Olympic lifting vs. traditional lifting methods for North American high school football players

Yıl 2018, , 91 - 100, 20.09.2018

Matt Roberts Mark Debeliso

https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.439870

Cited By: 2

Öz

A stronger emphasis has been placed on increasing strength, power, size, and speed for today’s football player. The key to obtaining these abilities and skills are accomplished in the weight room. There are various types of lifting methods when it comes to resistance training (RT) for football. Two types of lifting styles that are often used for high school football weight training programs are the traditional lifting or core training programs and Olympic style lifting. It is thought that Olympic lifts help to increase power, which is something that can be transferred onto the playing field and help improve overall performance. This study compared two different styles of RT (traditional vs. Olympic) in North American High School football athletes in order to determine if one RT protocol was superior at improving measures of speed, strength, and power. Forty male, high school football players ranging from 14 to 18 years old participated in an eight week, off-season, early morning football resistance training program. Each participant was randomly selected into either the traditional resistance protocol (TR: n = 20) or Four Quarters protocol (FQ: n = 20) experimental groups. The players each had the same weight lifting/conditioning routine, however, twice a week the FQ group performed an Olympic lift variation and the TR group performed a dead lift. Pre- and post-assessment scores were obtained and compared in the 1-RM squat, 1-RM power clean, vertical jump (VJ) and 9.14 meter sprint. Pre- post- scores were compared with in each group with a dependent t-test. A gain score was also calculated for each dependent variable (post-pre score) and compared between the experimental groups with an independent t-tests (p≤0.05). Both groups made improvements in pre to post assessments in the 1-RM squat, 1-RM power clean, and VJ (p<0.05). The gain scores for the 1-RM squat, 1-RM power clean were significantly greater for the FQ group (p<0.05). Neither group improved 9.14 meter sprint times (p>0.05). The results of this study are consistent with those found in previous literature demonstrating that increases in both the 1-RM squat and 1-RM power clean are better achieved using an Olympic lift variations when compared to using a traditional lifting method. Resistance training programs for athletes are designed with the goal of improving physical performance on the field of play. The results of this study suggest that improvements in muscular strength and power as measured by the 1-RM squat and 1-RM power clean are best achieved with a RT protocol that includes the Olympic lift variation of the power clean.

