Öz
The mushrooms that are naturally grown in woodland or meadow areas are collected and consumed as popular food items all over the world because of their low cost and special taste. However, they are used as bioindicators because they can collect many heavy metals in their bodies. In this present study, our aim is to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals (Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Co, Mn, Cr and Cd) in the samples of Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél. and Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke collected from different localities of Tokat region. The heavy metal contents of the mushroom samples were determined with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric instrument (AAS). As a result of studies, heavy metal was detected in the mushroom samples ranging from 0,079 to 71,750 mg/kg. Fe was measured as the highest mineral with concentrations ranging from 9,450 to 71,750 mg/kg in all mushroom samples, and followed by Al and Zn with different rates. The least amount of minerals in all samples were Ni, Co, Cr and Cd. It is determined that the amount of minerals in dirty samples of Pleurotus eryngii is higher than clean samples. However, in the clean examples of Lepista nuda Ni, Zn, Co, Cr; also in dirty samples, Fe, Cu, Al, Mn and Cd were detected in higher amounts.
Kaynakça
- Abbaspour, N., Hurrell, R. ve Kelishadi, R. 2014. Review on iron and its importance for human health. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 19: 164-174.
- Akyüz, M. ve Kırbağ, S. 2010. Nutritive value of wild edible and cultured mushrooms. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34: 97-102.
- Altıntığ, E., Hişir, M.E. ve Altundağ, H. 2017. Determination of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-OES in mushroom samples from Sakarya, Turkey. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(3): 496-504.
- Alonso, J., García, M.A., Pérez-López, M. ve Melgar, M.J. 2003. The Concentrations and Bioconcentration Factors of Copper and Zinc in Edible Mushrooms. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 44: 180-188.
- Ángeles García, M., Alonso, J. ve Melgar, J.M. 2009. Lead in edible mushrooms: Levels and bioaccumulation factors. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167: 777-783.
- Bengü, A.Ş., Çınar Yılmaz, H., Türkekul, İ. ve Işık, H. 2019. Doğadan Toplanan ve Kültürü Yapılan Pleurotus ostreatus ve Agaricus bisporus Mantarlarının Toplam Protein, Vitamin ve Yağ Asidi İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2): 222-229.
- Duruibe, J.O., Ogwuegbu, M.O.C. ve Egwurugwu, J.N. 2007. Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(5): 112-118.
- Garcia, M.A., Alonso, J., Fernandez, M. I. ve Melgar, M.J. 1998. Lead content in edible wild mushrooms in Northwest Spain as indicator of environmental contamination. Archives Environmental Contaminatian and Toxicology, 34: 330-335.
- Guerra, F., Trevizam, A.R., Muraoka, T., Marcante, N.C. ve Canniatti-Brazaca, S.G. 2012. Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human health. Scientia Agricola, 69(1): 54-60.
- Işıldak, Ö., Türkekul, İ., Elmastaş, M. ve Aboul-Enein, H.Y. 2007. Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Some Wild-Grown Edible Mushrooms. Analytical Letters, 40: 1099-1116.
- Ita, B.N., Essien, J.P. ve Ebong, G.A. 2006. Heavy Metal Levels in Fruiting Bodies of Edible and Non-edible Mushrooms from the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences, 2(2): 84-87.
- Järup, L. 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1): 167-182.
- Kalač, P. 2001. A review of edible mushroom radioactivity. Food Chemistry, 75: 29-35.
- Kalač, P. 2009. Chemical composition and nutritional value of European species of wild growing mushrooms: a review. Food Chemistry, 113: 9-16.
- Kalač, P. ve Svoboda, L. 2000. A review of trace element concentrations in edible mushrooms. Food Chemistry, 69: 273-281.
- Kupchyk, O. 2018. Determining Heavy Metals in Mushroom Samples by Stripping Voltammetry. Food Science and Technology, 12(2): 62-67.
- Manzi, P., Aguzzi, A. ve Pizzoferrato, L. 2001. Nutritional value of mushrooms widely consumed in Italy. Food Chemistry, 73, 321-325.
