BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

TÜRKİYE’DE KAMU POLİTİKASI SÜRECİNDE GÜVENLİK-KALKINMA BAĞI: ULUSAL KALKINMA PLANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 18, 263 - 288, 01.01.2017

Ahmet Barbak

Öz

Bu makale, Türkiye’de kamu politikası sürecinde güvenlik-kalkınma bağını incelemektedir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kalkınmanın gerçekleştirilmesi için öncelikle güvenlik koşullarının sağlanması gerektiği fikrine dayanan güvenlik-kalkınma bağı yaklaşımı, 1980’li yıllardan itibaren uluslararası kalkınma topluluğu içerisinde gelişmiştir. Güvenlik-kalkınma bağı, uluslararası ölçekte güvenlik ve kalkınma işbirliği politikalarının bütünleştirilmesine dayanırken ulusal ölçekte çeşitli ekonomik, siyasal ve toplumsal kamu politikası süreçlerinin toplumun güvenlik ihtiyaçları ile devletin güvenlik hizmetleri göz önünde bulundurularak yürütülmesini öngörmektedir. Başta Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı (UNDP) ile Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD) olmak üzere resmi kalkınma yardımı işbirliğinde yer alan uluslararası örgütler ve ülkeler, gelişmekte olan ülkelerle ilişkilerini bu yaklaşıma uygun olarak biçimlendirmeye başlamıştır. Gelişmekte olan bir ülke olarak Birleşmiş Milletler ve OECD üyesi Türkiye, bu yaklaşımdan bağımsız düşünülmemelidir. Güvenlik-kalkınma bağının Türkiye’de kamu politikası sürecine aktarılıp aktarılmadığı kalkınma planlarında görülebilir. Kalkınma planları, çeşitli ekonomik, siyasal ve toplumsal politika alanlarını bir araya getiren içeren temel politika dokümanlardır. Bu kapsamda, araştırma, güvenlik-kalkınma bağının kamu politikası sürecine aktarılıp aktarılmadığı ortaya çıkarmak için Türkiye’de 1990-2018 dönemini kapsayan beş tane kalkınma planı üzerinden yapılmaktadır. Araştırmada İçerik Analizi yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. İnceleme göstermektedir ki, Türkiye’de güvenlik-kalkınma bağı, “ekonomik güvenlik-kalkınma” ve “iç güvenlik-kalkınma” ilişkileri üzerinden kurulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Albrecht, P., Strepputat, F., ve Andersen, L. (2010). Security Sector Reform, The European Way. M. Sedra (Ed.), içinde The Future of Security Sector Reform, Canada: The Centre for International Governance Innovation, (ss. 74-87).
  • Ashoff, G. (2005). Enhancing Policy Coherence for Development: Justification, Recognition and Appproaches to Achievement. Bonn: The German Development Institute.
  • Bartenev, V., ve Glazunova, E. (2013). International Development Cooperation. Moscow: World Bank.
  • Bernabéu, I. (2007). Laying the Foundations of Democracy? Reconsidering Security Sector Reform Under UN Auspices in Kosovo. Security Dialogue, 38 (1), 71-92.
  • Bunge, M. A. (1977). General Systems and Holism. General Systems, 22, 87-90.
  • Buzan, B. Wæver, O., ve Wilde J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. London: Lynne Rienner.
  • Chandler, D. (2007). The Security-Development Nexus and the Rise of ‘Anti-Foreign Policy’. Journal of International Relations and Development. 10, 362-386.
  • Benson, D., ve Jordan, A. (2011). What Have We Learned from Policy Transfer Research? Dolowitz and Marsh Revisited. Political Studies Review, 9, 366-378.
  • DFID (1997). Eliminating World Poverty: A Challenge for the 21st Century, White Paper on International Development, UK.
  • DFID (2000). Eliminating World Poverty: Making Globalisation Work for the Poor, White Paper on International Development, UK.
  • DFID (2002), Understanding and Supporting Security Sector Reform, UK.
  • Dolowitz, D. P. (2003). A Policy-Maker’s Guide to Policy Transfer. The Political Quarterly, 74 (1), 101-109.
  • Dolowitz, D. P., ve Marsh, D. (1996). Who Learns What from Whom? A Review of the Policy Transfer Literature. Political Studies, 44 (2), 343-357.
