The analysis of the relationship between respiratory functions and body compositions of alpine discipline and cross-country skiing athletes

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 34 - 40, 25.03.2024

Buket Sevindik Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1412306

Öz

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between respiratory functions and body compositions of elite athletes in alpine disciplines and cross-country skiing through their comparison. The study included 32 male athletes (age: 18.3±2 year, height: 172.1±6.05 cm, body weight: 65.73±10.79 kg, and body mass index (BMI): 22.91±2.80 kg/m2) within the scope of alpine disciplines and cross-country skiing. The heights of the athletes were measured with a stadiometer (Holtain, UK) with an accuracy of ±1mm. The weights of the athletes and BMI values were measured using a Tanita brand (BC, 418 Tanita, Japan) body composition analyzer with a precision of 100 grams. The respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength of the athletes were evaluated using a digital spirometer (Pony FX Cosmed, Italy). Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between respiratory functions and anthropometric structures of the groups. The results indicated that cross-country skiing athletes had higher averages in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, MIP, MVV, and MEP parameters compared to alpine discipline athletes, with only the MIP value being higher in alpine discipline athletes. The results revealed positive correlations between age and FVC (0.563), FEV1 (0.521), PEF (0.679), and MVV (0.511) in cross-country skiing athletes. Negative correlations were found between body weight and FEV1/FVC (r=0.578), FEV1/FVC (r=0.545), height and MVV (r=0.541), and body mass index and FEV1/FVC (r=0.541), FEV1/FVC (r=0.676) in cross-country skiing and alpine discipline athletes, respectively (p<0.05). The study revealed no significant relationship in other variables (p>0.05). In order to achieve maximum performance, it is very important to identify and keep under control the factors affecting respiratory functions. The current study demonstrated that the characteristics of the sport have an impact on physiological changes in the respiratory system and also affect body compositions and respiratory functions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alpine discipline, body composition, cross-country skiing, respiratory function test

