KENTSEL AÇIK ALANLARDA KULLANILAN BİTKİ KAPLARI ÜZERİNE KAPSAMLI BİR ÇALIŞMA: ISPARTA-TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 123 - 137, 30.10.2023

Candan Kuş Şahin , Esra Bayazıt , Beyza Sava , Büşra Onay

https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1291725

Öz

Bitkilerin ve kapların türü, boyutu ve şekli kentsel tasarımcılar tarafından dikkatle gözden geçirilmelidir. Isparta kent merkezinde yedi ana saksı tipi gözlemlenmiştir, hatta bazılarının daha alt bölümleri de vardır. Bunlar; beton-, ahşap-, plastik-, kompozit- (ahşap-plastik), metal- (alüminyum), pişmiş toprak- ve alüminyum-ahşap kombine saksılardır. Bunların her birinin kendine has estetik ve işlevsel özellikleri vardır. Ancak, alüminyum ve kompozit saksıların hava koşullarına karşı dirençli olduğu görülürken, birçok pişmiş toprak ve beton saksının yapılarındaki kireç ve mineral tuzlar nedeniyle yaşlanmaya bağlı olarak lekelendiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, pişmiş toprak, beton, plastik ve alüminyum-ahşap kaplar, muhtemelen ağırlıkları ve nakliye zorlukları nedeniyle fiziksel hasara karşı hassas görünmektedir. Birçok varyasyonun yanı sıra, çalışma boyunca sadece tek bir boyutta ahşap bazlı saksı (dikdörtgen) ve tek tip ahşap çerçeveli kafes gözlemlendi ve bunların hepsi rustik bir görünüme sahipti. Sürdürülebilirliğin gerçekleştirilebilmesi için saksıların belirli direnç özelliklerine sahip olması gerekir; yaşlanmaya, sıcaklık değişimlerine, ultraviyole radyasyonlara (doğal renk stabilitesi), korozyona ve hem normal kullanım hem de vandalizm durumunda aşınmaya karşı direnç. Bu anlamda, ahşap bazlı konteynerlerin çalışma alanında mevcut haliyle uygun bulunmadığını ve ahşap bir kutu olarak kullanılmasının daha iyi olabileceğini belirtmek önemlidir. Bazı büyük saksılarda (örn. beton, alüminyum, ahşap, ahşap-alüminyum ve kompozit) sadece bir tür kafesin kullanıldığı görülmüştür ve bu kafes, esintiyi yakalayabilen ve hareket katabilen uzun bitkiler ve sarmaşıklar için çok kullanışlıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Saksı bitkileri, saksı, bitki kabı, pişmiş toprak, beton, plastik.

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON PLANT CONTAINERS USED IN URBAN OPEN SPACES: A CASE STUDY OF ISPARTA -TURKIYE

Öz

The type, size and shape of plants and containers must be carefully overviewed by urban designers. In Isparta city center, seven main types of planters were observed, even some have further subdivisions. These are; concrete-, wood-, plastic-, composite- (wood-plastic), metal- (aluminum), terracotta- and aluminum-wood combined planters. Each type of those has its own aesthetic and functional properties. However, aluminum and composite planters appeared to have resistance to weathering conditions, while many terracotta and concrete planters were found to be stained due to aging, because of lime and mineral salts in their structure. Moreover, terracotta, concrete, plastic and aluminum-wood containers appeared to be sensitive to physical damage, probably due to their weights and transportation difficulties. Besides many variations, only one sized wood-based planter (rectangular) and one type of wood framed trellis were observed throughout the study, which all looked rustic in appearance. In order to carry out sustainability, planters must have certain resistance characteristics; resistance to ageing, temperature variations, ultra violet radiations (natural colour stability), corrosion and wear, both in the case of normal usage and vandalism. In this sense, it is important to note that wood-based containers are not found to be suitable in the present form in the study area, which may be better to utilize as a wooden box. Only one type of trellis has been found to be used in some large planters (e.g., concrete, aluminum, wood, wood-aluminum and composite) and which is very useful for tall plants and vines which can catch the breeze and add movement.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Potting plants, planter, plant container, terracotta, concrete, plastic

