Aerobic-exercise training effects on immunological markers in individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Uganda

Yıl 2024, , 101 - 109, 30.06.2024

Mwebaze Nicholas , Constance Adron Nakayiza Nsibambi Edward Ojuka Mshilla Maghanga

https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1474119

Öz

There is critical relevance in understanding the multidisciplinary management of HIV/AIDs among individuals obtaining health services in Uganda. The purpose of the study was therefore to assess the effects of aerobic exercise training on immunological markers as a clinical outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive clients attending a chronic HIV clinic at a General Military Hospital-Bombo. A pre-post experimental design was used to understand differences between the experimental and control groups. Participants were Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive clients who had been on treatment that is, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for at least 12 months. They were randomly assigned to either a control group (Group 1): who did not participate in the aerobic exercise, or an experimental group (Group 2): where a 12-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise, for not less than 3 times a week, and for at least 45 minutes per session was administered. Both groups were assessed using a physical activity readiness questionnaire. Thereafter, assessment of the clinical outcomes that is, immunological measures using Clusters of differentiation 4 were assessed. While the experimental group participated in the exercise, the control group members were followed up during the 12 weeks to ensure that they remained in the study. After the 12 weeks post-test was done. The findings of this study revealed that aerobic exercises significantly increased Clusters of differentiation 4 count in both males and females by 29.7% on average (p<0.001). Aerobic exercise is therefore likely to increase quality of life, reduce mobility and mortality rates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive clients on Highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aerobic exercises, antiretroviral therapy, clusters of differentiation 4 count, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency virus, positive clients, Uganda

Etik Beyan

This is to confirm the the manuscript submitted was from the authors original research work and it was the first of its kind in Uganda

Destekleyen Kurum

Kyambogo University Uganda

Proje Numarası

NO 1

Teşekkür

I will be grateful if the manuscript is accepted to promote publication in this part of the world

