mücadelesi bulunmamaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, Hatay ilinde domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlardan elde
edilen P. lycopersici izolatlarının
virülens düzeyleri ve moleküler tipleri araştırılmıştır. 2015 yılında Hatay
iline bağlı domates yetiştirilen alanlarda survey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiş
ve bu esnada solgunluk, sararma ve kök çürüklüğü görülen bitkilerden örnekler
alınmıştır. Yarı seçici besi ortamında yapılan izolasyonlarda 17 P. lycopersici izolatı elde edilmiş ve
teşhisleri ITS1/4 sekansı ile moleküler olarak doğrulanmıştır. Plyc1 ve Plyc2
spesifik primerleri ile yapılan PCR işlemi sonrasında izolatların 3’ünün
moleküler Tip1 ve 14’ünün ise Tip2 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Domates fideleri
ile kültür filtrat yöntemi kullanılarak patojenisite testi
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Oluşan hastalık simptomları 0-4 skalası kullanılarak
değerlendirilmiş ve skala değerleri McKinney formülü kullanılarak McKinney
indeksi değerlerine dönüştürülmüştür. Patojenisite testi sonucunda hastalık
şiddeti izolatlar arasında farklılık göstermiştir (65-95). Moleküler tip ile
izolatların virülenslikleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmadığı ancak
izolatların elde edildikleri lokasyon ile virülenslikleri arasında hafif bir
ilişkinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Domates, mantarımsı kök

Variability of Virulence and Molecular Types in Pyrenochaeta lycopersici Isolates From Tomato in Hatay Province of Turkey

Abstract

Pyrenochaeta
lycopersici is one of the most important fungal
plant pathogen, which is known as sterile gray fungus on tomato and causes
severe yield loss up to 40-70% in most of the temperate tomato growing areas.
There is no effective chemical control methods of corky root of tomato caused
by P. lycopersici. In this study, we
examined variability of virulence and molecular types in P. lycopersici isolates from tomato in Hatay province of Turkey. In
2015, surveys were carried out in tomato growing areas of Hatay province of
Turkey and infected plant samples showing wilting, yellowing and root rot
symptoms were collected. After isolations on semi selective medium, a total of
17 Pyrenochaeta lycopersici isolates
were collected and verified by ITS1/4 sequence. PCR process with Plyc1 and
Plyc2 specific primers showed that 3 isolates were molecular Type1 and 14
isolates were Type2. To assess of virulence level of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, a pathogenicity test was conducted with
tomato seedlings by culture filtrate method. Disease symptoms were measured
with a scale of 0-4 and the index were transformed to McKinney index. According
to McKinney index, disease severity varied among isolates (65 to 95). There was
no relationship between molecular types and virulence level but we detected
slight relationship between location and virulence in this study. 

Keywords

Tomato, corky root

References

• Bayraktar, H., Oksal, E. 2011. Molecular, physiological and pathogenic variability of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici associated with corky rot disease of tomato plants in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 39: 165-174.
• Cabi and Eppo, 2019. Distribution of Plant Diseases. http://cabweb.org/Pnt-Dis/plndipub.htm.
• Carling, D.E., Summer, D. R. 1992. In Methods for Research on Soilborne Phytopathogenic Fungi, Eds: (Singleton, L.L., Mihail, J.D. and Rush, C.M), pp. 157-165.
• FAO, 2017. www.fao.org.
• Fiume, G., Fiume, F. 2008. Biological control of corky root in tomato. Common Applied Biological Sciences, 73(2): 233-248.
• Goodenough, P.W., Maw, G.A. 1973. Effects of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici infection on nutrient uptake by tomato plants. The Annals of Applied Biology, 73: 339-347.
• Grove, G.G., Champbell, R.N. 1987. Host range and survival in soil of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. Plant Disease, 71: 806-809.
• Infantino, A., Pucci, N. 2005. A PCR-based assay for the detection and identification of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. European Journal of Plant Pathology 112: 337-347.
• Infantinoa, A., Pucci, Aragonaa, M., Felicea, S., Raub, D. 2015. Genetic structure of Italian populations of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, the causal agent of corky root rot of tomato. Plant Pathology, 64: 941-950.
• McKinney, H.H. 1923. Influence of soil temperature and moisture on infection of wheat seedlings by Helminthosporium sativum. Journal of Agricultural Resources, 26: 195-217.
• Nicola, S., Tibaldi, G, Fontana, E. 2009. Tomato production systems and their application to the tropics. Acta Horticulture, 821: 27-34.
• Pohronezny, K.L., Volin, R.B. 1991. Corky Root Rot. In: Jones JB, Jones JP, Stall RE, Zitter TA, eds. Compendium of Tomato Diseases. St Paul, MN, USA: APS, 12–3.
• Retig, N., Rabinowitch, H.D., Cedar, N.A. 1973. Simplified method for determining the resistance of tomato seedlings to Fusarium and Verticillium wilts. Phytoparasitica, 1(2): 111-114.
• Richmond, K. 1992. CMI Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases. Common Wealth Mycological Institute Press, Germany.
• Rowe, R.C., Miller, S.A., Riedel, R.M. 1995. Late Blight of Potato and Tomato. Ohio State University Extension. Extension Fact Sheet HYG-3102-95.
• Schneider, R., Gerlach, W. 1966. Pyrenochaeta lycopersici nov. spec., der Erreger der Korkwurzelkrankheit der Tomate. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 56: 117-122.
• Sherf, A.F., MacNab, A.A. 1986. Vegetable Diseases and Their Control. 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1115.
• Tamietti, G., Valentino, D. 1990. A semi-selective medium for the isolation of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici from soil. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 29: 90-94.
• TÜİK, 2019. http://www.tuik.gov.tr.
• White, J.G., Scott, A.C. 1973. Formation and ultrastructure of microsclerotia of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. The Annals of Applied Biology, 73: 163-166.
• Workneh, F., Bruggen, A.H.C., Drinkwater, L.E., Shennan, C. 1993. Variables associated with corky root and Phytophthora root rot of tomatoes in organic and conventional farms. Phytopathology, 83: 581-589.
• Young, P.A., Harrison, A.L., Alstatt, G.E. 1940. Common diseases of tomatoes. Tcx. Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir., 86: 32.