Anahtar Kelimeler

High school athletes, Olympic lifting, power, strength, traditional lifting

Kaynakça

• Arnheim DD, Prentice WE. Principles of Athletic Training (10th ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw Hill, 2000.
• Behringer M, vom Heede A, Yue Z, Mester J. Effects of resistance training in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 2010; 126(5): e1199-1210.
• Brown LE, Weir JP. ASEP procedures recommendation I: Accurate assessment of muscular strength and power. JEP Online, 2001; 4(3): 1-21.
• Bruce-Low S, Smith D. Explosive exercises in sports training: A critical review. JEP Online, 2007; 10(1): 21-33.
• Burger T, Boyer-Kendrick T, Dolny D. Complex training compared to a combined weight training and plyometric training program. J Strength Cond Res, 2000; 14(3): 360.
• Chaouachi A, Hammami R, Kaabi S, Chamari K, Drinkwater EJ, Behm DG. Olympic weightlifting and plyometric training with children provides similar or greater performance improvements than traditional resistance training. J Strength Cond Res, 2013; 28(6): 1483-1496.
• Channell BT, Barfield JP. Effect of Olympic and traditional resistance training on vertical jump improvement in high school boys. J Strength Cond Res, 2008; 22(5): 1522-1527.
• Cormie P, McBride JM, McCaulley GO. Validation of power measurement techniques in dynamic lower body resistance exercises. J Appl Biomech, 2007; 23(2): 103-118.
• Dahab KS, McCambridge TM. Strength training in children and adolescents: raising the bar for young athletes? Sports Health, 2009; 1(3): 223-226.
• Ebben WP, Blackard DO. Complex training with combined explosive weight training and plyometric exercises. Olympic Coach, 1997; 7(4): 11-12.
• Enoka RM. Neuromechanics of Human Movement (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2002.
• Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Keiper FB, Tevlin W, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Hoffman JR. Effects of a short-term plyometric and resistance training program on fitness performance in boys age 12 to 15 years. J Sport Sci Med, 2007; 6: 519-525.
• Faigenbaum AD, Kraemer WJ, Cahill B, Chandler J, Dziados J, Elfrink LD, Forman E, Gaudiose M, Micheli L, Nitka M, Roberts S. Youth resistance training: Position statement paper and literature review. Strength Cond J, 1996; 18(6): 62-75.
• Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Keiper FB, Tevlin W, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Falk B, Tenenbaum G. The effectiveness of resistance training in children. A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 1996; 22(3): 176-186.
• Fore C. Building Championship-Caliber Football Programs: Inside the Locker Rooms and Minds of State Champion Head Football Coaches. Monterey, CA: Coaches Choice, 2013.
• Frounfelter G. Triple extension: the key to athletic power. NSCA’s Performance Training Journal, 2009; 8(1): 14-15.
• Garhammer J. A review of power output studies of Olympic and powerlifting: methodology, performance prediction, and evaluation tests. J Strength Cond Res, 1993; 7(2): 76-89.
• Greenberg N. Von Miller is going to get paid after Super Bowl 50 win. The Washington Post, February 8, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fancy-stats/wp/2016/02/08/von-miller-is-going-to-get-paid-after-super-bowl-50-win/?utm_term=.ec524d44ea79
• Hackett D, Davies T, Soomro N, Halaki M. Olympic weightlifting training improves vertical jump height in sportspeople: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med, 2016; 50(14): 865-872.
• Haff GC, Whitley A, Potteiger JA. A brief review: Explosive exercises in sports performance. Strength Cond J, 2001; 23(3): 13-20.
• Harbili E, Alptekin A. Comparative kinematic analysis of the snatch lifts in elite male adolescent weightlifters. J Sport Sci Med, 2014; 13: 417-422.
• Hendrick A, Wada H. Weightlifting movements: do the benefits outweigh the risks? Strength Cond J, 2008; 30(6): 26-35.
• Hoffman JR. Effects of a short-term plyometric and resistance training program on fitness performance on boys age 12-15 years. J Sport Sci Med, 2007; 6, 519-525.
• Hoffman JR, Cooper J, Wendell M, Kang J. Comparison of Olympic vs. traditional power lifting training programs in football players. J Strength Cond Res, 2004; 18(1): 129-135.
• McBride JM, Triplett-McBride T, Davie A, Newton RU. A comparison of strength and power characteristics between power lifters, Olympic lifters, and sprinters. J Strength Cond Res, 1999; 13(1): 58-66.
• Nikolenko M, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Spiering BA, Tran TT. Relationship between core power and measures of sport performance. Kinesiology, 2011; 43(2): 163-168.
• Patra K. Broncos LB Von Miller named Super Bowl 50 MVP. February 7, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.nfl.com./news/story/0ap3000000634374/article/broncos-lb-von-miller-named-super-bowl-50-mvp
• Payne VG, Morrow JJR, Johnson L, Dalton SN. Resistance training in children and youth: a meta-analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1997; 68(1): 80-88.
• Peterson MD, Alvar BA, Rhea MR. The contribution of maximal force production to explosive movement among young collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 2006; 20(4): 867-873.
• Sanders C, Sevene T, Adams KJ, DeBeliso M. A pilot comparison of the hang clean and hang snatch to the clean pull and snatch pull. J Athl Enhanc, 2017; 6: 5. doi: 10.4172/2324-9080.1000269
• Sierer S, Battaglini CL, Mihalik JP, Shields EW, Tomasini NT. The national football league combine: Performance differences between drafted and non-drafted players entering the 2004 and 2005 drafts. J Strength Cond Res, 2008; 22(1): 6-12.
• Small EW, McCambridge TM, Benjamin HJ, Bernhardt DT, Brenner JS, Cappetta CT, Congeni JA, Gregory AJM, Griesemer BA, Reed FE, Rice SG. Strength training by children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 2008; 121(4): 835-840.
• Springall B, Larson A, DeBeliso M. The effects of a heavy resistance warm-up on sprint speed: A post activation potentiation study. Journal of Physical Education Research, 2016; 3(3): 52-65.
• Suchomel T, Comfort P, Stone M. Weightlifting pulling derivatives: rationale for implementation and application. Sports Med, 2015; 45(6): 823-839.
• Thompson T, Berning J, Harris C, Adams KJ, DeBeliso M. The effects of complex training in male high school athletes on the back squat and vertical jump. International Journal of Sports Science, 2017; 7(2): 50-55.
• Tricoli V, Lamas L, Carnevale R, Ugrinowitsch C. Short-term effects on lower-body functional power development: Weightlifting vs. vertical jump training programs. J Strength Cond Res, 2005; 19(2): 433-437.
• Warning JT, Pfeiffer KA, Vorkapich M, Diltz A, Pivarnik JM. Efficacy of two resistance training modes in adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2016; 28: 34.
• Weaver EK, DeBeliso M. Survey of Utah high school football strength and conditioning coaches. Journal of Sports Science, 2015; 3: 117-126.