  • Dolowitz D. P., ve Marsh, D. (2000). Learning from Abroad: The Role of Policy Transfer in Contemporary Policy-Making. Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration, 13 (1), 5-24.
  • Duffield, M. (2001). Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London: Zed Books.
  • European Commission (2000). Commission Green Paper of 29 November 2000 Towards a European Strategy for the Security of Energy Supply, [COM (2000) 769 Final, Brussels: European Union.
  • European Commission (2013). Cybersecurity Strategy of the European Union: An Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspace. Joint Communication to The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of The Regions, Brussels: European Union.
  • Evans, M. (2009). Policy Transfer in Critical Perspective. Policy Studies, 30 (3), 243-268.
  • Harris, J. M. (2000). Basic Principles of Sustainable Development. Working Paper 00-04, MA: Tufts University Global Development Institute
  • Hettne, B. (2002). In Search of World Order. B. Hettne ve B. Odén (Eds.), içinde Global Governance in the 21st Century: Alternative Perspectives on World Order, Sweden: Almkvist & Wiksell International, (ss. 6-25).
  • Holzinger, K., ve Knill, C. (2005). Causes and Conditions of Cross-National Policy Convergence. Journal of European Public Policy, 12(5), 775-796.
  • Hrychuk, H. (2009). Combating the Security Development Nexus? Lessons Learned from Afghanistan. International Journal, 64(3), 825-842.
  • Hynes, W., ve Scott, S. (2013). The Evolution of Official Development Assistance: Achievements, Criticisms and a Way Forward. OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers No. 12, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • International Energy Agency (2014). Energy Supply Security 2014. Paris: OECD.
  • International Peace Academy (2004). The Security-Development Nexus: Conflict, Peace and Development in the 21st Century. New York: West Point.
  • Jones, T., ve Newburn, T. (2006). Policy Transfer and Criminal Justice. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
  • Keohane, R.O. (1990). Multilateralism: An Agenda for Research. International Journal, 45: 731- 764.
  • Keohane, R.O. (2002). Global Governance and Democratic Accountability. UK: London School of Economics.
  • Keohane, R. O. (2006). The Contingent Legitimacy of Multilateralism. GARNET Working Paper: No: 09/06, http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/ researchcentres/csgr/garnet/workingpapers/0906.pdf (Erişim: 11.09.2016).
  • Keohane, R. O., ve Nye, J. S. (2000a). Introduction. J. S. Nye ve J. D. Donahue (Eds.), içinde Governance in a Globalizing World, Washington DC: Brookings Institution.
  • Keohane, R. O., ve Nye, J. S. (2000b). Power and Interdependence. New York: Addison-Wesley Longman.
  • Kfir, I. (2015). NATO’s Paradigm Shift: Searching for a Traditional Security-Human Security Nexus. Contemporary Security Policy, 36 (2), 219-243.
  • Nieto, C. C. (1997). Toward A Holistic Approach to the Ideal of Sustainability. Phil & Tech, 2 (2), 41-48.
  • OECD (2002) Action for a Shared Development Agenda, Ministerial Statement. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2005). DAC Guidelines on Security System Reform and Governance. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2007). OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2008a). Is it ODA?, https://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/34086975.pdf (Erişim: 07.09.2016).
  • OECD (2008b). Policy Coherence for Development-Lessons Learned. Policy Brief, Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2009). Building Blocks for Policy Coherence for Development. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2012). Policy Framework For Policy Coherence for Development. Working Paper No. 1, Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2013). Better Policies for Development: In Focus 2013: Policy Coherence for Development and Global Food Security. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2016). Development Co-operation Report 2016: The Sustainable Development Goals as Business Opportunities. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD DAC (1995). Development Partnerships in the New Global Context. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD DAC (1996). Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Co-operation. Paris: OECD.
