The Relationship Between Total Phenol, Total Flavonoid, and IC50 Contents of Different Parts of Satureja thymbra and Nutrient Elements

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 190 - 196, 28.01.2024

Işın Kocabaş Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1302051

Öz

The goal of this study is to investigate the variations in certain quality parameters, including total antioxidant activity, total phenol and total flavonoid contents, of various organs, including inflorescences, leaves and stems, of the Satureja thymbra plant, which grows naturally in the Kaş district of Antalya. Also, the relationship between these quality parameters and the nutrient content of the plant was revealed. The free radical (DPPH) was used to determine the antiradical scavenging activities of extracts prepared from various parts of the plant. The concentration of the antioxidant compound that can cause a 50 % loss in DPPH free radical activity is expressed by the IC50 value. S. thymbra leaf extracts have higher antiradical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.11 mg dw/mg-DPPH), total phenol (38.79 mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid (29.0 mg/g) content than extracts of other plant components.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Satureja thymbra, Phenol, Flavonoid, Antioxidant activity, Nutrient elements

Satureja thymbra’nın farklı kısımlarının toplam fenol, toplam flavonoid ve IC50 içerikleri ve besin elementleri arasındaki ilişki

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Antalya’nın Kaş ilçesinde doğal olarak yetişen Satureja thymbra bitkisinin çiçek, yapraklar ve saplar gibi farklı organlarının içermiş olduğu toplam antioksidan aktivitesi toplam fenol ve toplam flavonoid içerikleri gibi bazı kalite parametrelerindeki değişimin araştırılmasıdır. Aynı zamanda bu kalite parametrelerinin bitkinin besin elementi içerikleri ile arasındaki korelasyon incelenmiştir. Serbest radikal olan (DPPH) ile bitkinin farklı kısımlarından hazırlanan ektraktların antiradikal süpürücü aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. DPPH serbest radikal aktivitesinde %50 kayba neden olabilen antioksidan bileşiğin konsantrasyonu IC50 değeri ile ifade edilmiştir. S. thymbra’nın yaprak ekstraktlarında antiradikal süpürücü aktivite (IC50 = 0.11 mg dw/mg DPPH) toplam fenol (38.79 mg GAE/g) ve toplam flavonoid (29.59 mg/g) içeriği bitkinin diğer kısımlardan oluşan ekstraktlara göre daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Satureja thymbra, Fenol, Flavonoid, Antioksidan aktivitesi, Besin elementleri

