Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence Responses of Lentil Cultivars to High Temperatures

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 442 - 453, 30.04.2024

Ali Öztürk , Aleyna Dumlu , Hasan Kartay

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1437147

Abstract

High temperatures at seed germination and seedling emergence stages can significant reduces plant establishment and grain yield of lentil. This study was conducted at laboratory conditions and 16 lentil cultivars were evaluated for seed germination and seedling emergence traits under increasing temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 °C). Significant differences were identified among the lentil cultivars in terms of the investigated traits. High temperatures negatively affected the germination and emergence traits investigated, and variety x temperature interactions were found to be important in terms of these traits. None of the cultivars germinated at 40 and 45 °C and emergence at 35, 40 and 45 °C treatments. In any cultivar, germination was not observed at 40 and 45 °C treatments; there was no emergence at 35, 40 and 45 °C. Based on germination percentage, germination index, germination time, germination vigor index, emergence percentage, emergence index, emergence time and emergence vigor index criteria, Gümrah, Emre 20 and Meyveci 2001 cultivars were identified as the most resistant to high temperatures at germination and emergence stages. These varieties can provide yield advantages in environments with high soil temperatures at sowing time and can be used as parents in relevant breeding programs.

Keywords

Emergence vigor index, Germination vigor index, Lens culinaris Medik., Stress

Mercimek Çeşitlerinin Yüksek Sıcaklıklara Tohum Çimlenmesi ve Fide Çıkışı Tepkileri

Abstract

Tohum çimlenme ve fide çıkış dönemlerindeki yüksek sıcaklıklar mercimeğin fide tesisi ve tane veriminde önemli azalmalara neden olabilir. Laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülen bu araştırmada 16 mercimek çeşidi artan sıcaklıklarda (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 °C) tohum çimlenmesi ve fide çıkış özellikleri yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen özellikler yönünden çeşitler arasında önemli farklar belirlenmiştir. Yüksek sıcaklıklar incelenen çimlenme ve çıkış özelliklerini olumsuz etkilemiş, bu özellikler yönünden çeşit x sıcaklık etkileşimleri önemli bulunmuştur. Hiçbir çeşitte 40 ve 45 °C uygulamalarında çimlenme; 35, 40 ve 45 °C uygulamalarında çıkış olmamıştır. Çimlenme yüzdesi, çimlenme indeksi, çimlenme süresi, çimlenme güç indeksi, çıkış yüzdesi, çıkış indeksi, çıkış süresi ve çıkış güç indeksi ölçütleri esas alınarak, Gümrah, Emre 20 ve Meyveci 2001 çeşitleri çimlenme ve çıkış dönemlerindeki yüksek sıcaklıklara en dayanıklı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu çeşitler, ekim zamanında toprak sıcaklığı yüksek olan çevrelerde verim avantajı sağlayabilir ve ilgili ıslah programlarında ebeveyn olarak kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Çıkış güç indeksi, Çimlenme güç indeksi, Lens culinaris Medik., Stres

