Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Women, Film and Politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran 1979-2005; A Perspective from Learning from Experience and Performance Theory

Yıl 2024, , 79 - 100, 07.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1390962

Öz

Images in popular culture provide essential information about the socio-political situation and the self-realisation of gender roles in society. The transformation of women characters in Iranian films after the 1980s has occupied a certain space in scholarship, however everyday self-experiences in the streets and its relation to self realization and women figures are barely included into the analysis. Based on learning from experience, affect and performance theory, this paper focesses on two prominent female stars of Iranian cinema: Niki Karimi and Hediye Tehrani as image transformers in a period of cultural evolution and the smile of women that fades away from the streets. The analysis begins with a general examination of the interaction between politics and culture through the main currents in Iranian cinema. In this part, a periodization of the post-revolution era in Iran is presented through cultural products, especially Iranian films such as the religious era, the war and post-war era, the pastoral era, and the critical era. The last part compares two famous women's images, Niki Karimi and Hediye Tehrani, and shows how this periodization helps to understand the changes in women’s self realization and body politics in everyday life after the revolution.

Kaynakça

  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 1996.
  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 1997.
  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 1998.
  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 1999.
  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 2000.
  • Amin, C. M. (2001). Selling and Saving “Mother Iran”: Gender and the Iranian press in the 1940s. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 33(3), 335–361, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743801003014
  • Ashteri, B., Musevi, K. (1999). Goftegu ba Bazigaran Matrah-i Cinema-i Iran. Tehran, 1378.
  • Bahrani, R. (Director). (2000). Strangers [Film].
  • Bani-Etemad, R. (Director). (1998). The May Lady (Banoo-Ye Ordibehesht). [Film].
  • Derayeh, M. (2010). Depiction of women in Iranian cinema, 1970s to present. Women’s Studies International Forum, 33(3), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2009.12.010
  • Devictor, A. (2004). Politique du cinema Iranien: De l’ˆayatollˆah Khomeyni au pr´esident Khatami. CNRS ´ Editions.
  • Dönmez-Colin, G. (2020). Women in the cinemas of Iran and Turkey: As images and as image-makers. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Flanigan, T. (2019). Mona Lisa’s Smile: Interpreting Emotion in Renaissance Female Portraits. Studies in Iconography, 40, 183–230, JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27099505. Accessed 3 Feb. 2024.
  • Ghorbankarimi, M. (2015). A colourful presence: The evolution of women’s representation in Iranian cinema. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Grey, A. (1997). Learning from Experience: Cultural Studies and Feminism, in Cultural Methodologies, ed. Jim MacGuigan, London: Sage Publications, 87-103, p.103.
  • Haghighat, M. (2000). After the Revolution: the cinema will carry us, UNESCO Courier, 53(1), 26-29.
  • Heydari, J. (Director). (1990). Temptation (Gohar). [Film].
  • Hoodfar, H. (1997). Devices and Desires: Population Policy and Gender Roles in the Islamic Republic, Political Islam: Essays from Middle East Report, edited by J. Beinin, j. Stork. Berkeley: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520917583-020
  • Jeyrani, F. (Director). (1999). Red. [Film].
  • Kanovsky, E. (1997). Iran’s economic morass, mismanagement and decline under the Islamic Republic. Washington: Washington Institut for Near East Politics.
  • Kermani, N. (2001). Iran: Die revolution der kinder. M¨unchen: Verlag C.H.Beck.
  • Khatami, M. (2001). G¨ul¨umseyen Islam; Hatemi’nin agzindan ˙Iran’da de˘gis¸im. S. O˘guz (Trans.). Nazila Hamedan Nejad. Istanbul: Metis.
  • Khatami, M. (2000). Zen u Cevanan (The women and the Youth). Tehran, 1379.
  • Kimiai, M. (Director). (1997). The King. [Film].
  • Longinotto, K. & Mir-Hosseini, Z. (Director). (2001). Runaway. [Film].
  • Majidi, M. (Director). (1997). Children of Heaven (Bachehha-ye Aseman). [Film].
  • Majidi, M. (Director). (1999). The Color of Paradise (Rang-e Khoda). [Film].
  • Makhmalbaf, M. (Director). (1990). A Time to Love (Nobat e Asheghi). [Film].
  • Makhmalbaf, M. (Director). (1996). Gabbeh. [Film].
  • Mehrjui, D. (Director). (1993). Sara. [Film].
  • Mellat, 16 October 2001, no.136.
  • Mellat, 3 July 2001, No.49.
  • Milani, T. (Director). (1999). Two Women (Do Zen). [Film], 1999.
  • Millet, 5 August 2001.
  • Mirbaqeri, D. (Director). (1995). Snowman/Adam-i barfi. [Film].
  • Millet, 5 August 2001.
  • Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2001). Iranian Cinema: Art, Society and the State. Middle East Report, 31(219), 26–29. https://doi.org/10.2307/1559252
  • Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2007). Negotiating the forbidden: on women and sexual love in Iranian cinema, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, 27(3), 673–679. https://doi.org/10. 1215/1089201x-2007-042
  • Moghaddam, S. (Director). (1999). Siavash [Film].
  • Molagpour, R. (Director). (1996). The Saved Ones. [Film].
  • Muradi-i Kuchi, S. (2000). Zanan-i Sinema-i Iran [Women in Iranian Cinema]. Teheran, 1379.
  • Naficy, H. (1995). Iranian cinema under the Islamic Republic. American Anthropologist, 97(3), 548–558. http://www.jstor.org/stable/683274
  • Naficy, H. (2000). Veiled voice and vision in Iranian cinema: the evolution of Rakhshan Banietemad’s films. Social Research, 67(2), 559-577.
  • Naficy, H., A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 4, Durham: Duke University Press (2012): 111-135.
  • Nebevi, S. (2001). Aga-i Cumhur-i Islami[Herr President der Islamischen Republic]. Teheran, 1380.
  • Oelschlaeger, M., (1999). Re-Placing history, naturalizing culture. Human Nature Biology, Culture, and
  • Environmental History, Edited by John P. Herron & Andrew G. Kirk, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 63-76.
  • Oğuz, S., & Çakır, R. (2000). Khatami’nin Iran’ı (Khatami’s Iran), ˙Istanbul: ˙Iletis¸im.
  • Penahi, C. (Director). (2000). The Circle (Daire) [Film].
  • Poya, M. (1999). Women, work and Islamism: Ideology and resistance in Iran. New York: Zed Books.
  • Rekabtalaei, G. (2018). Cinematic governmentality: Cinema and education in modern Iran, 1900S–1930S, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 50(2), 247–269. https://doi.org/10. 1017/S0020743818000053
  • Rizi, N., (2015). Iranian Women, Iranian Cinema: Negotiating with Ideology and Tradition. The Journal of Religion and Film, 19(1), Art 35, 1-26. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol19/iss1/35/
  • Sadrameli, R. (Director). (1999). The Girl With the Sneakers (Dokhtari ba kafsh-haye-katani) [Film].
  • Sciolino, E. (2000). Persian mirrors: The elusive face of Iran. New York: Free Press.
  • Scott, J. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance: Hidden transcripts. Yale University Press.
  • Siavoshi, S. (1997). Cultural Policies and the Islamic Republic: Cinema and Book Publication. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 29(4), 509-530. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800065181
  • Talattof, K. (2000). The politics of writing In Iran: A history of modern Persian literature. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.

