Screening Organic Acid Contents of Tomato Landraces Collected From Aegean-Mediterranean Region of Anatolia

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 583 - 596, 30.04.2024

Seçkin Kaya , Okan Erken , Bayram Kızılkaya

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1454880

Abstract

Tomato landraces can serve as valuable sources for breeding new cultivars aimed at enhancing fruit quality in terms of organic acids. Nineteen tomato landraces spread along the Mediterranean coasts of Anatolia were evaluated to determine their basic internal quality parameters and organic acid composition. The parameters assessed included fruit weight, diameter, length, pH, titrable acidity (TA %), soluble solid content (SSC%), SSC/TA ratio, and organic acids, such as oxalic (OA), tartaric (TarA), malic (MA), malonic (MalA), lactic (LA), acetic (AA), citric (CA), and ascorbic acids (AscA). Significant diversity was observed among the different landraces concerning these traits. Citric acid was found to be the most abundant organic acid within the landraces. Notably, the highest and lowest values for CA were recorded in Ege 8 (105.73 mg g-1) and TR62707 (31.10 mg g-1), respectively, making them promising sources for future breeding programs. Ascorbic acid (AscA) exhibited the lowest content among all the organic acids, ranging from 0.06 to 0.12 mg.g-1 (equivalent to 64-116 µg.g-1). Moreover, the landrace TR49646 displayed the highest malic acid content (8.23 mg g-1), making it a potential source for obtaining high malic acid content. Conversely, Ege 6 showed the lowest malic acid content (5.11 mg g-1). For health purposes, the landrace TR63233 was identified as having the lowest oxalic acid content. Multidimensional scale analysis further confirmed the potential candidates identified by the ANOVA and one-way ANOM tests. The results revealed a considerable diversity among the evaluated landraces, and the identified traits could be instrumental in selecting and breeding new cultivars with improved characteristics.

Keywords

citric acid, diversity, organic acids, malic acid, oxalic acid, tomatoes.

Project Number

This study was supported by Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, The Scientific Research Coordination Unit, project grand number FHD-216-911.

Anadolu'nun Ege-Akdeniz Kıyılarindan Toplanan Yerel Domates Çeşitlerinin Organik Asit İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Yerel domates çeşitleri, organik asitler açısından meyve kalitesini arttırmayı amaçlayan yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi için değerli kaynaklar olarak hizmet edebilir. Bu amaçla, Anadolu'nun Akdeniz kıyılarına yayılan 19 yerel domates çeşidi, temel meyve kalite parametreleri ve organik asit içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla taranmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında yerel domates çeşitlerinde meyve ağırlığı, meyve çapı, meyve boyu, pH, titre edilebilir toplam asitlik (%TETA), suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı (%SÇKM), SÇKM/TETA oranı ve oksalik (OA), tartarik (TarA), malik aist (MA), malonik (MalA), laktik (LA), asetik (AA), sitrik (CA) ve askorbik asitler (AscA) içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre bütün özellikler göz önüne alındığında yerel çeşitler arasında önemli farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Yerel domates çeşitlerinde beklendiği gibi en fazla bulunan organik asitin, sitrik asit olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dikkat çekici bir şekilde, CA için en yüksek ve en düşük değerler sırasıyla Ege 8 (105,73 mg/g) ve TR62707'de (31,10 mg/g) olarak kaydedilmiş olup, bu da onları gelecekteki ıslah programları için umut verici kaynaklar haline getirmiştir. Askorbik asit (AscA), 0,06 ila 0,12 mg.g-1 (64-116 µg.g-1'e eşdeğer) arasında değişen miktarlar ile tüm organik asitler arasında en az belirlenen asit olmuştur. Ayrıca, TR49646 kod numaralı yerel çeşit en yüksek malik asit (8,23 mg/g) içeren çeşit olarak belirlenmiş ve bu sonuç bu çeşidi yüksek malik asit içeriği elde etmek için ileriki yıllarda kullanılabilecek potansiyel bir genetik kaynak olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bunun tersine, Ege 6 en düşük malik asit içeriğini (5.11 mg/g) göstermiştir. İnsan sağlığı açısından, TR63233 kod numaralı yerel çeşit en düşük oksalik asit içeriğine sahip çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Çok boyutlu ölçek analizi, ANOVA ve tek yönlü ANOM testleri tarafından belirlenen potansiyel adayları doğrulamıştır. Sonuçlar, değerlendirilen yerel çeşitler arasında önemli bir çeşitlilik olduğunu ortaya koymuş ve tanımlanan özelliklerin, gelişmiş özelliklere sahip yeni çeşitlerin ıslahında gelecek yıllarda potansiyel olarak kullanılabilir olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Sitrik asit, çeşitlilik, organik asit, malik asit, okzalik asit, domates.

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that no competing interests exist..

Supporting Institution

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, The Scientific Research Coordination Unit

Project Number

This study was supported by Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, The Scientific Research Coordination Unit, project grand number FHD-216-911.

Thanks

Authors would like to thank to Dr. Tutku AK for English editing and to Dr. Soner YIGIT for statistical analysis.

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