References

• Afzal, O., Hassan, F.U., Ahmed, M., Shabbir, G. ve Ahmed, S. 2022. Temperature affects germination indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 32 (6): 1691-1702.
• Anonim, 2022b. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Ankara. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (07.02.2024).
• Anonymous, 2022a. FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. http://www.fao.org (07.02.2024).
• AOSA, 1993. Rules for Testing Seeds. Published by: Association of Official Seed Analysts and the Society of Commercial Seed Technologists (SCST). Journal of Seed Technology, 16 (3): 1-113.
• Barros, J.R.A., Angelotti, F., Santos, J.O., Silva, R.M., Dantas, B.F. ve Melo, N.F. 2020. Optimal temperature for germination and seedling development in cowpea seeds. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortic., 14 (2): 231-239.
• Basu, P.S., Chaturvedi, S.K., Gaur, P.M., Mondal, B., Meena, S.K., Das, K., Kumar, V., Tewari, K. ve Sharma, K. 2022. Physiological mechanisms of tolerance to drought and heat in major pulses for improving yield under stress environments. ‘‘Alınmıştır: Advances in Plant Defense Mechanisms, (ed) Kimatu, J.N., IntechOpen, 1-41.
• Bhandari, K., Sharma, K.D., Rao, B.H., Siddique, K.H.M., Gaur, P., Agrawal, S.K., Nair, R.M. ve Nayyar, H. 2017. Temperature sensitivity of food legumes: a physiological insight. Acta Physiol Plant, 39 (68): 1-22.
• Biçer, B.T. 2014. Some agronomic studies in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 1(1): 42–51.
• Çiftçi, V. ve Kulaz, H. 1998. Mercimekte (Lens culinaris Medik.) çimlenme durgunluğu. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 4 (2): 21-26.
• Covell, S., Ellis, R.H., Roberts. E.H. ve Summerfield. R.J. 1986. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes. I. A comparison of chickpea, lentil, soybean and cowpea at constant temperatures. Journal of Experimental Botany, 37 (178): 705-715.
• Das, S.K. ve Rafiqul Islam, A.T.M. 2018. Effects of salinity on germination and seedling growth of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties in Bangladesh. Barishal University Journal, 5 (1-2): 141-151.
• Delahunty, A.J. 2021. Increasing lentil (Lens culinaris) adaptation to acute high temperature for arable cropping. The University of Melbourne. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences. Doctoral Thesis. 204 p.
• Delahunty, A., Nuttall. J., Nicolas. M. ve Brand. J. 2015. Genotypic heat tolerance in lentil. Building Productive. Diverse and Sustainable Landscapes. Proceedings of the 17th ASA Conference, 20-24 September, Hobart, Australia.
• De Ron A.M., Rodino, A.P., Santalla, M., Gonzalez, A.M., Lema, M.J., Martin, I. ve Kigel, J. 2016. Seedling emergence and phenotypic response of common bean germplasm to different temperatures under controlled conditions and in open field. Front. Plant Sci. 7 (1087): 1-12.
• Driedonks, N., Rieu, I. ve Vriezen, W.H. 2016. Breeding for plant heat tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages. Plant Reprod, 29: 67-79.
• Ellis, R.A. ve Roberts, E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 9: 373-409.
• El-Mowafy, M.R. ve Kishk A.M.S. 2017. Effect of soaking treatments and temperature during germination on germinability and rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed quality. J. Plant Production, 8(4): 537-540.
• Foti, C., Khah, E.M. ve Pavli, O.I. 2019. Germination profiling of lentil genotypes subjected to salinity stress. Plant Biology, 21: 480-486.
• Gupta, P.C., 1993. Seed vigour testing. ‘‘Alınmıştır: Handbook of Seed Testing. (ed) Agrawal, P.K., New Delhi, 242-249.
• Hamdi, A.H.I., Rasha, Y.S., El-Khalek, A. ve Eraky, H.A.M. 2019. Effect of drought and combined salt and heat stresses on germination and seedling growth patterns of lentil. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 46 (3): 595-607.
• Hasan, M.A., Ahmed, J.U., Hossain, T., Hossain, M.M. ve Ullah, M.A. 2004. Germination characters and seed reserve mobilization during germination of different wheat genotypes under variable temperature regimes. J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka, 32 (3-4): 97-107.
• Hojjat, S.S. ve Galstayan, M. 2012. Effects of different temperatures and duration on germination of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Seeds. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 38 (2): 101–105.
• Howarth, C.J. 2005. Genetic improvements of tolerance to high temperature. ‘‘Alınmıştır: Abiotic Stresses: Plant Resistance Through Breeding and Molecular Approaches. (ed) Ashraf. M., Harris. P.J.C., Howarth Press Inc., New York, USA, 277-300.
• Kader, M.A., 2005. A comparison of seed germination calculation formulae and the associated interpretation of resulting data. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 138: 65-75.
• Karadavut, U. ve Sözen, Ö. 2019. Yerel mercimek genotiplerinin verime etki eden bazı karakterleri için genotipik ve çevresel etkilerin belirlenmesi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 6 (4): 870-877.
• Karaman, R. ve Kaya, M. 2017. Mercimeğe (Lens esculanta Moench) uygulanan farklı klor tuzu ve dozlarının kimi ilk gelişme özelliklerine etkisi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 23: 10-21.
