DİŞİ İNCİR (Ficus carica var. domestica) GENETİK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 42 - 61, 31.08.2023

Arzu Ayar

Öz

Türkiye’nin incir genetik kaynakları, hem ekonomik hem de kültürel yönden değerlidir. Bu zenginliğin korunması ve kuşaklar boyu aktarılması önem taşımaktadır. Ancak, diğer tarımsal ürünlerde olduğu gibi; iklim, insan faaliyetleri ve çevresel nedenlerle incirde de genetik erozyon riski bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de olduğu gibi Dünya ülkelerinde de dişi incir genetik kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için, bu kaynakların korunmasına, zenginleştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar içinde; toplama, karakterizasyon, değerlendirilme gibi konular yer almaktadır. İncir genetik kaynaklarının korunduğu yerler; botanik bahçeleri, incir arazi gen bankaları, üretici bahçeleri ya da doğal habitat olabilir. Örneğin Türkiye incir arazi gen bankasında, 354 incir genotipi muhafaza altına alınmıştır. İncir üzerine yapılan çalışmalar yeni yapılacak olan çalışmalara da kaynak oluşturması açısından çok önemli olup, pasaport, karakterizasyon bilgileri gibi konular da kayıt altına alınmaktadır. Bu makalede, Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de dişi incir biyoçeşitliliğinin korunması üzerine, yapılan çalışmalar ile ülkesel yaklaşımlar ortaya konmaya çalışılmış ve dişi incir genetik çeşitliliği üzerine şimdiye kadar yapılan güncel bazı Ar-Ge çalışmaları özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seleksiyon, Karakterizasyon, iklim, moleküler, ıslah

Female Fig (Ficus carica var. domestica) Studies on Genetic Diversity

Öz

Turkey's female fig gene resources is valuable both economically and culturally. It is important to protect this wealth and transfer it for generations. However, as in other agricultural products; there is a genetic erosion risk in figs due to climate, human activities and environmental reasons. In order to ensure the sustainability of female fig genetic resources in the world countries as in Turkey, studies are carried out for the protection and enrichment of these resources. Collection, characterization, evaluation etc. are in these studies. The places where fig genetic resources are protected; botanical gardens, fig field gene banks, producer gardens or natural habitats. For example, fig field gene bank in Turkey, 354 fig genotypes are conserved. Studies on figs are very important in terms of creating a source for new studies, and subjects such as passport and characterization information are also recorded. In this article, studies and national approaches on the protection of female fig biodiversity in the world and in Turkey have been tried to be revealed and some recent studies on female fig genetic diversity have been summarized.
Keywords: Selection, characterization, climate, molecular, breeding

Anahtar Kelimeler

Selection, characterization, climate, molecular, breeding

Kaynakça

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