Sosyal Dışlanmanın İşsizlik ve Siyasal Katılım İlişkisinin Ortaya Konulmasına Dair Bir Araştırma: Ardahan Üniversitesi İİBF Öğrencileri Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9, 148 - 172, 30.06.2022

Sibel Cengiz , Kutay Üstün , Berivan Vargün

https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1124014

Öz

Genel anlamda sosyal dışlanma; bireylerin ekonomik, sosyal, siyasal ve kültürel yaşama tam olarak katılamadığı bir durumu ve aynı zamanda bu durumu sürdüren süreç olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sosyal dışlanmanın boyutlarını; siyasal, ekonomik ve sosyal boyut altında ele almak mümkündür. Sosyal dışlanma çok boyutlu bir kavram olmasına rağmen, işsizlikle beraber toplumda daha görünür hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada gençlerin sosyal dışlanma, işsizlik, sosyo-ekonomik durum ve siyasal katılım hakkındaki görüş ve farkındalıklarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Ardahan Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi ile İktisat Bölümü dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrencilerle 2018-2019 Eğitim Öğrenim döneminde yapılan alan çalışmasında nicel araştırma yöntemi veri toplama tekniklerinden anket uygulamasına gidilmiştir. Araştırmaya 110 öğrenci katılmış olup veriler, SPSS 20.0 paket programıyla çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, işsizliğin sosyal dışlanmaya yol açtığı ve öğrencilerin işsizliğin çözümünde siyasal kurumlara güvenmedikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Bu sonuca ilaveten öğrencilerin işsizlik nedeniyle karşılaşacakları gelir yoksunluğunun sosyal dışlanmaya neden olacağı ve aynı zamanda işsizlik kaygısının psikolojik ve sosyo-ekonomik sonuçlar doğuracağı anlaşılmıştır. İşsizliğin yol açtığı sosyal dışlanma ve siyasi kurumlara güvenin azalmasına çözüm olarak, sosyal içerme kavramı ve refahı artıran sosyal politika önlemlerinin oluşturulması önerisinde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşsizlik, Sosyal Dışlanma, Siyasal Katılım, Siyaset, Öğrenciler

A Research on the Relationship of Social Exclusion with Unemployment and Political Participation: Example of Ardahan University FEAS Students

Öz

In general terms, social exclusion is defined as a situation in which individuals cannot fully participate in economic, social, political and cultural life and at the same time the process that maintains this situation. It is possible to consider social exclusion under political, economic and social dimensions. Although social exclusion is a multidimensional concept, it becomes more visible in society with unemployment. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the views and awareness of young people about social exclusion, unemployment, socio-economic status and political participation. In the field study conducted in the 2018-2019 academic year with the students studying in the Political Science and Public Administration and Economics Departments of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences of Ardahan University, a questionnaire, one of the quantitative research method data collection techniques, was applied. 110 students participated in the research and the data were analyzed with the SPSS 20.0 package program. As a result of the study, it was revealed that unemployment leads to social exclusion and that students do not trust political institutions in the solution of unemployment. In addition to this result, it has been understood that the income deprivation that students will encounter due to unemployment will cause social exclusion and at the same time, unemployment anxiety will have psychological and socio-economic consequences. As a solution to the social exclusion caused by unemployment and the decrease in trust in political institutions, the concept of social inclusion and the creation of social policy measures that increase welfare have been proposed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Unemployment, Social Exclusion, Political Participation, Politics, Students

