The Interrelation Between Culturally Learned Helplessness and Economic Underdevelopment

Yıl 2024, , 120 - 140, 27.10.2024

Ferhat Öztutuş , Yunus Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1496419

Öz

This article offers insights into the interrelationship between culturally learned helplessness and economic underdevelopment. It is argued that the concept of learned helplessness offers noteworthy insights into the nature of economic underdevelopment, particularly in less developed countries where or if it has become a cultural phenomenon. This reasoning is based on a rationality that is spatially bounded and intrinsically connected to the nature, source and evolution of social and cultural norms. It is concluded that the integration of learned helplessness (or a behavioural theory in general) into the field of economic development offers significant potential for exploring and explaining long-term evolutionary patterns of development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic development, Learned helplessness, Underdevelopment, Culture, Poverty

Kaynakça

• Aisen, A., & Veiga, F. J. (2006). Does political instability lead to higher inflation? A panel data analysis. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 38(5), 1379–1389.
• Akhtar, S. (2018). Göç ve kimlik: Kargaşa, sağaltım ve dönüşüm. S. Ayhan (Ç ev.). İstanbul: Sfenks Kitap.
• Aktan, C., & Yay, S. (2016). Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik ve değişime karşı pasif direnç. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 58-71.
• Alesina, A., & Giuliano, P. (2015). Culture and Institutions. Journal of Economic Literature, 53(4), 898–944.
• Ayan, D. (1996). Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik modeli üzerine sosyolojik bir çalışma [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi].
• Bauman, Z. (2001). Parçalanmış hayat. İ. Türkmen (Ç ev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
• Berber, M. (2015). İktisadi büyüme ve kalkınma. Derya Kitabevi.
• Bourdieu, P. (2017). Ayrım: Beğeni Yargısının Toplumsal Eleştirisi. D. Fırat, F. Şannan & A. G., Berkkurt (Çev.). Ankara: Heretik Yayınları.
• Camerer, C. F., & Loewenstein, G. (2004). Behavioral economics: Past, present, future. In C. F. Camerer, G. Loewenstein, & M. Rabin (Eds.), Advances in behavioral economics (pp. 3–52). Princeton University Press.
• Çoban, S. (2019). Yoksulluğa teorik yaklaşım. F. Yıldırım (Ed.), Yoksulluk ve sosyal hizmet: Yoksulluğa teorik yaklaşım (ss. 41–60). Atatürk Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayını.
• Dale-Harris, M. (2013). Graphics: Inheriting poverty – Learned helplessness and empowerment in development. Development Roast. Retrieved May 02, 2023, from https://inesad.edu.bo/developmentroast/2013/01/graphics-inheriting-poverty-learned-helplessness-and-empowerment-in-development/.
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology. (Vol. 1, pp. 416-436). SAGE Publications.
• Dixon, J., & Frolova, Y. (2011). Existential poverty: Welfare dependency, learned helplessness and psychological capital. Poverty & Public Policy, 3(2), 1–20.
• Durkheim, E. (2018). Sosyolojik yöntemin kuralları. C. Cenk (Çev.). İstanbul: Bordo Siyah Yayın.
• Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.
• Ekiert, G., & Kubik, J. (2001). Rebellious civil society: Popular protest and democratic consolidation in Poland, 1989–1993. University of Michigan Press.
• Fukuyama, F. (1996). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Simon and Schuster.
• Funke, M., Schularick, M., & Trebesch, C. (2016). Going to extremes: Politics after financial crises, 1870–2014. European Economic Review, 88, 227-260.
• Giddens, A. (2005). Sosyoloji. C. Güzel, (Çev.). Ankara: Ayraç Yayınevi.
• Gordon, A. (1985). Learned helplessness and community development: A case study, Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 327-337.
• Harvey, D. L., & Reed, M. (1992). Theories of poverty and underemployment: Orthodox, radical, and dual market perspectives. Washington: Health and Company.
• Hodgson, G. M. (2012). From pleasure machines to moral communities: An evolutionary economics without homo economicus. University of Chicago Press.
• Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Sage Publications.
• Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291.
• Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: psychology for behavioral economics. American Economic Review, 93(5), 1449–1475.
• Krugman, P. (2011, May 5). Against learned helplessness. Economist’s View. https://economistsview. typepad.com/economistsview/2011/05/paul-krugman-against-learned-helplessness.html
• Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105 (1), 3-46.
• Martinko, M. J., & Gardner, W. L. (1982). Learned helplessness: An alternative explanation for performance deficits. The Academy of Management Review, 7(2), 195.
• Payne, R. K. (2005). A framework for understanding poverty. Aha! Process, Inc.
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
• Ritzer, G. (1986). Social problems. New York: Rondom House.
• Seligman, M. E. P. (1972). Learned helplessness. Annual Review of Medicine, 23(1), 407–412.
• Sen, A. (1989). Development as capability expansion. Journal of Development Planning, 19, 41-58.
• Sen, A. (2000). A decade of human development. Journal of Human Development, 1(1), 17–23.
• Shah, V. (2023, April 17). Learned helplessness in democracies and economies. Thought Economics. https://thoughteconomics.com/learned-helplessness-in-democracies-and-economies/
• Shimahara, N. (1970). Enculturation-A reconsideration. Current Anthropology, 11(2), 143–154.
• Throsby, D. (2000). Economics and Culture. Cambridge University Press.
• Tuncer, E. (2017). Bilgi sosyolojisi ve Durkheim [Master Thesis, Uludağ Üniversitesi]. http://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/jspui/handle/11452/2024
• Uygunkan, S. B. (2005). Kültürleme kavramı ve televizyon, Kurgu Dergisi, 21, 205- 213.
• Zimmerman, M. A., Ramirez-Valles, J., Washienko, K. M., Walter, B., & Dyer, S. (1996). The development of a measure of enculturation for Native American youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 24(2), 295–310.