Doğu ve Güney Avrupa Refah Rejimlerinde Ebeveyn İzni: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Zeki Parlak; Yüsra Ak

Araştırma Makalesi

Doğu ve Güney Avrupa Refah Rejimlerinde Ebeveyn İzni: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 1 - 17, 20.12.2019

Zeki Parlak , Yüsra Ak

Öz

Yirminci yüzyılın son çeyreğinden
itibaren gelişmiş ülkelerde imalat sektörünün küçülmesi ve hizmet sektörünün ön
plana çıkmasıyla istihdamın kalitesi ve cinsiyet yapısında köklü bir değişim
gerçekleşmiştir. Hizmet sektöründe genel olarak ücretlerin düşük ve işin iğreti
olması, bir aileyi geçindirmek için erkeğin kazandığı gelirin yetersiz kalması
nedeniyle daha fazla kadın emek piyasalarına girmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu durum
literatürde emek piyasalarının kadınlaşması olarak isimlendirilmektedir.
Kadının emek piyasalarında daha etkin hale gelmesi çekirdek aile yapısını ve
yaşamını da olumsuz etkilemektedir. Kadının bir işte çalışmasına ek olarak aile
yaşamın sürdürülmesi açısından hayati öneme sahip olan bakım ve ev işleri gibi
yükümlülükleri de yerine getirmek zorunda olması aile yaşamını olumsuz
etkimekte ve iş ve aile yaşamı arasında bir denge kurmayı zorunlu hale
getirmektedir. İş aile yaşamı hayatı arasında denge kurma arayışları, AB’de iş
yaşam dengesi kavramı ve politikalarının geliştirilmesi ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bunlar,
ebeveyn izini, bakım ve esnek çalışma politikalarını içermektedir.

Ebeveyn izni, yeni doğan çocuğun
bakımı konusunda, kadın ve erkeğin rollerini az da olsa değiştirmeyi hedefleyen
bir AB iş yaşam dengesi politikasıdır. Bu çalışmada, Doğu ve Güney Avrupa refah
rejimlerinde ebeveyn izinleri karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmektedir. Doğu Avrupa’da ebeveyn izinlerin genellikle
aile hakkı olarak verildiği, büyük oranda kadınlar tarafından kullanıldığı ve
eşitsizliği beslediği ileri sürülmektedir. Güney Avrupa’da ise izin genellikle
bireysel ve devredilemez bir hak niteliğinde olmasına karşın izin kullanımının
ve ödeme oranlarının Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinin gerisindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İş Yaşam Dengesi, Refah Rejimleri, Doğu Avrupa Refah Rejimi, Güney Avrupa Refah Rejimi, Ebeveyn İzni

Kaynakça

Addabbo, T., Cardinali, V., Giovannini, D., & Mazzucchelli, S. (2018). Italy Country Note. S. Blum, A. Koslowski, A. Macht, & P. Moss (Ed.), International Review of Leave Policies and Research 2018 (ss. 223–240).
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Dimitrova, E., Kotzeva, T., & Ilieva, K. (2018). Bulgaria Country Note. S. Blum, A. Koslowski, A. Macht, & P. Moss (Ed.), International Review of Leave Policies and Research 2018 (ss. 81–89).
EASPD (2019). Social Welfare Systems across Europe. 29 Mart 2019, https://www.easpd.eu/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/SensAge/d4social_welfare_systems_across_europe.pdf
Ebbinghaus B. (2012), Comparing Welfare State Regimes: Are Typologies an Ideal or Realistic Strategy?, Edinburgh: ESPAnet Conference.
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Gerbery, D. (2018). Slovak Republic Country Note. S. Blum, A. Koslowski, A. Macht, & P. Moss (Ed.), International Review of Leave Policies and Research 2018 (ss. 373–378).
Hatzivarnava-Kazassi, E., & Karamessini, M. (2018). Greece Country Note. S. Blum, A. Koslowski, A. Macht, & P. Moss (Ed.), International Review of Leave Policies and Research 2018 (ss. 188–197).
Kağnıcıoğlu, D. (2013). İş Yaşam Çatışması ve İş Yaşam Dengesi Politikaları. Çimento Endüstrisi İşverenleri Sendikası, 27(1), 22–39.
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Kocourková, J. (2018). Czech Republic Country Note. S. Blum, A. Koslowski, A. Macht, & P. Moss (Ed.), International Review of Leave Policies and Research 2018 (ss. 127–132).
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Yorgun, S. (2010). Sömürü, Koruma ve Pozitif Ayrımcılıktan Çalışma Hayatının Egemen Gücü Olmaya Doğru Kadınar: 21. Yüzyıl ve Pembeleşen Çalışma Hayatı. Sosyoekonomi, 1(Ocak-Haziran), 167–190.

Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2
Yazarlar	Zeki Parlak Yüsra Ak
Yayımlanma Tarihi	20 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi	31 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Parlak, Z., & Ak, Y. (2019). Doğu ve Güney Avrupa Refah Rejimlerinde Ebeveyn İzni: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Ünye İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 1-17.

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin

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