Kaynakça

• Aydın P. C. (2017). Kaygı ve Endişe. “Turkey Clinics Psychiatry-Special Topics”, 10(4), 228–236. Erişim adresi: http://psikiyatridizini.net/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=29733
• Bauer, P. C. (2018), Unemployment, Trust in Government and Satisfaction with Democracy: An Empirical Investigation, Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 4 (I), 1-14.
• Bhalla, A. S., Lapeyre, F. (1997). Social Exclusion; Towards An Analytical And Operational Framework. Development and Change, 28, pp. 413-433.
• Burchardt, T., Le Grand, J., PIachaud, D. (2002). Degrees of Exclusion: Developing A Dynamic, Multidimensional Measure. In Understanding Social Exclusion 30-43. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Davras, G. M. (2020). Research of the Relationship Between the Unemployment Anxiety and the Self-Esteem of Potential Workforce in Tourism. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 6(2), 75-84.
• De Haan, A. (2000). Social Exclusion: Enriching the Understanding of Deprivation, Studies in Social and Political Thought, 2, 22-40.
• Gallie, D., Paugam, S., Jacobs. S. (2003). Unemployment, Poverty and Social Isolation: Is There a Vicious Circle of Social Exclusion, European Societies 5(1): 1–32, Erişim adresi: http://dx.doi.org/10.10 93/0199271844.003.0002
• Giddens, A. (2001). Sosyoloji, Ed. C. Güzel, İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları.
• Gitto, L., Minervini L.F., Monaco, L. (2016). University Dropouts in Italy: Are Supply Side Characteristics Part Of The Problem. Econ. Anal. Policy, 49, 108–116. Erişim Adresi: file:///C:/Users/Windows%2010/Downloads/sustainability-10-00954.pdf
• Gobillon, L., Meurs, D., Roux, S. (2015). Estimating Gender Differences in Access To Jobs. Journal of Labor Economics, 33(2), 317-363.
• Güçlü, A. (2019). Üniversiteyi Terk eden Sayısı Neden Artıyor” Erişim Adresi: https://www.milliyet.com.tr/yazarlar/abbas-guclu/universiteyi-terk-eden-sayisi-neden-artiyor-2835795
• Gürbüz, S., Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
• Hibbs, D. A., Jr. (1987). The American Political Economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Hotho, J., Mınbaeva, D. B., Muratbekova Touron, M., Rabbiosi, L. (2020). Coping with Favoritism in Recruitment and Selection: A Communal Perspective, Journal of Business Ethics, 165, 659–679.
• ILO. (2012). World of Work Report 2012. Geneva.
• Jahoda M. (1979). The Impact of Unemployment in the 1930s and the 1970s. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 32, 309-314.
• Jahoda, M. (1981). Work, Employment and Unemployment: Values, Theories, and Approaches in Social Research”, American Psychologist, 36(2), 184–191.
• Jahoda, M. (1988). Economic Recession and Mental Health: Some Conceptual Issues. Journal of Social Issues, 1988, 44 (4), 13-23.
• Julkunen, I. (2002). Social And Material Deprivation Among Unemployed Youth İn Northern Europe, Social Policy and Administration, 36(3), 235-253.
• Kalaycıoğlu, E. (1984). Çağdaş Siyasal Bilim, Teori, Olgu ve Süreçler, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
• Kapani, M. (2012). Politika Bilimine Giriş, Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi.
• Liem, R., Liem, J.H. (1988). Physchological Effects Of Unemployment Workers And Their Families, Journal of Social Issue, 1988, 44 (4), 87-105.
• Lorenzini, J., Giugni M. (2012). Employment Status, Social Capital, and Political Participation: A Comparison of Unemployed and Employed Youth in Geneva, Swiss Political Science Review 18(3): 332–351.
• Marx, P., Nguyen, C. (2016). Are The Unemployed Less Politically Involved? A Comparative Study of Internal Political Efficacy. European Sociological Review. 32(5), 634– 648.
• Maslow, A.H. (1962). Notes on Being Psycohology. Journal of Humanistic Pscyhology, 2 (2), 47-71.
• Muñoz, J. (2012). Unemployment And Political Apathy. Evidence From A Panel Survey in Spain (2010-12, Erişim Adresi: https://www.recp.es/files/view/pdf/congress-papers/11-0/978/
• Nie, N., Verba, S., Converse P. (1989). Siyasal Katılma Kamuoyu ve Oy Verme Davranışı. Çev. İ. Turan, T. Karamustafaoğlu, Ankara: Siyasi İlimler Türk Derneği Yayınları.
• Ottosen, G. K., Thompson, D. N. (1996). Reducing Unemployment, A Case for Government Deregulation, ABC Clio Published.
• Pohlan, L. (2019). Unemployment and Social Exclusion, Journal of Economic Behavior An Organization, 164(2019), 273-299.
• Popp, S., Schels, B. (2008). Do You Feel Excluded? The Subjective Experience of Young State Benefit Recipients”. Journal of Youth Studies 11 (2), 165 – 191.
• Sapancalı, F. (2005). Sosyal Dışlanma, İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Yay, ss. 14-15.
• Saraceno, C. (2002). Social Exclusion: Cultural Roots and Diversities of a Popular Concept, Columbia: Institute for Child and Family Policy at Columbia University Press.
• Schulte, B. (2002). A European Definition of Poverty. The Fight Against Poverty and Social Exclusion in The Member States Of The European Union”, World Poverty, New Policies To Defeat An Old Enemy, Ed. By. P. Town and D. Gordon. London: The Policy Press.
• Schwarzer, R., Hahn, A. (1993). Negative Affect in East-German Migrants. Longitudinal Effects of Unemployment and Social Support. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 6, 57–69.
• Scott, W. J., Acock, A. C. (1979). Socioeconomic Status, Unemployment Experience and Political Participation: A Disentangling of Main and Interaction Effects. Political Behavior, 1(4), 361–381.
• Seligman, M.E.P., Maier, S.F. (1967). Failure to Escape Traumatic Shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1967, 74, 1-9.
• Sen, A. (1990). Gender and Cooperative Conflict. In Persistent Deprivations, Ed., by Irene Tinker. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Sen, A. (2000). Social Exclusion: Concept, Application, and Scrutiny. Manila: Office of Environment and Social Development, Asian Development Bank. Erişim adresi: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29778/social-exclusion.pdf.
• Silver, H. (1994). Social Exclusion and Social Solidarity: Three Paradigms, International Labour Review, 133(5/6), 531-578.
• Silver, H., Daly, M. (2008). Social Exclusion and Social Capital: A Comparison and Critique, Theory and Society, Springer Publications, Vol.37.
• Stoilkovska, A., Ilieva, J., Gjakovski, S. (2015). Equal Employment Opportunities in the Recruitment and Selection Process of Human Resources. UTMS Journal of Economics. 6 (2): 281–292A
• Tisch, A., Wolff, J. (2015). Active Labour Market Policy and Its Outcomes: Does Workfare Programme Participation Increase Self-Efficacy in Germany? International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. 35(1/2), 18–46.
• Turan, İ. (1986), Siyasal Sistem ve Siyasal Davranış, İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
• United Nations (Birleşmiş Milletler). (2016). Report on the World Sitatuation 2016, Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2016/full-report.pdf
• Walker, A., Walker, C. (1997). Britain Divided: The Growth of Social Exclusion in the 1980s and 1990s, London: Child Poverty Action Group.
• Warr, P., Jackson, P. (1988). Factors Influencing the Psychological Impact of Pro-longed Unemployment and Reemployment. Psychological Medicine. 1988, 15, 795- 807.
• Winkelmann, L., Winkelmann, R. (1998). Why Are the Unemployed So Unhappy? Evidence From Panel Data, Economica. New Series, 65(257). 1-15.