  • Picciotto, R. (2005). The Evaluation of Policy Coherence for Development. Evaluation, 11(3), 311-330.
  • Ruggie J.G. (1992). Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution. International Organization, 46(3), 561-598.
  • Stern, M., ve Öjendal, J. (2010). Mapping the Security-Development Nexus: Conflict, Complexity, Cacophony, Convergence?. Security Dialogue, 41(1), 5-30.
  • Stone, D. (2001). Learning Lessons, Policy Transfer and the International Diffusion of Policy Ideas. Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation Working Paper No. 69/01, UK :University of Warwick.
  • Stone, D. (2004). Transfer Agents and Global Networks in the “Transnationalization” of Policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(3), 545-566.
  • Stone, D. (2010). Private Philanthropy or Policy Transfer? The Transnational Norms of the Open Society Institute. Policy & Politics, 38(2), 269-287.
  • T.C. Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı (2016). 2016-2019 Ulusal Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi, Ankara.
  • Tosunoğlu, Ş. (2015). Türkiye’nin Resmi Kalkınma Yardımları Politikası: Eğilimler ve Hedefler. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 4 (10), 8-29.
  • UNDP (1994). Human Development Report 1994. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
  • UNDP (2014). Governance for Sustainable Development Integrating Governance in the Post-2015 Development Framework. Discussion Paper, Newyork: United Nations.
  • UNESCO (2012). Exploring Sustainable Development: A Multiple-Perspective Approach. Education for Sustainable Development in Action Learning & Training Tools No.3, France.
  • United Nations (2000). United Nations Millennium Declaration. New York.
  • United Nations (2004). A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility. Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, New York: United Nations.
  • United Nations (2012). Security Sector Reform Integrated Technical Guidance Notes. Newyork.
  • United Nations (2015). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York.
  • United Nations (2016). Interaction Between the United Nations, National Parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 25 July 2016, A/RES/70/298, New York: United Nations.
  • United Nations Development Group (2015). Localizing The Post-2015 Development Agenda: Dialogues on Implementation. New York: United Nations.
  • World Bank (2000). Voices of the Poor: Crying Out For Change. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • World Bank (2011). World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security and Development. Washington, DC.
  • World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our Common Future. New York: United Nations.
  • Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 9. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • http://www.un.org/esa/ffd/index.html (Erişim: 06.09.2016).
  • http://www.oecd.org/dac/conflict-fragility-resilience/states-of-fragility-report-series.htm (Erişim: 16.09.2016)
  • http://www.masak.gov.tr/tr/content/terorun-finansmani-ulusal-mevzuat/55 (Erişim: 22.09.2016).
  • https://www.dhs.gov/topic/cybersecurity (Erişim: 23.09.2016).
  • http://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2016/03/06/bakan-cevdet-yilmaz-zararlar-kisa-surede-tanzim-edilecek (Erişim: 25.09.2016).
  • https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=7237 (Erişim: 29.09.2016).
  • http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (Erişim: 03.04.2016).