Kaynakça

• Abbasifar, A., Shahrabadi, F. and ValizadehKaji, B. (2020). Effects of green synthesized zinc and copper nano-fertilizers on the morphological and biochemical attributes of basil plant. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43:8, 1104-1118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1724305.
• Abdelshafeek, K. A., Osman, A. F., Mouneir, S. M., Elhenawy, A. A. and Abdallah, W. E. (2023). Phytochemical profle, comparative evaluation of Satureja montana alcoholic extract for antioxidants, anti-infammatory and molecular docking studies. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 23:108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03913-0
• Arslan, D. and Özcan, M. M. (2012). Evaluation of drying methods with respect to drying kinetics, mineral content and color characteristics of savory leaves. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5:983–991. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11947-010-0498-y
• Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye'de Tıbbi Bitkilerle Tedavi (Geçmişten Günümüze). İstanbul: Nobel Yayınları. 332 s. Caliskan, U. K. (Ed.). (2023). Medicinal Plants of Turkey (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003146971
• Cemeroğlu, B. (2010). Gıda Analizleri. Ankara: Gıda Teknolojisi Yayınları No:34. 167s.
• Chang, C.H., Lin, H.Y., Chang, C.Y. and Liu, Y. C. (2006). Comparisons on the antioxidant properties of fresh, freeze-dried and hot-air-dried tomatoes. Journal of Food Engineering, 77, 478:485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.06.061
• Chang, J., Wang, M., Jian, Y., Zhang, F., Zhu, J., Wang, Q. and Sun, B. (2019). Health-promoting phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity in different organs from six varieties of Chinese kale. Scientific Reports, 9: 20344. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-019-56671-w
• Choulitoudi, E, Xristou M, Tsimogiannis, D. and Oreopoulou, V. (2021). The effect of temperature on the phenolic content and oxidative stability of o/w emulsions enriched with natural extracts from Satureja thymbra. Food Chemistry, 349:129206. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129206
• Giweli, A., Džamić, A. M., Soković M., Ristić, M. S. and Marin, P. D. (2012). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of Satureja thymbra growing wild in Libya. Molecules, 17, 4836-4850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17054836
• Gürdal, B. and Kültür, Ş. (2013). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Marmaris (Muğla, Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146 (1): 113-126. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.012.
• Kacar, B. and İnal, A. 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları No:1241 (63). Fen Bilimleri: 63, 879 p. Lessmann, J. M., Brix, H., Bauer, V., Clevering, O. A. and Comin, F. A. (2001). Effect of climatic gradients on the photosynthetic responses of four Phragmites australis populations. Aquatic Botany, 69:109-126. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00133-4.
• Ma, D., Sun, D., Wang, C., Li, Y. and Guo, T. (2014). Expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and accumulation of flavonoid in wheat leaves in response to drought stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 80: 60-66. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.024.
• Manthey, J. A., Grohmanna, K., Berhow, M. A. and Tisserat, B. (2000). Changes in citrus leaf flavonoid concentrations resulting from blight-induced zinc-deficiency. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 38 (4): 333-343. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0981-9428(00)00748-8.
• Mehrabani,L. V., Kamran, R. V., Hassanpouraghdam, M. B. and Pessarakli, M. (2017). Zinc sulfate foliar application effects on some physiological characteristics and phenolic and essential oil contents of Lavandula stoechas L. under sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity conditions, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 48 (16): 1860-1867. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00103624.2017.1406105
• Momtaz, S. and Abdollahi, M. (2010). An update on pharmacology of Satureja species; from antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetes and anti-hyperlipidemic to reproductive stimulation. International Journal of Pharmacology, 6(4): 454-461. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.3923/ijp.2010.346.353
• Özcan, M. (2004). Mineral contents of some plants used as condiments in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 84: 437-440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00263-2
• Özkan, G. (2007). Türkiye’de Lamiaceae (Labiatae) familyasına ait baharat veya çeşni olarak kullanılan bazı bitkilerin fenolik bileşenleri ile antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Konya, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
• Öztürk, M. (2012). Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of savoury (Satureja thymbra L.) with identified major terpenes of the essential oil. Food Chemistry, 134: 48-54. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.054
• Pinna, M. S., Bacchetta, G., Cogoni, D. and Fenu, G. (2021). Recruitment pattern in an isolated small population of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub Satureja thymbra L. and implication for conservation. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 32 (1): 205–213. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12210-021-00978-2
• Sawicka, B., Danilˇcenko, H., Jariene, E., Skiba, D., Racho ´n, L., Barba´s, P. and Pszczółkowski, P. (2021). Nutritional value of jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.) grown in organic system under Lithuanian and Polish conditions. Agriculture, 11: 440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050440.
• Selvi, S., Polat, R., Çakılcıoğlu, U., Celep, F., Dirmenci, T. and Ertuğ, Z. (2022). An ethnobotanical review on medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany: 46 (4) 283-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008X.2712
• Skoula, M., Grayer, R. J. and Kite G. C. (2005). Surface flavonoids in Satureja thymbra and Satureja spinosa (Lamiaceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 33: 541–544. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.bse.2004.10.003
• Spanos, G.A. and Wrolstad, R.E. (1990). Influence of processing and storage on the phenolic composition of thompson seedless grape juice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38: 1565-1571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00097a030
• Subramanian, D., Subha, R. and Murugesan, A.K. (2022). Accumulation and translocation of trace elements and macronutrients in different plant species across five study sites. Ecological Indicators, 135: 108522. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108522.
• Tepe, B. and Çilkız, M. (2016). A pharmacological and phytochemical overview on Satureja. Pharmaceutical Biology. 54:3, 375-412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2015.1043560
• Wegiera, M., Grabarczyk, P., Baraniak, B. and Smolarz, H. D. (2011). Antiradical properties of extracts from roots, leaves and fruits of six rumex L. species. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, 53 (1): 125-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10182-011-0018-z