Kaynakça

• Akınoğlu, B., Kocahan, T. & Özkan, T. (2019). The relationship between peripheral muscle strength and respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength in athletes. J Exerc Rehabil, 15, 44–49.
• Amann, M. (2012). Pulmonary system limitations to endurance exercise performance in humans. Exp Physiol, 97, 311-318.
• Arslan, B. & Melekoğlu, T. (2019). Relationship between aerobic performance and respiration. Sportive Outlook: Journal of Sports and Educational Sciences, 6, 19-28.
• Bamne, S. N. (2017). Comparative study of pulmonary functions in swimmers and badminton players of Indore city. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 7, 999.
• Belda, J., Ricart, S., Casan, P., Giner, J., Bellido-Casado, J., Torrejon, M., Margarit, G. & Drobnic, F. (2008). Airway inflammation in the elite athlete and type of sport. Br J Sports Med, 42, 244-248.
• Bhatti, U., Rani, K. & Memon, M. Q. (2014). Variation in lung volumes and capacities among young males in relation to height. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 26, 200-202.
• Carten, C. (2007). The relationship between anthropometry and respiratory muscle function in land-and water-based athletes. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University.
• Cheng, Y., Macera, C., Addy, C., Sy, F., Wieland, D. & Blair, S. N. (2003). Effects of physical activity on exercise tests and respiratory function. Br J Sports Med, 37, 521-528.
• Doherty, M. & Dimitriou, L. (1997). Comparison of lung volume in Greek swimmers, land based athletes, and sedentary controls using allometric scaling. Br J Sports Med, 31, 337-341.
• Durmic, T., Lazovic, B., Djelic, M., Lazic, J. S., Zikic, D., Zugıc, V., Dekleva, M. & Mazıc, S. (2015). Sport-specific influences on respiratory patterns in elite athletes. J Bras Pneumol, 41, 516-522.
• Fox, E. L., Bowers, R. W. & Foss, M. L. (1993). The physiological basis for exercise and sport. 5th Edition, New York: Brown & Benchmark.
• Galanis, N., Farmakiotis, D., Kouraki, K. & Fachadidou, A. (2006). Forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate values in non-professional male tennis players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 46(1), 128-131.
• Giatsis, G., Kollias, I., Panoutsakopoulos, V. & Papaiakovou, G. (2004). Volleyball: Biomechanical differences in elite beach‐volleyball players in vertical squat jump on rigid and sand surface. Sports Biomech, 3, 145-158.
• Johari, H. M., Zainudin, H. A., Knight, V. F., Lumley, S. A., Subramanium, A. S., Caszo, B. A. & Gnanou, J. V. (2016). Effect of gender specific anthropometric characteristics on lung function in young competitive triathletes from Malaysia. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 57, 396-401.
• Karaduman, E. (2020). The relationship between respiratory functions and respiratory muscle strength of athletes in different branches. Master's Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Health Sciences Institute, Samsun, Türkiye.
• Kroff, J. & Terblanche, E. (2010). The kinanthropometric and pulmonary determinants of global respiratory muscle strength and endurance indices in an athletic population. Eur J Appl Physiol, 110, 49-55.
• Lazovic, B., Mazic, S., Suzic-Lazic, J., Djelic, M., Djordjevic-Saranovic, S., Durmic, T., Zikic, D. & Zugic, V. (2015). Respiratory adaptations in different types of sport. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 19(12), 2269-2274.
• Macauley, D., Mccrum, E., Evans, A., Stott, G., Boreham, C. & Trinick, T. (1999). Physical activity, physical fitness and respiratory function exercise and respiratory function. Ir J Med Sci, 168, 119-123.
• Marsland, F., Lyons, K., Anson, J., Waddington, G., Macintosh, C. & Chapman, D. (2012). Identification of cross-country skiing movement patterns using micro-sensors. Sensors, 12, 5047-5066.
• Mazic, S., Lazovic, B., Djelic, M., Suzic-Lazic, J., Djordjevic-Saranovic, S., Durmic, T., Soldatovic, I., Zikic, D., Gluvic, Z. & Zugic, V. (2015). Respiratory parameters in elite athletes–does sport have an influence? Rev Port Pneumol (English Edition), 21, 192-197.
• Miller, M. (2008). How to interpret spirometry. Breathe, 4, 259-261.
• Miller, M. R., Hankinson, J., Brusasco, V., Burgos, F., Casaburi, R., Coates, A., Crapo, R., Enright, P., Van Der Grinten, C. & Gustafsson, P. (2005). Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J, 26, 319-338.
• Neogi, A., Chakraborty, C., Chatterjee, S. & Dey, S. K. (2018). Anthropometric profiles and pulmonary function parameters of male Football & Hockey players according to their specific playing position: A Comparative Study. Int J Appl Exerc Physiol, 7, 10-23.
• Neumayr, G., Hoertnagl, H., Pfister, R., Koller, A., Eibl, G. & Raas, E. (2003). Physical and physiological factors associated with success in professional alpine skiing. Int J Sports Med, 24, 571-575.
• Nourry, C., Deruelle, F., Guinhouya, C., Baquet, G., Fabre, C., Bart, F., Berthoin, S. & Mucci, P. (2005). High-intensity intermittent running training improves pulmonary function and alters exercise breathing pattern in children. Eur J Appl Physiol, 94, 415-423.
• Oke, K. I. & Agwubike, E. O. (2015). Body composition and pulmonary functional correlates in Nigerian male amateur boxers. Medicina Sportivâ, 11(2), 2563-2568.
• Quanjer, P. H., Stanojevic, S., Cole, T. J., Baur, X., Hall, G. L., Culver, B. H., Enright, P. L., Hankinson, J. L., Ip, M. S. & Zheng, J. (2012). Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3–95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J. 40(6), 1324-1343.
• Santana, H., Zoico, E., Turcato, E., Tosoni, P., Bissoli, L., Olivieri, M., Bosello, O. & Zamboni, M. (2001). Relation between body composition, fat distribution, and lung function in elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr, 73, 827-831.
• Santos, M. R. C., Pinto, M., Sant’anna, C. C. & Bernhoeft, M. (2011). Maximal respiratory pressures among adolescent swimmers. Rev Port Pneumol, 17, 66-70.
• Silapabanleng, S. & Buranapuntalug, S. (2018). The effect of inspiratory and expiratory muscle warm-up on rowing performance in youth rowers. Science & Technology Asia, 37-45.
• Stanojevic, S., Wade, A., Stocks, J., Hankinson, J., Coates, A. L., Pan, H., Rosenthal, M., Corey, M., Lebecque, P. & Cole, T. J. (2008). Reference ranges for spirometry across all ages: a new approach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 177, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200708-1248OC
• Szmedra, L., Im, J., Nioka, S., Chance, B. & Rundell, K. W. (2001). Hemoglobin/myoglobin oxygen desaturation during Alpine skiing. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, 232-236.
• Triki, M., Rebai, H., Shamssain, M., Masmoudi, K., Fellmann, N., Zouari, H., Zouari, N. & Tabka, Z. (2013). Comparative study of aerobic performance between football and judo groups in prepubertal boys. Asian J Sports Med, 4, 165.
• White, A. T. & Johnson, S. C. (1993). Physiological aspects and injury in elite Alpine skiers. Sports Med (Auckland, NZ), 15, 170-178.