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 18, 263 - 288, 01.01.2017

Ahmet Barbak

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Albrecht, P., Strepputat, F., ve Andersen, L. (2010). Security Sector Reform, The European Way. M. Sedra (Ed.), içinde The Future of Security Sector Reform, Canada: The Centre for International Governance Innovation, (ss. 74-87).
  • Ashoff, G. (2005). Enhancing Policy Coherence for Development: Justification, Recognition and Appproaches to Achievement. Bonn: The German Development Institute.
  • Bartenev, V., ve Glazunova, E. (2013). International Development Cooperation. Moscow: World Bank.
  • Bernabéu, I. (2007). Laying the Foundations of Democracy? Reconsidering Security Sector Reform Under UN Auspices in Kosovo. Security Dialogue, 38 (1), 71-92.
  • Bunge, M. A. (1977). General Systems and Holism. General Systems, 22, 87-90.
  • Buzan, B. Wæver, O., ve Wilde J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. London: Lynne Rienner.
  • Chandler, D. (2007). The Security-Development Nexus and the Rise of ‘Anti-Foreign Policy’. Journal of International Relations and Development. 10, 362-386.
  • Benson, D., ve Jordan, A. (2011). What Have We Learned from Policy Transfer Research? Dolowitz and Marsh Revisited. Political Studies Review, 9, 366-378.
  • DFID (1997). Eliminating World Poverty: A Challenge for the 21st Century, White Paper on International Development, UK.
  • DFID (2000). Eliminating World Poverty: Making Globalisation Work for the Poor, White Paper on International Development, UK.
  • DFID (2002), Understanding and Supporting Security Sector Reform, UK.
  • Dolowitz, D. P. (2003). A Policy-Maker’s Guide to Policy Transfer. The Political Quarterly, 74 (1), 101-109.
  • Dolowitz, D. P., ve Marsh, D. (1996). Who Learns What from Whom? A Review of the Policy Transfer Literature. Political Studies, 44 (2), 343-357.
  • Dolowitz D. P., ve Marsh, D. (2000). Learning from Abroad: The Role of Policy Transfer in Contemporary Policy-Making. Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration, 13 (1), 5-24.
  • Duffield, M. (2001). Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London: Zed Books.
  • European Commission (2000). Commission Green Paper of 29 November 2000 Towards a European Strategy for the Security of Energy Supply, [COM (2000) 769 Final, Brussels: European Union.
  • European Commission (2013). Cybersecurity Strategy of the European Union: An Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspace. Joint Communication to The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of The Regions, Brussels: European Union.
  • Evans, M. (2009). Policy Transfer in Critical Perspective. Policy Studies, 30 (3), 243-268.
  • Harris, J. M. (2000). Basic Principles of Sustainable Development. Working Paper 00-04, MA: Tufts University Global Development Institute
  • Hettne, B. (2002). In Search of World Order. B. Hettne ve B. Odén (Eds.), içinde Global Governance in the 21st Century: Alternative Perspectives on World Order, Sweden: Almkvist & Wiksell International, (ss. 6-25).
  • Holzinger, K., ve Knill, C. (2005). Causes and Conditions of Cross-National Policy Convergence. Journal of European Public Policy, 12(5), 775-796.
  • Hrychuk, H. (2009). Combating the Security Development Nexus? Lessons Learned from Afghanistan. International Journal, 64(3), 825-842.
  • Hynes, W., ve Scott, S. (2013). The Evolution of Official Development Assistance: Achievements, Criticisms and a Way Forward. OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers No. 12, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • International Energy Agency (2014). Energy Supply Security 2014. Paris: OECD.
  • International Peace Academy (2004). The Security-Development Nexus: Conflict, Peace and Development in the 21st Century. New York: West Point.
  • Jones, T., ve Newburn, T. (2006). Policy Transfer and Criminal Justice. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
  • Keohane, R.O. (1990). Multilateralism: An Agenda for Research. International Journal, 45: 731- 764.
  • Keohane, R.O. (2002). Global Governance and Democratic Accountability. UK: London School of Economics.
  • Keohane, R. O. (2006). The Contingent Legitimacy of Multilateralism. GARNET Working Paper: No: 09/06, http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/ researchcentres/csgr/garnet/workingpapers/0906.pdf (Erişim: 11.09.2016).
  • Keohane, R. O., ve Nye, J. S. (2000a). Introduction. J. S. Nye ve J. D. Donahue (Eds.), içinde Governance in a Globalizing World, Washington DC: Brookings Institution.
  • Keohane, R. O., ve Nye, J. S. (2000b). Power and Interdependence. New York: Addison-Wesley Longman.
  • Kfir, I. (2015). NATO’s Paradigm Shift: Searching for a Traditional Security-Human Security Nexus. Contemporary Security Policy, 36 (2), 219-243.
  • Nieto, C. C. (1997). Toward A Holistic Approach to the Ideal of Sustainability. Phil & Tech, 2 (2), 41-48.