Kaynakça

• Francis, M. (1987). Urban Open Spaces. Advances in Environment, Behavior, and Design, E. H. Zube and G. T. Moore (Editors), Plenum press, NY.pp. 71–106
• Francis, M. (2001). A case study method for landscape architecture. Landscape journal, 20(1), 15-29
• Francis, M. (2003). Urban Open Space: Designing for User Needs. Land and Community Design Case Study Series. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
• Cooper-Marcus, C. & Wischemann, T. (1987). Outdoor spaces for living and learning. Landscape Architecture, 78: 54–61.
• Turgut, H., Atabeyoğlu, Ö., Yılmaz, H. & Irmak, M.A. (2012). Evaluating different planting design compositions for visual landscape quality in street planting. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 49-66.
• Johnston, J. & J. Newton. (1996). Building green. A guide for plants on roofs, walls and pavements. The London Ecol. Unit, London
• Clemente, O., Ewing, R., Handy, S. & Brownson, R. (2005). Measuring urban design qualities—an illustrated field manual, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, N.J.
• Carr, S., Francis, M., Rivlin, N. & Stone, A. (1992). Public Space. Cambridge University Pres, NY, 420p.
• Knox, G. W. (2008). Container gardens for outdoor spaces. EDIS, 2008(2), University of Florida, IFAS extension.
• Kavanagh, J. (1998). Outdoor space and adaptive gardening: Design, techniques, and tools. In S. P. Simson & M. C. Straus (Eds.), Horticulture as therapy: Principles and practice. NY: The Food Products Press/The Haworth Press, Inc.
• Lee, M. S., Lee, J., Park, B. J., & Miyazaki, Y. (2015). Interaction with indoor plants may reduce psychological and physiological stress by suppressing autonomic nervous system activity in young adults: a randomized crossover study. Journal of physiological anthropology, 34(1), 1-6.
• Luna, T., Landis, T. & Dumroese, R. K. (2009). 6: Containers, In: Nursery manual for native plants a guide for tribal nurseries. Dumroese, R. Kasten; Luna, Tara; Landis, Thomas D (Editors), Agriculture Handbook 730, USDA Forest Service, Washington. D.C. pp. 99-111.
• Scarfone, S. C. (1996). Design of outdoor environments for wellness and the role of landscape architecture. Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, 8, 68-71.
• Dascălu, D. M. (2011). Landscape effects of urban furniture textures. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 68(1): 324-331.
• Woolley, H. (2003). Urban Open Spaces. Spon Press, London Taylor & Francis.
• Marcus, C.C. & Francis. C. (1998). People places: design guidelines for urban open space (2nd ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
• Langergraber, G., Castellar, J. A., Pucher, B., Baganz, G. F., Milosevic, D., Andreucci, M. B. & Atanasova, N. (2021). A framework for addressing circularity challenges in cities with nature-based solutions. Water, 13(17), 2355.
• Dijkstra, K., Pieterse, M. E., & Pruyn, A. (2008). Stress-reducing effects of indoor plants in the built healthcare environment: The mediating role of perceived attractiveness. Preventive medicine, 47(3), 279-283.
• Tarran, J., Torpy, F. & Burchett, M. (2007). Use of living pot-plants to cleanse indoor air–research review. In Proceedings Of 6 th Internat. Conf. On Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation & Energy Conservation, -Sustainable Built Environment, 249-256.
• Wood, R. A., Burchett, M. D., Alquezar, R., Orwell, R. L., Tarran, J. & Torpy, F. (2006). The potted-plant microcosm substantially reduces indoor air VOC pollution: I. Office field-study. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 175(1), 163-180.
• Orwell, R. L., Wood, R. A., Burchett, M. D., Tarran, J. & Torpy, F. (2006). The potted-plant microcosm substantially reduces indoor air VOC pollution: II. Laboratory study. Water, air, and soil pollution, 177(1), 59-80.
• Burchett, M., Torpy, F., Brennan, J. & Craig, A. (2010). Greening the great indoors for human health and wellbeing. Sydney: Plants and Indoor Environmental Quality Group, Centre for Environmental Sustainability (CEnS).
• Wolverton, B.C., Johonson, A. & Bounds, K. (1989). A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement, Technical Memorandum, Nasa Stennis Space Center, MS. 27p.
• Schweitzer, M., Gilpin, L. & Frampton, S. (2004). Healing spaces: elements of environmental design that make an impact on health. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 10(Supplement 1), S-71.
• Sade, H., Meriga, B., Surapu, V., Gadi, J., Sunita, M. S. L., Suravajhala, P., & Kavi Kishor, P. B. (2016). Toxicity and tolerance of aluminum in plants: tailoring plants to suit to acid soils. Biometals, 29(2), 187-210.