• Khatun, S., Ahmed, J.U., Mollah, Md.M.I. ve Taewan, K. 2018. Physiological mechanism of thermotolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 9: 2719-2727.
• Kumar, V., Poonia, R.C. ve Chaudhary, K. 2018. Assessment of the seed vigour potential in different varieties of wheat. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7 (7): 354-361.
• Lafond, G.P. ve Fowler, B.D. 1989. Soil temperature and water content, seeding depth, and simulated rainfall effects on winter wheat emergence. Agron. J. 81: 609-614.
• Maestri, E., Klueva, N., Perrotta. C., Gulli, M., Nguyen, H.T. ve Marmiroli, N. 2002. Molecular genetics of heat tolerance and heat shock proteins in cereals. Plant Mol Biol, 48: 667-681.
• Makkawi, M., El Balla, M., Bishaw, Z. ve van Gastel, A.J.G. 2008. Correlation and path coefficient analyses of laboratory tests as predictors of field emergence in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Journal of New Seeds, 9 (4): 284-302.
• Mokhtari, N.E.P. 2023. Standardization of vigour test to predict field emergence and difference of seed vigour among lentils (Lens culinaris L.) seed lots. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 47: 206-214.
• Mufti, M.U., 2005. Screening wheat seedlings for heat and drought tolerance by in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 184p.
• Özdemir, S. 2006. Yemeklik Baklagiller. Hasad Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 165s.
• Parthasarathi, T., Firdous, S., David, E.M., Lesharadevi, K. ve Djanaguiraman, M. 2022. Effects of High Temperature on Crops. ‘‘Alınmıştır: Advances in Plant Defense Mechanisms. (ed) Josphert, N. Kimatu, J.N. Chapter 2:1-18, IntechOpen. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen. 98128.
• Poomani, S., Yadav, S., Choudhary, R., Singh, D., Dahuja, A. ve Yadav, S.K. 2023. Seed priming with humic acid modifies seedling vigor and biochemical response of lentil under heat stress conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 47: 1043-1057.
• Rawal, V. ve Navarro, D. 2019. The Global Economy of Pulses. FAO: Rome, Italy, 190.
• Rich, S.M., Berger, J., Lawes, R. ve Fletcher, A. 2022. Chickpea and lentil show little genetic variation in emergence ability and rate from deep sowing, but small-sized seed produces less vigorous seedlings. Crop and Pasture Science, 73 (9): 1042-1055.
• Rodriguez, V.M., Soengas, P., Alonso-Villaverde, V., Sotelo, T., Cartea, M.E. ve Velasco, P. 2015. Effect of temperature stress on the early vegetative development of Brassica oleracea L. BMC Plant Biology, 15 (145): 1-9.
• RStudio Team (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA. http://www.rstudio.com/.
• Safahani, A.R., Kamakar, B. ve Nabizadeh, A. 2017. Cardinal temperatures and thermal time required for emergence of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Legume Research, 40 (2): 291-298.
• Sharma, S., Singh, V., Tanwar, H., Mor, V.S., Kumar, M., Punia, R.C., Dalal, M.S., Khan, M., Sangwan, S., Bhuker, A., Dagar, C.S., Yashveer, S. ve Singh, J. 2022. Impact of high temperature on germination, seedling growth and enzymatic activity of wheat. Agriculture, 12:1500.
• Singh, N.T. ve Dhaliwal, G.S. 1972. Effect of soil temperature on seedling emergence in different crops. Plant and Soil, 37: 441-444.
• Sita, K., Sehgal, A., HanumanthaRao, B., Nair, R.M., Vara Prasad, P.V., Kumar, S., Gaur, P.M., Farooq, M., Siddique, K.H.M., Varshney, R.K. ve Nayyar, H. 2017. Food legumes and rising temperatures: Effects, adaptive functional mechanisms specific to reproductive growth stage and strategies to ımprove heat tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Sci. 8 (1658): 1-30.
• Tanveer, A., Rehman, A., Javaid, M.M., Abbas, R.N., Sibtain, M., Ahmad, A., Ibın Zamir, M.S., Chaudhary, K.M. ve Aziz, A. 2010. Allelopathic potential of Euphorbia helioscopia L. against wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.). Turk J Agric For. 34: 75-81.
• Taratima, W., Chuanchumkan, C., Maneerattanarungroj, P., Trunjaruen, A., Theerakulpisut, P. ve Dongsansuk, A. 2022. Effect of heat stress on some physiological and anatomical characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. KDML105 callus and seedling. Biology, 11 (1587): 1-14.
• Venugopalan, V.K., Nath, R., Sengupta, K., Nalia, A., Banerjee, S., Chandran, M.A.S., Ibrahimova, U., Dessoky, E.S., Attia, A.O., Hassan, M.M. ve Hossain, A. 2021. The response of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) to soil moisture and heat stress under different dates of sowing and foliar application of micronutrients. Frontiers in Plant Sci. 12 (679469): 1-16.
• Wahid, A., Gelani, S., Ashraf, M. ve Foolad, M.R. 2007. Heat tolerance in plants: An overview. Environmental and Experimental Botany 61:199-223.
• Wang, N., Hatcher. D.W., Toews. R. ve Gawalko. E.J. 2009. Influence of cooking and dehulling on nutritional composition of several varieties of lentils (Lens culinaris). Food Science and Technology, 42 (4): 842-848.
• Watt, M.S. ve Bloomberg, M. 2012. Key features of the seed germination response to high temperatures. New Phytologist, 196: 332-336.