- Pekşen, A. 2013. Mantarların İnsan Hayatı ve Sağlığındaki Yeri. Bahçe Haber, 2(1), 10-15.
- Pekşen, A., Yakupoğlu, G. ve Kibar, B. 2008. Some Chemical Components of Lactarius pyragalus from Diverse Locations. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20(4): 3109-3114.
- Širić, I., Humar, M., Kasap, A., Kos, I., Mioč, B. ve Pohleven, F. 2016. Heavy metal bioaccumulation by wild edible saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23: 18239-18252.
- Orsine, J.V.C., Novaes, M.R.C.G. ve Asquieri, E.R. 2012. Nutritional value of Agaricus sylvaticus; mushroom grown in Brazil. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 27(2): 449-455.
- Ouzouni, P.K., Petridis, D., Koller, W.D. ve Riganakos, K.A. 2009. Nutritional value and metal content of wild edible mushrooms collected from West Macedonia and Epirus, Greece. Food Chemistry, 115:1575-1580.
- Valverde, M.E., Hernández-Pérez, T. ve Paredes-López, O. 2015. Edible mushrooms: Improving human health and promoting quality life. International Journal of Microbiology, 2015: 1-14.
- Yamaç, M., Yıldız, D., Sarıkürkcü, C., Çelikkollu, M. ve Solak, M.H. 2007. Heavy metals in some edible mushrooms from the Central Anatolia, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 103: 263-267.
- Zhu, F., Qu, L., Fan, W., Qiao, M., Hao, H. ve Wang, X. 2011. Assessment of heavy metals in some wild edible mushrooms collected from Yunnan Province, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 179: 191-199.
Tokat'tan Toplanan İki Yenen Doğal Mantar (Pleurotus eryngii ve Lepista nuda) Örneklerindeki Ağır Metal Seviyeleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Öz
Ormanlık veya çayırlık alanlarda doğal olarak yetişen yenen mantarlar maliyetinin düşük olması ve özel bir lezzete sahip olmaları dolayısıyla tüm dünyada popüler gıda maddeleri olarak toplanmakta ve tüketilmektedir. Ancak bünyelerinde birçok ağır metalleride toplayabildiklerinden dolayı biyoindikatör olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Mevcut bu çalışmada amacımız Tokat yöresinin farklı lokalitelerinden toplanan Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél., ve Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke örneklerindeki bazı ağır metallerin (Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Co, Mn, Cr ve Cd) konsantrasyonlarını tespit etmektir. Mantar örneklerinin ağır metal içerikleri Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrofotometresi (AAS) cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda mantar örneklerinde 0,079 mg/kg ile 71,750 mg/kg arasında değişen miktarlarda ağır metal tespit edilmiştir. Tüm mantar örneklerinde demir 9,450 ile 71,750 mg/kg arasında değişen konsantrasyonlar ile miktarı en yüksek olan mineral olarak ölçülmüştür ve bunu değişik oranlar ile alüminyum ve çinko takip etmiştir. Tüm örneklerde miktarı en az olan mineraller Ni, Co, Cr ve Cd olmuştur. Pleurotus eryngii’nin kirli örneklerdeki mineral miktarının temiz örneklerinden daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak Lepista nuda’nın temiz örneklerinde Ni, Zn, Co, Cr; kirli örneklerinde ise Fe, Cu, Al, Mn ve Cd daha yüksek miktarda tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abbaspour, N., Hurrell, R. ve Kelishadi, R. 2014. Review on iron and its importance for human health. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 19: 164-174.
- Akyüz, M. ve Kırbağ, S. 2010. Nutritive value of wild edible and cultured mushrooms. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34: 97-102.
- Altıntığ, E., Hişir, M.E. ve Altundağ, H. 2017. Determination of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-OES in mushroom samples from Sakarya, Turkey. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(3): 496-504.
- Alonso, J., García, M.A., Pérez-López, M. ve Melgar, M.J. 2003. The Concentrations and Bioconcentration Factors of Copper and Zinc in Edible Mushrooms. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 44: 180-188.
