XORАZM BАXSHICHILIK АN’АNАLАRINING TАRАQQIYOT DАVRI

Yıl 2022, , 193 - 199, 20.06.2022

Nasiba Sabirova

https://doi.org/10.30563/turklad.1069020

Öz

Ushbu maqolada baxshichilik sanʼatining soʼnggi taraqqiyoti haqida soʼz yuritiladi. Shuningdek, Xorazmda tarqalgan parixon-poʼrxonlar ham shomonlarning bir koʼrinishi ekanligi, shomonlik esa baxshichilik sanʼatining shakllanishida dastlabki bosqichlardan hisoblanishi, soz va soʼz ustasi boʼlgan baxshilarda dastlab, tabiblik, afsungarlik kasblari ham sintezlashgani, hatto Ergash Jumanbulbul oʼgʼli ham “qoʼshkochlik” vazifasini bajargani haqidu (a) maʼlumotlar berilgan. Jumladan, maqolada А. N. Samoylovichning tadqiqotlarida Xorazm baxshilarining kitobiy dostonlar kuylaganliklarini, dutor, bulamon chalganliklarini hikoya qilganligini alohida taʼkidlanadi. Xorazmda ham shomon, oʼzon, baxshi soʼzlari ishlatilib kelingan va hozirda baxshi atamasi keng ommalashgan. Baxshichilik shaxsining ilohiylashtirilishi ularning yuksak xotirasi va soz, soʼz sohibi ekanligi bilan aloqadordir. Ushbu kasb egalarining doʼmbira joʼrligida doston kuylashlari X-XI asrlar bilan aloqador degan fikrlar mavjud. Bu hodisa ancha qadimiy boʼlishi ham mumkin. Qadimgi xorazm qalʼalaridagi “Аrfachi ayol xonasi”dagi rasmlar bunga asos boʼlishi mumkin. Xorazmda dastlabki baxshi va baxshilar piri hisoblangan tarixiy shaxs (1115-1191) Oshiq Oydin (Oshugʼiddin Umar Suxravardiy) boʼlib, u hozirda ham baxshilarning homiysi hisoblanadi. Uning shaxsi ham ilohiylashtirilgan. Tarixiy manbalarga koʼra Oshiq Oydin soz va soʼz ustasi va ayni paytda davlat arbobi boʼlgan. Musiqa toʼgʼrisida risola ham bitgan. Uning xorazmshohlar hukmronligi davrida yashaganini hisobga olsak, oʼsha davrlarda baxshichilik sanʼatining rivojlangan davri boʼlganligini anglab olish mumkin boʼladi. Oshiq Oydin pirdan keyin turkiy olamda dong taratgan oʼzon, shomon, baxshi Qoʼrqut otadir. XIX asr va XX asr boshlari Xorazm baxshichilik sanʼatining eng gullagan davri ekanligi aytib oʼtilgan.

Anahtar Kelimeler

baxshi, Xorazm baxshichilik sanʼati, Oshiq Oydin Pir, baxshilar homiysi, kitobiy dostonlar

The Period of Development of Khorezm Minstrel Traditions

Öz

This article discusses the latest developments in the art of minstrel. It is also known that the parishioners in Khorezm were a form of shamanism and shamanism was one of the earliest stages in the formation of the art of bakhshi. In particular, the article emphasizes that in the researches of A. N. Samoilovich the Khorezm bakhshis sang book epics, played the dutar, bulamon. The deification of the bakhshi people is due to their high memory and the fact that they have a word. It is believed that the recitation of epics by drummers dates back to the 10th and 11th centuries. This phenomenon may be more ancient. The first person in Khorezm to be considered a bakhshi and a pir of bakhshis (1115-1191) was Oshiq Aydin (Oshugiddin Umar Sukhravardi), who is still the patron saint of bakhshis. His personality is also deified. According to historical sources, Oshik Aydin was a master of words and phrases and at the same time a statesman. He also wrote a pamphlet on music. Considering that he lived during the reign of the Khorezm kings, it is possible to understand that the art of bakhshi was developed at that time. After the Aydin Pir, the person who became famous in the Turkic world as o’zon, shaman and bakhshi is Korkut Ata. It is said that the 19th and early 20th centuries were the heyday of Khorezm bakhshi art.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bakhshi, Khorezm art of bakhshi, Oshiq Aydin Pir, patron of bakhshi, book epics

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