Hyperlipidemia and Nutrition

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 72 - 82, 31.01.2019

Hande Öngün Yılmaz

Öz

Hyperlipidemia
is defined as measuring serum cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels above
normal values. Hyperlipidemia, is the leading changeable risk factors of
cardiovascular diseases, due to genetic and/or environmental causes. Research
shows that nutrition is a significant effect on lipid levels and is important
in lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. The first approach for people
with hyperlipidemia in primary care is lifestyle modification which includes
nutrition regulation, weight control, and physical activity. The total amount
of fat consumed by the diet and the fatty acids composition affects the blood
lipid profile. While high saturated fatty acids containing diets increasing
total and LDL cholesterol levels, monounsaturated fatty acids consumption
increase HDL cholesterol levels. To reduce the LDL cholesterol levels
polyunsaturated fatty acids should be preferred instead of saturated fatty
acids. Omega-3 fatty acids, reduce blood triglyceride levels by reducing the
production of LDL cholesterol. 10% of the daily energy, that is set to sustain
the ideal body weight, should be met from polyunsaturated fatty acids, 15-20%
from monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids rate is suggested to
be less than 7%. Fibre, known to be beneficial for cardiovascular diseases, is
recommended to consume 20-30g per day. A healthy diet should be rich in
vegetables and fruits, whole grain products, high fiber foods, contain fish and
very low in saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cholesterol, Diet, Hyperlipidemia, Lipid Profile, Nutrition

Hiperlipidemi ve Beslenme

Öz

Hiperlipidemi, serumda
kolesterol ve/veya trigliserit düzeylerinin normal değerlerin üzerinde
ölçülmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Genetik ve/veya çevresel nedenlerden
kaynaklanan hiperlipidemi, kardiyovasküler hastalıkların değiştirilebilir risk
faktörlerinin başında gelmektedir. Araştırmalar, beslenmenin lipid seviyeleri
üzerinde belirgin bir etkisi olduğunu ve kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini
düşürmedeki önemini göstermektedir. Hiperlipidemili
bireylere, birinci basamakta uygulanması gereken ilk yaklaşım; beslenmenin
düzenlenmesi, ağırlık kontrolü ve fiziksel aktiviteyi kapsayan yaşam tarzı
değişikliğidir. Diyetle alınan toplam yağ miktarı ve yağ asitleri
bileşimi kan lipid profilini etkilemektedir. Yüksek oranda doymuş yağ asiti
içeren bir diyetle serum kolesterol ve LDL kolesterol artarken, tekli doymamış
yağ asitlerinin alımı ile HDL kolesterol düzeyleri yükselmektedir. LDL
kolesterol düzeyinin düşürülmesi için toplam diyet yağının azaltılmasının
yanında, doymuş yağ asitleri yerine çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri tercih
edilmelidir. Çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin iki ana grubundan birini oluşturan
omega-3 yağ asitleri LDL kolesterol yapımını azaltarak kan trigliserit düzeyini
düşürmektedir. Günlük enerjinin %10’u çoklu
doymamış yağ asitlerinden, %15-20’si tekli doymamış yağ asitlerinden
karşılanmakta, doymuş yağ asitlerinden gelen oranının %7’inin altında olması
önerilmektedir. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar üzerine yararlı etkileri olduğu
bilinen diyet posasının günlük 20-30g tüketilmesi önerilmektedir. Sağlıklı bir
diyet, sebze ve meyvelerden, tam tahıl ürünlerinden ve posa içeriği yüksek olan
besinlerden zengin olmalı, balık içermeli, doymuş yağ asitleri ile trans yağ
asitlerini çok düşük oranda içermelidir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hiperlipidemi, Beslenme, Diyet, Lipid Profili, Kolesterol

Kaynakça

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