- Ángeles García, M., Alonso, J. ve Melgar, J.M. 2009. Lead in edible mushrooms: Levels and bioaccumulation factors. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167: 777-783.
- Bengü, A.Ş., Çınar Yılmaz, H., Türkekul, İ. ve Işık, H. 2019. Doğadan Toplanan ve Kültürü Yapılan Pleurotus ostreatus ve Agaricus bisporus Mantarlarının Toplam Protein, Vitamin ve Yağ Asidi İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2): 222-229.
- Duruibe, J.O., Ogwuegbu, M.O.C. ve Egwurugwu, J.N. 2007. Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(5): 112-118.
- Garcia, M.A., Alonso, J., Fernandez, M. I. ve Melgar, M.J. 1998. Lead content in edible wild mushrooms in Northwest Spain as indicator of environmental contamination. Archives Environmental Contaminatian and Toxicology, 34: 330-335.
- Guerra, F., Trevizam, A.R., Muraoka, T., Marcante, N.C. ve Canniatti-Brazaca, S.G. 2012. Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human health. Scientia Agricola, 69(1): 54-60.
- Işıldak, Ö., Türkekul, İ., Elmastaş, M. ve Aboul-Enein, H.Y. 2007. Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Some Wild-Grown Edible Mushrooms. Analytical Letters, 40: 1099-1116.
- Ita, B.N., Essien, J.P. ve Ebong, G.A. 2006. Heavy Metal Levels in Fruiting Bodies of Edible and Non-edible Mushrooms from the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences, 2(2): 84-87.
- Järup, L. 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1): 167-182.
- Kalač, P. 2001. A review of edible mushroom radioactivity. Food Chemistry, 75: 29-35.
- Kalač, P. 2009. Chemical composition and nutritional value of European species of wild growing mushrooms: a review. Food Chemistry, 113: 9-16.
- Kalač, P. ve Svoboda, L. 2000. A review of trace element concentrations in edible mushrooms. Food Chemistry, 69: 273-281.
- Kupchyk, O. 2018. Determining Heavy Metals in Mushroom Samples by Stripping Voltammetry. Food Science and Technology, 12(2): 62-67.
- Manzi, P., Aguzzi, A. ve Pizzoferrato, L. 2001. Nutritional value of mushrooms widely consumed in Italy. Food Chemistry, 73, 321-325.
- Pekşen, A. 2013. Mantarların İnsan Hayatı ve Sağlığındaki Yeri. Bahçe Haber, 2(1), 10-15.
- Pekşen, A., Yakupoğlu, G. ve Kibar, B. 2008. Some Chemical Components of Lactarius pyragalus from Diverse Locations. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20(4): 3109-3114.
- Širić, I., Humar, M., Kasap, A., Kos, I., Mioč, B. ve Pohleven, F. 2016. Heavy metal bioaccumulation by wild edible saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23: 18239-18252.
- Orsine, J.V.C., Novaes, M.R.C.G. ve Asquieri, E.R. 2012. Nutritional value of Agaricus sylvaticus; mushroom grown in Brazil. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 27(2): 449-455.
- Ouzouni, P.K., Petridis, D., Koller, W.D. ve Riganakos, K.A. 2009. Nutritional value and metal content of wild edible mushrooms collected from West Macedonia and Epirus, Greece. Food Chemistry, 115:1575-1580.
- Valverde, M.E., Hernández-Pérez, T. ve Paredes-López, O. 2015. Edible mushrooms: Improving human health and promoting quality life. International Journal of Microbiology, 2015: 1-14.
- Yamaç, M., Yıldız, D., Sarıkürkcü, C., Çelikkollu, M. ve Solak, M.H. 2007. Heavy metals in some edible mushrooms from the Central Anatolia, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 103: 263-267.
- Zhu, F., Qu, L., Fan, W., Qiao, M., Hao, H. ve Wang, X. 2011. Assessment of heavy metals in some wild edible mushrooms collected from Yunnan Province, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 179: 191-199.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Ocak 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 2 Mayıs 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 |