Women, Film and Politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran 1979-2005; A Perspective from Learning from Experience and Performance Theory

Yıl 2024, , 79 - 100, 07.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1390962

Öz

Images in popular culture provide essential information about the socio-political situation and the self-realisation of gender roles in society. The transformation of women characters in Iranian films after the 1980s has occupied a certain space in scholarship, however everyday self-experiences in the streets and its relation to self realization and women figures are barely included into the analysis. Based on learning from experience, affect and performance theory, this paper focesses on two prominent female stars of Iranian cinema: Niki Karimi and Hediye Tehrani as image transformers in a period of cultural evolution and the smile of women that fades away from the streets. The analysis begins with a general examination of the interaction between politics and culture through the main currents in Iranian cinema. In this part, a periodization of the post-revolution era in Iran is presented through cultural products, especially Iranian films such as the religious era, the war and post-war era, the pastoral era, and the critical era. The last part compares two famous women's images, Niki Karimi and Hediye Tehrani, and shows how this periodization helps to understand the changes in women’s self realization and body politics in everyday life after the revolution.

Kaynakça

  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 1996.
  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 1997.
  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 1998.
  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 1999.
  • A Selection of Iranian Films. Tehran, 2000.
  • Amin, C. M. (2001). Selling and Saving “Mother Iran”: Gender and the Iranian press in the 1940s. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 33(3), 335–361, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743801003014
  • Ashteri, B., Musevi, K. (1999). Goftegu ba Bazigaran Matrah-i Cinema-i Iran. Tehran, 1378.
  • Bahrani, R. (Director). (2000). Strangers [Film].
  • Bani-Etemad, R. (Director). (1998). The May Lady (Banoo-Ye Ordibehesht). [Film].
  • Derayeh, M. (2010). Depiction of women in Iranian cinema, 1970s to present. Women’s Studies International Forum, 33(3), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2009.12.010
  • Devictor, A. (2004). Politique du cinema Iranien: De l’ˆayatollˆah Khomeyni au pr´esident Khatami. CNRS ´ Editions.
  • Dönmez-Colin, G. (2020). Women in the cinemas of Iran and Turkey: As images and as image-makers. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Flanigan, T. (2019). Mona Lisa’s Smile: Interpreting Emotion in Renaissance Female Portraits. Studies in Iconography, 40, 183–230, JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27099505. Accessed 3 Feb. 2024.
  • Ghorbankarimi, M. (2015). A colourful presence: The evolution of women’s representation in Iranian cinema. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Grey, A. (1997). Learning from Experience: Cultural Studies and Feminism, in Cultural Methodologies, ed. Jim MacGuigan, London: Sage Publications, 87-103, p.103.
  • Haghighat, M. (2000). After the Revolution: the cinema will carry us, UNESCO Courier, 53(1), 26-29.
  • Heydari, J. (Director). (1990). Temptation (Gohar). [Film].
  • Hoodfar, H. (1997). Devices and Desires: Population Policy and Gender Roles in the Islamic Republic, Political Islam: Essays from Middle East Report, edited by J. Beinin, j. Stork. Berkeley: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520917583-020
  • Jeyrani, F. (Director). (1999). Red. [Film].
  • Kanovsky, E. (1997). Iran’s economic morass, mismanagement and decline under the Islamic Republic. Washington: Washington Institut for Near East Politics.
  • Kermani, N. (2001). Iran: Die revolution der kinder. M¨unchen: Verlag C.H.Beck.
  • Khatami, M. (2001). G¨ul¨umseyen Islam; Hatemi’nin agzindan ˙Iran’da de˘gis¸im. S. O˘guz (Trans.). Nazila Hamedan Nejad. Istanbul: Metis.