  • OECD (2002) Action for a Shared Development Agenda, Ministerial Statement. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2005). DAC Guidelines on Security System Reform and Governance. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2007). OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2008a). Is it ODA?, https://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/34086975.pdf (Erişim: 07.09.2016).
  • OECD (2008b). Policy Coherence for Development-Lessons Learned. Policy Brief, Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2009). Building Blocks for Policy Coherence for Development. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2012). Policy Framework For Policy Coherence for Development. Working Paper No. 1, Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2013). Better Policies for Development: In Focus 2013: Policy Coherence for Development and Global Food Security. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2016). Development Co-operation Report 2016: The Sustainable Development Goals as Business Opportunities. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD DAC (1995). Development Partnerships in the New Global Context. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD DAC (1996). Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Co-operation. Paris: OECD.
  • Picciotto, R. (2005). The Evaluation of Policy Coherence for Development. Evaluation, 11(3), 311-330.
  • Ruggie J.G. (1992). Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution. International Organization, 46(3), 561-598.
  • Stern, M., ve Öjendal, J. (2010). Mapping the Security-Development Nexus: Conflict, Complexity, Cacophony, Convergence?. Security Dialogue, 41(1), 5-30.
  • Stone, D. (2001). Learning Lessons, Policy Transfer and the International Diffusion of Policy Ideas. Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation Working Paper No. 69/01, UK :University of Warwick.
  • Stone, D. (2004). Transfer Agents and Global Networks in the “Transnationalization” of Policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(3), 545-566.
  • Stone, D. (2010). Private Philanthropy or Policy Transfer? The Transnational Norms of the Open Society Institute. Policy & Politics, 38(2), 269-287.
  • T.C. Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı (2016). 2016-2019 Ulusal Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi, Ankara.
  • Tosunoğlu, Ş. (2015). Türkiye’nin Resmi Kalkınma Yardımları Politikası: Eğilimler ve Hedefler. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 4 (10), 8-29.
  • UNDP (1994). Human Development Report 1994. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
  • UNDP (2014). Governance for Sustainable Development Integrating Governance in the Post-2015 Development Framework. Discussion Paper, Newyork: United Nations.
  • UNESCO (2012). Exploring Sustainable Development: A Multiple-Perspective Approach. Education for Sustainable Development in Action Learning & Training Tools No.3, France.
  • United Nations (2000). United Nations Millennium Declaration. New York.
  • United Nations (2004). A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility. Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, New York: United Nations.
  • United Nations (2012). Security Sector Reform Integrated Technical Guidance Notes. Newyork.
  • United Nations (2015). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York.
  • United Nations (2016). Interaction Between the United Nations, National Parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 25 July 2016, A/RES/70/298, New York: United Nations.
  • United Nations Development Group (2015). Localizing The Post-2015 Development Agenda: Dialogues on Implementation. New York: United Nations.
  • World Bank (2000). Voices of the Poor: Crying Out For Change. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • World Bank (2011). World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security and Development. Washington, DC.
  • World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our Common Future. New York: United Nations.
  • Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 9. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • http://www.un.org/esa/ffd/index.html (Erişim: 06.09.2016).
  • http://www.oecd.org/dac/conflict-fragility-resilience/states-of-fragility-report-series.htm (Erişim: 16.09.2016)
  • http://www.masak.gov.tr/tr/content/terorun-finansmani-ulusal-mevzuat/55 (Erişim: 22.09.2016).
  • https://www.dhs.gov/topic/cybersecurity (Erişim: 23.09.2016).
  • http://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2016/03/06/bakan-cevdet-yilmaz-zararlar-kisa-surede-tanzim-edilecek (Erişim: 25.09.2016).
  • https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=7237 (Erişim: 29.09.2016).
  • http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (Erişim: 03.04.2016).
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm MAKALELER
Yazarlar

Ahmet Barbak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Sayı: 18

Kaynak Göster

APA Barbak, A. (2017). TÜRKİYE’DE KAMU POLİTİKASI SÜRECİNDE GÜVENLİK-KALKINMA BAĞI: ULUSAL KALKINMA PLANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi(18), 263-288.
 Kapak Resmi İndir


______________________________________________________

Adres: KTÜ-İİBF. Oda No:213    61080 TRABZON
e-mail : uiiidergisi@gmail.com