Süsen (Iris germanica L.) Rizomlarından Elde Edilen Distilasyon ve Ekstraksiyon Ürünlerinin Verimliliği ve Koku Bileşenleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 294 - 302, 28.01.2024

Nimet Kara , Hasan Baydar

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1230831

Abstract

Iris germanica L. bitkisinin rizomları, 2016 yılının Nisan, Mayıs, Haziran, Temmuz, Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında sökülerek hasat edilmiştir. Sökülen rizomlar kurutulduktan sonra beş yıl süreyle oda koşullarında muhafaza edilmiş, Clevenger aparatında su distilasyonu ile uçucu yağ ve hidrosol, Soxhlet aparatında ise n-hekzan ekstraksiyonu ile rizom resinoidi ve posa resinoidi elde edilmiştir. I. germanica rizomlarının uçucu yağ ve resinoid içerikleri hasat dönemlerine göre istatistiksel olarak (p≤0.01) önemli farklılıklar göstermiş, uçucu yağ oranı %0.12-0.24, resinoid oranı %2.97-6.80 arasında değişmiştir. I. germanica uçucu yağının ana bileşenlerinin α-iron (%27.38-43.27) ve ɣ-iron (%42.54-59.78), rizom resinoidinin ana bileşenlerinin miristik asit (%16.34-39.45), ɣ-iron (%13.15-31.49), α-iron (%6.93-15.26) ve heptokosan (%1.21-20.72), hidrosolün ana bileşenlerinin 6-metil-3,5-heptadien-2-on (%16.94) ve furfural (%12.27), posa resinoidinin ana bileşenlerinin ise heptakosan (%20.61) ve pentakosan (%8.61) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Iris rizomları hasat edildikten sonra beş yıl süreyle bekletildiğinde, en yüksek uçucu yağ oranının ağustos ayında ve en yüksek resinoid oranının temmuz ayında hasat edilen rizomlardan elde edilmiştir. Rizom hasat dönemleri geciktikçe, rizom uçucu yağlarında genel olarak α-iron miktarı azalırken, ɣ-iron miktarı artmıştır. Diğer taraftan, ağustos ayında hasat edilen rizomlardan elde edilen resinoidin diğer aylarda hasat edilen rizom resinoidlerine kıyasla daha yüksek oranlarda α-iron ve ɣ-iron içermiştir.

Keywords

Iris germanica, Distillation, Extraction, Essential oil, Resinoid, Hydrosol

A Study on Productivity and Fragrance Components of Distillation and Extraction Products of Iris (Iris germanica L.) Rhizomes

Abstract

The rhizomes of the Iris germanica L. plant were harvested in April, May, June, July, August and September 2016. After drying, the rhizomes were stored at room conditions for five years, essential oil and hydrosol were obtained by water distillation in the Clevenger apparatus, and resinoids from rhizome and post-distillation residue were obtained by n-hexane extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus. The essential oil and resinoid contents of I. germanica rhizomes showed statistically significant (p≤0.01) differences according to the harvest periods, the essential oil ratio ranged between 0.12-0.24% and the resinoid ratio between 2.97-6.80%. The main components of I. germanica were α-irone (27.38-43.27%) and ɣ-irone (42.54-59.78%) in the essential oil, myristic acid (16.34-39.45%), ɣ-irone (13.15-31.49%), α-irone (6.93-15.26%) and heptocosan (1.21-20.72%) in the rhizome resinoid, 6-methyl-3,5-heptadiene-2-one (16.94%) and furfural (12.27%) in the hydrosol, heptacosan (20.61%) and pentacosan (8.61%) in the post-distillation residue resinoid. When iris rhizomes were stored for five years after harvesting, the highest essential oil ratio was obtained in August and the highest resinoid ratio was obtained from rhizomes harvested in July. As the rhizome harvesting periods were delayed, the amount of α-irone generally decreased, while the amount of ɣ-irone increased in rhizome essential oils. On the other hand, resinoid obtained from rhizomes harvested in August contained higher proportions of α-irone and ɣ-irone compared to rhizome resinoids harvested in other months.

Keywords

Iris germanica, Distillation, Extraction, Essential oil, Resinoid, Hydrosol

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