  • Khatami, M. (2000). Zen u Cevanan (The women and the Youth). Tehran, 1379.
  • Kimiai, M. (Director). (1997). The King. [Film].
  • Longinotto, K. & Mir-Hosseini, Z. (Director). (2001). Runaway. [Film].
  • Majidi, M. (Director). (1997). Children of Heaven (Bachehha-ye Aseman). [Film].
  • Majidi, M. (Director). (1999). The Color of Paradise (Rang-e Khoda). [Film].
  • Makhmalbaf, M. (Director). (1990). A Time to Love (Nobat e Asheghi). [Film].
  • Makhmalbaf, M. (Director). (1996). Gabbeh. [Film].
  • Mehrjui, D. (Director). (1993). Sara. [Film].
  • Mellat, 16 October 2001, no.136.
  • Mellat, 3 July 2001, No.49.
  • Milani, T. (Director). (1999). Two Women (Do Zen). [Film], 1999.
  • Millet, 5 August 2001.
  • Mirbaqeri, D. (Director). (1995). Snowman/Adam-i barfi. [Film].
  • Millet, 5 August 2001.
  • Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2001). Iranian Cinema: Art, Society and the State. Middle East Report, 31(219), 26–29. https://doi.org/10.2307/1559252
  • Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2007). Negotiating the forbidden: on women and sexual love in Iranian cinema, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, 27(3), 673–679. https://doi.org/10. 1215/1089201x-2007-042
  • Moghaddam, S. (Director). (1999). Siavash [Film].
  • Molagpour, R. (Director). (1996). The Saved Ones. [Film].
  • Muradi-i Kuchi, S. (2000). Zanan-i Sinema-i Iran [Women in Iranian Cinema]. Teheran, 1379.
  • Naficy, H. (1995). Iranian cinema under the Islamic Republic. American Anthropologist, 97(3), 548–558. http://www.jstor.org/stable/683274
  • Naficy, H. (2000). Veiled voice and vision in Iranian cinema: the evolution of Rakhshan Banietemad’s films. Social Research, 67(2), 559-577.
  • Naficy, H., A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 4, Durham: Duke University Press (2012): 111-135.
  • Nebevi, S. (2001). Aga-i Cumhur-i Islami[Herr President der Islamischen Republic]. Teheran, 1380.
  • Oelschlaeger, M., (1999). Re-Placing history, naturalizing culture. Human Nature Biology, Culture, and
  • Environmental History, Edited by John P. Herron & Andrew G. Kirk, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 63-76.
  • Oğuz, S., & Çakır, R. (2000). Khatami’nin Iran’ı (Khatami’s Iran), ˙Istanbul: ˙Iletis¸im.
  • Penahi, C. (Director). (2000). The Circle (Daire) [Film].
  • Poya, M. (1999). Women, work and Islamism: Ideology and resistance in Iran. New York: Zed Books.
  • Rekabtalaei, G. (2018). Cinematic governmentality: Cinema and education in modern Iran, 1900S–1930S, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 50(2), 247–269. https://doi.org/10. 1017/S0020743818000053
  • Rizi, N., (2015). Iranian Women, Iranian Cinema: Negotiating with Ideology and Tradition. The Journal of Religion and Film, 19(1), Art 35, 1-26. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol19/iss1/35/
  • Sadrameli, R. (Director). (1999). The Girl With the Sneakers (Dokhtari ba kafsh-haye-katani) [Film].
  • Sciolino, E. (2000). Persian mirrors: The elusive face of Iran. New York: Free Press.
  • Scott, J. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance: Hidden transcripts. Yale University Press.
  • Siavoshi, S. (1997). Cultural Policies and the Islamic Republic: Cinema and Book Publication. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 29(4), 509-530. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800065181
  • Talattof, K. (2000). The politics of writing In Iran: A history of modern Persian literature. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Cinsiyet Sosyolojisi, Sinema Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özlem Sert 0000-0002-4300-6192

Sami Oguz 0009-0008-7249-1175

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Sert, Ö., & Oguz, S. (2024). Women, Film and Politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran 1979-2005; A Perspective from Learning from Experience and Performance Theory. Universal Journal of History and Culture, 6(1), 79-100. https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1390962
Creative Commons License
The published articles in UJHC are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.