Kaynakça

• Asogwa, E. I., Abonyi, O. S., Elom, C. O., Oduma, C. A., Umoke, C. C., Ogai, N. A., Uwaleke, C. C., & Nwimo, I. O. (2022). Comparative effects of 6-weeks progressive resistance exercise and moderate intensity aerobic exercise on CD4 count and weights of people living with HIV/AIDS in Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Ebonyi State. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(2), e28468.
• Bailes, E., Chaudhuri, R.R., Santiago, M.L., Bibollet-Ruche, F., Hahn, B.H., Sharp, P.M. (2002). The Evolution of Primate Lentiviruses and the Origins of AIDS. In: Leitner, T. (eds) The Molecular Epidemiology of Human Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA.
• Bopp, C. M., Phillips, K. D., Fulk, L. J., & Hand, G. A. (2003). Clinical implications of therapeutic exercise in HIV/AIDS. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 14(1), 73–78.
• Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065–2079.
• Dang, A. K., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, A. Q., Tran, B. X., Tran, T. T., Latkin, C. A., Zhang, M. W. B., & Ho, R. C. M. (2018). Physical activity among HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Hanoi and Nam Dinh, Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 8(5), e020688.
• da Silveira, M. P., da Silva Fagundes, K. K., Bizuti, M. R., Starck, É., Rossi, R. C., & de Resende E Silva, D. T. (2021). Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med, 21(1), 15–28.
• Dianatinasab, M., Fararouei, M., Padehban, V., Dianatinasab, A., Alimohamadi, Y., Beheshti, S., AminiLari, Z., & AminiLari, M. (2018). The effect of a 12-week combinational exercise program on CD4 count and mental health among HIV infected women: A randomized control trial. J Exerc Sci Fit, 16(1), 21-25.
• Estrada, E., Ferrer, E., & Pardo, A. (2019). Statistics for evaluating pre-post change: Relation between change in the distribution center and change in the individual scores. Front Psychol, 9, 2696.
• Ezema, C. I., Onwunali, A. A., Lamina, S., Ezugwu, U. A., Amaeze, A. A., & Nwankwo, M. J. (2014). Effect of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular parameters and CD4 cell count of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Niger J Clin Pract, 17(5), 543-548.
• Harris, A. D., McGregor, J. C., Perencevich, E. N., Furuno, J. P., Zhu, J., Peterson, D. E., & Finkelstein, J. (2006). The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. J Am Med Inform Assoc, 13(1), 16-23.
• Heissel, A., Zech, P., Rapp, M. A., Schuch, F. B., Lawrence, J. B., Kangas, M., & Heinzel, S. (2019). Effects of exercise on depression and anxiety in persons living with HIV: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res, 126, 109823.
• Ibeneme, S. C., Uwakwe, V. C., Myezwa, H., Irem, F. O., Ezenwankwo, F. E., Ajidahun, T. A., Ezuma, A. D., Okonkwo, U. P., & Fortwengel, G. (2022). Impact of exercise training on symptoms of depression, physical activity level and social participation in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis, 22(1), 469.
• Lu, L., Wang, J., Yang, Q., Xie, X., & Huang, Y. (2021). The role of CD38 in HIV infection. AIDS Res Ther, 18(1), 11.
• Maduagwu, S. M., Gashau, W., Balami, A., Kaidal, A., Oyeyemi, A. Y., Danue, B. A., Umeonwuka, C. I., & Akanbi, O. A. (2017). Aerobic Exercise Improves Quality of Life and CD4 Cell Counts in HIV Seropositives in Nigeria. J Hum Virol Retrovirol, 5(3), 00151.
• McIntyre, K. M., Puterman, E., Scodes, J. M., Choo, T. H., Choi, C. J., Pavlicova, M., & Sloan, R. P. (2020). The effects of aerobic training on subclinical negative affect: A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychology, 39(4), 255.
• Meyer, V. M., Benjamens, S., El Moumni, M., Lange, J. F., & Pol, R. A. (2022). Global overview of response rates in patient and health care professional surveys in surgery: A systematic review. Ann Surg, 275(1), e75–e81.
• Nieman, D. C., & Wentz, L. M. (2019). The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system. J Sport Health Sci, 8(3), 201-217.
• Nosrat, S., Whitworth, J. W., Dunsiger, S. I., SantaBarbara, N. J., & Ciccolo, J. T. (2017). Acute effects of resistance exercise in a depressed HIV sample: The exercise for people who are immunocompromised (EPIC) study. Ment Health Phys Act, 12, 2-9.
• Nystoriak, M. A., & Bhatnagar, A. (2018). Cardiovascular effects and benefits of exercise. Front Cardiovasc Med, 5, 135.
• O’Brien, K. K., Tynan, A. M., Nixon, S. A., & Glazier, R. H. (2016). Effectiveness of aerobic exercise for adults living with HIV: Systematic review and meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. BMC Infect Dis, 16, 182.
• Odiya, J. N. (2009). Scholarly writing: Research proposals and reports in APA or MLA publication style. Kampala: Makerere University.
• Okechukwu, C. E., Masala, D., D'Ettorre, G., & LA TORRE, G. (2022). Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise as an adjunct intervention to improve sleep quality among rotating shift nurses. La Clinica Terapeutica, 173(2), 184-186.
• Okoroiwu, H. U., Umoh, E. A., Asanga, E. E., Edet, U. O., Atim-Ebim, M. R., Tangban, E. A., ... & Povedano-Montero, F. J. (2022). Thirty-five years (1986–2021) of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: bibliometric and scoping analysis. AIDS Research and Therapy, 19(1), 64.
• Pettee, K. K., Brach, J. S., Kriska, A. M., Boudreau, R., Richardson, C. R., Colbert, L. H., Satterfield, S., Visser, M., Harris, T. B., Ayonayon, H. N., & Newman, A. B. (2006). Influence of marital status on physical activity levels among older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 38(3), 541-546.
• Pham, M. D., Agius, P. A., Romero, L., McGlynn, P., Anderson, D., Crowe, S. M., & Luchters, S. (2016). Performance of point-of-care CD4 testing technologies in resource-constrained settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis, 16, 1-17.
• Maduagwu, S. M., Gashau, W., Balami, A., Kaidal, A., Oyeyemi, A. Y., Danue, B. A., Umeonwuka, C. I., & Akanbi, O. A. (2017) Aerobic exercise improves quality of life and CD4 cell counts in HIV seropositives in Nigeria. J Hum Virol Retrovirol, 5(3), 00151.
• Sujianto, U. (2021). Turnitin: Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Depression and CD4 Counts in People Living with HIV.
• UNAIDS (2020). Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2020 fact sheet
• UNAIDS (2022). Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2022 fact sheet
• UNAIDS, Global HIV statistics (2023) fact sheet; July 2023.
• United States Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (2022). https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/ 09/Uganda-COP22-Approval-Memo_.pdf
• Vajpayee, M., & Mohan, T. (2011). Current practices in laboratory monitoring of HIV infection. Indian J Med Res, 134(6), 801-822.
• Velavan, T. P., Meyer, C. G., Esen, M., Kremsner, P. G., & Ntoumi, F. (2021). COVID-19 and syndemic challenges in ‘Battling the Big Three’: HIV, TB and malaria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 106, 29-32.
• Vithalani, J., & Herreros-Villanueva, M. (2018). HIV Epidemiology in Uganda: survey based on age, gender, number of sexual partners and frequency of testing. Afr Health Sci, 18(3), 523–530.
• Zeller, J. M., McCain, N. L., & Swanson, B. (1996). Immunological and virological markers of HIV-disease progression. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 7(1), 15-27.